Analysis of Composite Membranes in the Separation of Emulsions Sunflower oil/water (original) (raw)
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Characterization of polymeric membranes used in vegetable oil/organic solvents separation
Journal of Membrane Science, 2010
The characterization of commercial membranes used in the separation of refined soybean oil/n-butane and n-hexane mixtures was studied in this work using different commercial ultrafiltration membranes, with cut-offs ranging from 1 to 5 kDa. The membranes were used in the permeation of refined soybean oil/pressurized n-butane mixtures at 1:3 (w/w) and 1:1 (w/w) mass ratios in a continuous tangential flow module and in the permeation of soybean oil/n-hexane mixtures in a dead-end flow module. The membranes were characterized by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), FTIR (Fourier transform spectroscopy), contact angle measurement (Goniometer), zeta potential and SEM-EDS (scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis) aiming to better understanding the phenomena involved in the permeation process. Some membranes did not show any measurable permeation flux for refined soybean oil/n-butane mixtures, which may be related to their low hydrophobicity. Contact angle and zeta potential measurements showed that the membrane surface hydrophilicity changes after permeation. FTIR spectra showed that the membranes were fouled with oil even after washing with solvent. Results obtained in this work showed that permeation caused few modifications on the surfaces of the tested membranes at the experimental conditions investigated. It is shown that these polymeric membranes can be used in the separation of vegetable oils/organic solvents effectively without degradations.
Development of Polymeric Membranes for Oil/Water Separation
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In this work, the treatment of oily wastewater was investigated using developed cellulose acetate (CA) membranes blended with Nylon 66. Membrane characterization and permeation results in terms of oil rejection and flux were compared with a commercial CA membrane. The solution casting method was used to fabricate membranes composed of CA and Nylon 66. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was done to examine the surface morphology of the membrane as well as the influence of solvent on the overall structure of the developed membranes. Mechanical and thermal properties of developed blended membranes and a commercial membrane were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and universal (tensile) testing machine (UTM). Membrane characterizations revealed that the thermal and mechanical properties of the fabricated blended membranes better than those of the commercial membrane. Membrane fluxes and rejection of oil as a function of Nylon 66 compositions and transmembrane pressure...
Review on Membranes for the Filtration of Aqueous Based Solution: Oil in Water Emulsion
Journal of Membrane Science & Technology, 2018
This review provides insight into the application of membrane technology in the filtration of aqueous solution generated from different industries. Due to the ever-evolving and demanding strict attention to rules and regulation for discharging of oily waste water, researchers have investigated membrane technology as a best and suitable method for separation of oil in oil-water emulsion. Membrane-based separation processes are becoming a novel material to treat oily wastewater due its facile operation process and effective in removal of oil from oil/water emulsion. This review summarizes or highlights the recent development of advanced membrane technology employed to separate oil in water emulsion using polymer and ceramic-based membranes and modified membranes via blending, coating, grafting and other techniques. Moreover, integrated membranes system to achieve high separation efficiency over single membrane process is also discussed. Perspective and conclusions concerning the future development of filtration membranes for treatment of oil in water mixture are also provided. A review of membrane technology for oil/water emulsion treatment could have a substantial contribution in developing novel membranes and modification of the existed membranes.
Separation of Sunflower Oil from Hexane by Use of Composite Polymeric Membranes
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2011
Vegetable oil extraction, as performed today by the oilseed-crushing industry, usually involves solvent extraction with commercial hexane. After this step, the vegetable oil-hexane mixture (miscella) must be treated to separate its components by distillation. If solvent-resistant membranes with good permeation properties can be obtained, membrane separation may replace, or be used in combination with, conventional evaporation. Two tailormade flat composite membranes, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF-Si and PVDF-CA) and a commercially available composite membrane (MPF-50), were used to separate a crude sunflower oil-hexane mixture. The effects of temperature, cross-flow velocity (v), transmembrane pressure (Dp), and feed oil concentration (C f) on membrane selectivity and permeation flux were determined. The PVDF-Si membrane achieved the best results, being stable in commercial hexane and having promising permselectivity properties for separation of vegetable oil-hexane miscella. Improved separation performance was obtained at C f = 25%, Dp = 7.8 bar, T = 30°C, and v = 0.8 m s-1 ; a limiting permeate flux of 12 Lm-2 h-1 and 46.2% oil retention were achieved. Low membrane fouling was observed under all the experimental conditions studied.
The objective of this study is to investigate ultrafiltration polyethersulfone (PES) membrane for oil-in-water emulsion removal. Flat sheet polyethersulfone (PES) membrane was fabricated and characterized. Ultrafiltration membrane was fabricated using a dry/wet phase inversion technique. The work was performed to investigate the effect of incorporating polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Polyethersulfone (PES) membrane which had been modified for higher porosity and hydrophilicity through the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for removal of oil from the oily wastewater. The performances of different (PES) membranes were evaluated by treating with pure water. Tween 20 surfactant was used to develop high surface pressure in emulsion interface to make oily waste water. Membrane characterization were performed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-rays (EDX), pure water permeation (PWP), UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. The experimental results showed that oil rejection using PES membrane were over 98% and oil concentration in the permeate was below 2 mg/L from 100 mg/L, which met the requirement for discharge. It was concluded that the ultrafiltration (UF) PES membranes incorporating PEG and PVP was developed oil filtration from wastewater.
