Türkiye’nin Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yayla turizminin değerlendirilmesi (original) (raw)
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THE ROLE OF CULTURAL AND RURAL TOURISM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW DESTINATIONS IN TURKEY
In Turkish tourism geography, in terms of supply potential, natural geographical resources and cultural values offer great variety and wealth. The seven districts in Turkey not only have different touristic charms but also local and universal characteristics. Tourism in Turkey has a serious potential to flourish ,but, on the other hand, when compared to the shores of Meditarrenean, Aegean and Marmara regions, the rest of the districts are not at a satisfactory level. When there is a disproportionate demand for a region, it causes some negative results in the environment. Diversification in tourism has been put on the agenda in Turkey and Tourism Ministry offered 20 projects covering the matter above ( T.R. Tourism Ministry ). Considering these projects leading to arise new destinations, new touristic corridors or extend so called available areas in different directions and have some possible variations on them, it means the results of such enterprises can be seen in the geographical places. The main objectives of tourism sector in Turkey are to develop competitive and effective tourism economy, to meet the demands of local people and tourists from the tourism, to provide the continuity of natural and cultural values by enriching them. The studies below have been put into effect to make the objectives aforementioned above come true and make all the regions benefit from the tourism incomes: In the First Tourism Council, within the borders of “Tourism Diversification”, recommended main investigation areas are ranged as cultur tourism, faith (belief) tourism, health tourism, winter tourism, congress tourism, ecotourism. In the 8th BYKP, under light of objectives related with tourism, principles and politics “ To improve distribution of seasonal and geographical tourism and considering changing consumer choices in the external market, it has been decided to be continued activities such as golf, winter, mountain, thermal, health, yacht, congress, and ecotourism to create new potential areas. In addition, the articles “ In the regions where tourism activities are at demand, the local administrations and local public will be provided to make decisions on tourism” and “ depending on the new inclinations in the structure of demand, the priority will be given to the development of small businesses ” are the indicators of new structures in tourism.
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Doğanın bozulmadığı ve insanların doğayla bütünleşebilecekleri destinasyonlara yönelik ilgi her geçen gün artış göstermektedir. Doğadaki yaşam ve yerel halk ile etkileşim kurmak, bölgeyi tanımayan turistler için kolay olmamaktadır. Yayla turizmi gibi doğa turizminde etkileşime öncülük edecek ve iletişimi kolaylaştıracak rehberlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Turist rehberleri turizm destinasyonlarında ve özellikle yayla turizminde yerel halk ile iletişim, güvenlik vb. gibi pek fazla role sahip olabilmektedir. Böylece bu araştırmanın amacı, turist rehberlerinin Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi yayla turizmi turları kapsamında elde ettikleri deneyimlerin irdelenmesidir. Bu kapsamda, alanında uzman turizm rehberleriyle yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılarak, veriler üzerinden betimsel analiz yoluna gidilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, turist rehberlerin gözüyle yerel halkın yığın ve yoğun turist kitlelerine sıcak bakmadıkları belirlenmiştir.
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This article reviews some of the developments which, since 1980, have taken place in the tourism industry of Turkey. Also possible future state of Turkey tourism were discussed. The topics are placed in their political, economic and institutional context. The focus is on foreign visitors. Visitor characteristics, popular destinations and the problems facing the tourism industry are discussed. Tourism, particularly in developing countries, can provide important contributions to economic and social development. In Turkey, tourism has made a great contribution to economic and social development, since 1980s. However, in Turkey the development of tourism in the form of mass tourism has led to a variety of environmental problems. For this reason, recent times changes have occurred in the country's tourism policy and strategy. The future, for the increase social, economic and environmental positive aspects of the Turkey tourism, constituted to various attempts. Accordingly visitor profile of Turkey is likely to increase rather specialized interest groups. Such developments increases the tourism market of alternative destinations such as mountainous and cultural-heritage and pilgrimage areas. This is also encourage domestic tourism. Also various tourism policies are needed to improve tourism infrastructure, promote the integration of tourist services, maintain visitor numbers and encourage guests to stay longer, visit 816 Ayşe OKUYUCU additional locations and increase tourists spending. This is carried out by the joint of efforts particularly the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and other stakeholders.
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Mass tourism being on the agenda of world tourism industry since post war period, has been facing stagnation with late 80̕s. Additionally consumer̕s preferences and tendencies towards seeking new activities regardless of sea-sun-sand type of tourism have been started to change. Therefore popular tourist destinations are in a position where to develop alternative tourist activities to sustain their market shares in world tourism market. In compliance with this trend, the purpose of this thesis is to analyze the need and the reason of Turkish Tourism Industry moving away from concentrating merely on mass tourism and accordingly to evaluate the efforts of Turkish tourism authorities in diversifying tourism activities and extending the tourist season to year round with reference to Tourism Development Regions, Amendment of Tourism Encouragement Law, etc. Additionally the importance of focusing on cultural, historical, traditional identity and unique assets of Turkey in order to sustain ...