Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto gelatinized patato starch for removal of metal ions and organic dyes from aqueous system (original) (raw)
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Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid onto hydrolyzed potato starch using various initiators
Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering, 2013
This work presents synthesis and characterization of copolymer obtained by grafting of acrylic acid on hydrolyzed potato starch in the presence of various initiators (azobisisobutyronitrile, potassium persulfate and benzoyl peroxide). Starch hydrolysis was made to reduce average molar mass, i.e. to reduce macromolecule size. Grafting of monomer was performed to produce a product that can be used in textile treatment, for example, in yarn sizing. Various initiators were used, primarily, to produce graft polymer on starch and to obtain thinner or thicker packaging of side chains that can have a great influence on the behavior of textile yarns impregnated with these copolymers. Potassium persulfate, as initiator, proved to be very successful in grafting of acrylic acid on hydrolyzed starch, in terms of yield results, graft percentage and efficiency. FTIR spectra of hydrolyzed and grafted starch confirm by their characteristic bands that grafting was successful. Results show that the highest quantity of monomer is found in the sample of hydrolyzed starch grafted in the presence of benzoyl peroxide. Molar masses of hydrolyzate and copolymer show significant differences ranging from 1.83 × 10 3 to 7.13 × 10 6 g/mol.
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2007
Graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto starch was carried out with ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator under nitrogen atmosphere. The grafting percentages (GP%) of starch-graft-acrylic acid (St-g-AA) copolymers were determined. The effect of GP% of St-g-AA copolymers on the competitive removal of Co 2þ , Ni 2þ , Zn 2þ ions from aqueous solution was investigated at different pH (2, 4, 6). The concentrations of each ion in aqueous solution 5 mmol/ L. Effects of various parameters such as treatment time, initial pH of the solution and grafting percentage of starch graft copolymers were investigated. Metal ion removal capacities of St-g-AA copolymers increased with GP% of the copolymers and pH. The results show that the removal of metal ions followed as given in the order Co 2þ > Ni 2þ > Zn 2þ. In this study, metal ion removal capacities were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS).
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2000
A novel redox system, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-silk sericin (SS), was used to initiate the graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) onto silk sericin in an aqueous medium. The graft copolymer, consisting of nanoparticles with a fine core-shell structure, was characterized using Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy. The effects of the concentrations of MA and TBHP, reaction temperature and time on the grafting parameters of the copolymerization were studied in detail. In terms of grafting percentage and grafting efficiency, the optimum reaction conditions were obtained as follows: [MA] = 0.465 mol L −1 , [TBHP] = 3.884 × 10 −4 mol L −1 , T = 80 • C, t = 150 min. Transmission electron microscopy images of the particles showed a core-shell morphology, where poly(methyl acrylate) cores were covered with SS shells. A possible initiation mechanism is proposed.
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 2012
Metal adsorbent containing hydroxamic acid groups was successfully synthesized by radiation-induced graft copolymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) onto cassava starch. The optimum conditions for grafting were studied in terms of % degree of grafting (Dg). Conversion of the ester groups present in poly(methyl acrylate)-grafted-cassava starch copolymer into hydroxamic acid was carried out by treatment with hydroxylamine (HA) in the presence of alkaline solution. The maximum percentage conversion of the ester groups of the grafted copolymer, % Dg ¼ 191 (7.63 mmol/g of MA), into the hydroxamic groups was 70% (5.35 mmol/g of MA) at the optimum condition. The adsorbent of 191%Dg had total adsorption capacities of 2.6, 1.46, 1.36, 1.15 and 1.6 mmol/g-adsorbent for Cd 2 þ , Al 3 þ , UO 2 2 þ , V 5 þ and Pb 2 þ , respectively, in the batch mode adsorption.
The graft copolymerization of Acrylamide (Aam) onto Corn Starch (S) using Mohr's Salt/H2O2 (FAS/H2O2) redox system in aqueous under visible light was extensively investigated. Many variables affecting the weight conversion (WC %), grafting percentage (GP %) and grafting efficiency (GE %) including time of visible light irradiation and contents of Aam, S, FAS and H2O2 were studied. The UV spectra of FAS and H2O2 were determined. The initial rate of grafting was found to be 0.74% per minute. The rate of graft copolymerization (Rg) was determined. The characterization of the grafted products was done using different techniques such as FTIR, X-ray diffraction, SEM and thermal analysis as TGA and DTA. Water absorption and solvent resistance of S-g-PAam copolymers were examined. The results were discussed and the mechanism of grafting was proposed.
Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, 2013
This study is concerned with synthesis, characterization and properties of graft copolymer produced from hydrolyzed potato starch and acrylamide using various initiators (azobisisobutyronitrile, potassium persulfate and benzoyl peroxide). Starch hydrolysis was performed in order to reduce molecular mass. Acrylamide was grafted on shorter starch macromolecules creating side branches on the main chain resulting in a product that could be used in textile finishing more successfully. Various initiators were used, primarily, to produce graft monomer on the starch and also to obtain thinner or thicker packaging of side chains that can have a great influence on the behavior of textile yarns impregnated with these copolymers. Benzoyl peroxide, as initiator, proved to be very successful in grafting of acrylamide on hydrolyzed starch, in terms of yield, graft percentage and efficiency results. Grafting in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile and potassium persulfate as initiators has slight...
Hydrogels composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCh) were synthesized via ultraviolet (UV) irradiation that can be used in several industrial fields. Several analysis tools were used to characterize the physical and thermal properties of CMCh/PVA hydrogels namely FT-IR, scanning electron microscope (SEM), XRD, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC). TGA results showed that CMCh/PVA hydrogels are thermally more stable than CMCh and their thermal stability increases as PVA content increases in the hydrogel. Also, DSC results showed that CMCh/PVA hydrogels are at least partial miscible blends. Moreover, the swelling behavior of the CMCh/PVA hydrogels was studied in different buffered solutions and in different salt solutions at various concentrations. CMCh/PVA hydrogels swell much more than CMCh especially at alkaline pH. Both metal and dye uptake were studied for CMCh/PVA hydrogels. The hydrogels adsorb much more dyestuff and metal ions like Cu 2þ , Cd 2þ , and Co 2þ than CMCh itself. Much dyestuff and metal ions are adsorbed by the hydrogels as PVA content increases in the hydrogel. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 000: 000-000, 2011
A study of the graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid onto starch using the H2O2/Fe redox system
Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 1989
Graft copolymerization of methacrylic acid (MetAc) onto potato starch using H,O,/Fe++ redox system was investigated. The best conditions of the grafting reaction were determined and several variables were studied: initiator and monomer concentrations, time, and tc,nperature. Percent grafting efficiency, percent grafting, percent grafted monomer conversion, and total conversion were obtained. The optimum graft yield was obtained at 7.3 X 10-3M H,O, concentration and it was favored by increasing the methacrylic acid concentration and reaction time.
2021
Our recently tailored and fully characterized poly (AN)-starch nanoparticle graft copolymer having 60.1 G.Y. % was used as a starting substrate for copper ions removal from waste water effluent after chemical modification with hydroxyl amine via oximation reaction. This was done to change the abundant nitrile groups in the above copolymer into amidoxime one and the resultant poly (amidoxime) resin was used as adsorbent for copper ions. The resin was characterized qualitatively via rapid vanadium ion test and instrumentally by FT-IR spectra and SEM morphological analysis to confirm the presence of amidoxime groups. The adsorption capacity of the resin was done using the batch technique, whereas the residual copper ions content in the filtrate before and after adsorption was measured using atomic adsorption spectrometry. It was found that the maximum adsorption capacity of poly (amidoxime) resin was 115.2 mg/g at pH 7, 400ppm copper ions concentration and 0.25 g adsorbent at room temp...
Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 2022
Starch-g-poly(acrylic acid)/Pterocladia capillacea-derived activated carbon (St-g-P(AA)/P-AC) composites were prepared via aqueous solution graft copolymerization using starch, acrylic acid, and activated carbon of red alga Pterocladia capillacea (0-10%) with N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (NH 4) 2 S 2 O 8 initiator. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize St-g-P(AA)/P-AC composites. Additionally, St-g-P(AA)/P-AC composites were investigated for methylene blue (MB) dye removal from water. The impact of the beginning concentration of MB dye, temperature, pH, and adsorption time on MB dye removal was examined. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained at pH 8 was 496.29 mg/g at 0.02 mg/L composites dose and 100 mg/L MB dye. The properties of adsorption were studied by the adsorption isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic models. The pseudo-first-order and Freundlich isotherm models demonstrated the kinetics and equilibrium adsorptions data, respectively. The maximum monolayer capacity (q m) was 1428.57 mg/g from Langmuir isotherm. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the MB dye adsorption is exothermic physisorption and spontaneous. The results show that St-g-P(AA)/P-AC composites were effective for MB dye adsorption from water solution and could be recycled.