International journal on engineering, science and technology, 2022
Ceramic membranes for wastewater treatment are usually fine filters prepared by sintering of alumina, titania or zirconia powders at ultra-high temperatures and have an asymmetric cross-section using the same material or a combination of the three giving a base support and an active layer forming the membrane. The Carman-Kozeny (C-K) and Hagen-Poiseuille (H-P) transport equations have been used to predict water permeability of ceramic membranes and can be adapted to take account of the effects of microstructural parameters (porosity, and tortuosity) of ceramic membranes on pure water flux. The hydrodynamics of the membranes were evaluated by gas transport to obtain equivalent water permeability which was then used to obtain the porosity and tortuosity respectively. Gas permeability experiments showed good correspondence with the calculated water flux. Characterization of the membranes was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging to determine the morphological aspects of the sample including shape and size of membranes while the electron diffraction with x-rays analysis (EDAX) was used to obtain information on the elemental composition.
Membrane technology enhancement in oil–water separation. A review
• Chemical composition and effects of oily wastewater • Polymeric and ceramic membrane for wastewater oily treatment • Effect of surface modification and effect of operating parameters of the membrane performance • Combined systems with membrane separation and future outlook for removal of oily wastewater a b s t r a c t Membrane separation processes have become an emerging technology for the treatment of oily wastewater due to high oil removal efficiency and relatively facile operational process. This review will highlight the recent development of advanced membrane technology such as surface modification, addition of inorganic particles in polymer membrane and the development of ceramic membranes. Additionally, the effect of operating parameters on the membrane performance is discussed in detail. Future outlooks in oil–water membrane separation are also discussed to further broaden the research and development related to this technology.
Amphiphilic tri-block copolymer (TBC) consisting of a central polystyrene block and two lateral polyacrylate-carboxylic acid blocks was successfully prepared by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process using telechelic polystyrene as a macro-RAFT agent. Ultrafiltration membranes, based on the blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and TBC were fabricated in the weight ratios of 95/5, 90/10 and 85/15 by solution casting and phase inversion process. The fabricated membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Water contact angle measurement, permeate flux of bovine serum albumin solution, and filtration experiments including pure water permeation test, molecular weight cutoff test and oil-water emulsion filtration test were used to evaluate the wettability and antifouling properties of the membranes. The blend membranes exhibited higher flux and molecular weight cut off values when compared to the neat PVDF membrane. The high water permeability of the blend membranes may be attributed to the presence of porous skin layer with hydrophilic surface due to the presence of TBC. The flux recovery ratio (FRR) values for the permeation of BSA protein solution showed that the blend membranes (FRR = 67-78%) possessed superior fouling resistance property than that of the neat PVDF membrane (FRR = 57%). The blend membranes showed about 2.5 times higher water flux with ~99% oil rejection at 2 bar operating pressure for the engine oil-water emulsion feed when compared to that of neat the PVDF membrane. A linear regression analysis of various fouling models involving both pore blocking and cake formation was performed for the membranes in the separation of oil-water emulsion
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2005
Hydrophilic ultrafiltration membranes made of polyamide with molecular weight cutoff 10 and 50 kDa have been studied for the preparation of oil-in-water emulsions by a cross-flow membrane emulsification technique. Isooctane and phosphate buffer were used as disperse and continuous phase, respectively. The permeation of apolar isooctane through the polar hydrophilic membrane was achieved by pretreatment of membranes with a gradient of miscible solvents of decreasing polarity to remove water from the pores and replace it with isooctane. Four different procedures were investigated, based on the solvent mixture percentage and contact time with membranes. After pretreatment, the performance of the membranes in terms of pure isooctane permeate flux and emulsion preparation was evaluated. The influence of organic solvents on polyamide (PA) membranes has been studied by SEM analysis, which showed a clear change in the structure and morphology of the thin selective layers. The effects proved stronger for PA 10 kDa than for 50 kDa. In fact, similar pretreatment procedures caused larger pore size and pore size distribution for PA 10 kDa than for 50 kDa. The properties of emulsions in terms of droplet size distribution reflected the membrane pore sizes obtained after pretreatment. The correlation between pore size and droplet size, for the physicochemical and fluid dynamic conditions used, has been evaluated. 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Journal of Food Engineering, 2015
Macauba is a Brazilian palm tree with high edible oil productivity and of great interest to many applications. In the oil extraction process, solvent recovery is one point of major concern, due to its high energy consumption and oil quality losses. Those drawbacks can be partially overcome by integration of membrane technology to the usual solvent distillation step. The present work tested four ultrafiltration (UF) and one nanofiltration (NF) membrane (Microdyn-Nadir) on the solvent recovery of synthetic mixtures of macauba oil and n-hexane. Membranes were pre-treated before use with different solvents in specific time lengths, according to preliminary studies. The membrane performance was evaluated by permeate flux and oil retention. Macauba (pulp and kernel) oil was evaluated by determinations of acidity, peroxide value and fatty acid profile. Membranes showed usual flux behaviour, compatible with other studies concerning oil/solvent mixtures permeation, although its values were quite above the expected. Best results for retention (>30%) are related to the membranes with lower molar mass cut-off (MMCO), and the best balance between permeate flux and oil retention was found for the NF membrane (12.4 g m À2 h À1 , 34.7%).