Comparative histopathology and immunohistochemistry of human and canine mammary tumors (original) (raw)
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Veterinary and …, 2009
This study describes the clinical and histopathological findings in dogs with mammary gland tumours, and compares the histopathological and clinical evidence consistent with progression from benign to malignant to human breast cancer epidemiology. Clinical and histopathological data on 90 female dogs with 236 tumours was included. Dogs with malignant tumours were significantly older than dogs with benign tumours (9.5 versus 8.5 years), P = 0.009. Malignant tumours were significantly larger than benign tumours (4.7 versus 2.1 cm), P = 0.0002. Sixty-six percent had more than one tumour, and evidence of histological progression was noted with increasing tumour size. Dogs with malignant tumours were significantly more likely to develop new primary tumours than dogs with benign tumours, P = 0.015. These findings suggest that canine mammary tumours progress from benign to malignant; malignant tumours may be the end stage of a histological continuum with clinical and histopathological similarities to human breast carcinogenesis.
CYTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON CANINE MAMMARY TUMORS OF EPITHELIAL ORIGIN
Canine mammary tumors are considered as useful animal models in understanding human breast cancers. They can present either as malignant or benign variants and can have different origin from epithelial to mesenchymal tissues. In the current investigation, based on histogenesis, the mammary tumors were classified as adenocarcinoma, co-existing adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, malignant mixed mammary tumor and fibroadenoma. Cytologically, the epithelial cells were arranged in sheets, clusters and also as individual cells with occasional acinar structures having eccentrically placed nuclei in adenocarcinomas. In the coexisting type with squamous cell carcinoma features of adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinomas were noticed. The cytology of malignant mixed mammary gland tumor revealed epithelial as well as mesenchymal cells. Cytological smears from a solitary case of fibroadenoma revealed less number of cells that exhibited uniform size with eccentrically placed nucleus.
Histopathological classification and incidence of canine mammary tumours
The present study aimed to classify different canine mammary tumours based on WHO recommendations. A total of 139 suspected spontaneous tumours were collected, out of which 128 were diagnosed as tumours. The benign tumours were identified as fibroadenoma (41.66%), ductal papilloma (16.66%), benign mixed mammary tumour (29.16%), myoepithelioma (4.16%) and simple adenoma (8.33%). In malignant mammary tumours, epithelial tumours included papillary adenocarcinoma (25.96%), malignant mixed mammary tumour (25.96%), solid carcinomas (17.31%), infiltrative adenocarcinoma (11.54%), malignant myoepithelioma (7.69%), squamous cell carcinoma (2.88%), mucinous carcinoma (1.92%), intraductal carcinoma in situ (0.96%), whereas the connective tissues tumours were fibrosarcoma (2.88%), myxosarcoma (0.96%), carcinosarcoma (0.96%) and osteochondrosarcoma (0.96%). Analysis of breed-wise occurence of mammary neoplasms revealed highest number of tumours in German shepherd (35.0%) followed by Spitz (24.22...
Epidemiological, cytological, and haemato-serological analysis of canine mammary gland tumours
International journal of advanced biochemistry research, 2024
When it comes to neoplastic situations, a clear and early diagnosis is crucial for both human and animal patients to determine the best course of therapy and improved prognosis. The study's objective was to analyse the epidemiological, cytological, and haemato-serological aspects of canine mammary gland tumours. This included examining the tumor's consistency, cytology, blood and serum parameter analysis, breed, sex, age, and reproductive status in addition to the number and location of affected mammary glands. Between January 2021 and April 2022, a total of 53 dogs were brought to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, DUVASU, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India, with the suspicion of having a mammary gland tumour. Of them, 42 dogs had neoplastic growth and 11 dogs had inflammatory growth based on cytological examination. A total of 102 cases of various dog cancers were documented throughout this time, indicating a 41.18% incidence of mammary tumours. Older female canines between the ages of 8 and 12 were the most affected, with the German Shepherd breed having the highest incidence. A haemato-serological examination revealed a drop in serum iron levels, haemoglobin concentration, and total erythrocyte count, but an increase in total leucocyte count, primarily neutrophils, and serum calcium level. When comparing the blood neutrophil count and serum calcium level in the neoplastic state to the control, a strong association was found.
Study on histopathological subtypes and grading of canine mammary tumours
Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
The incidence of mammary neoplasms is more in dogs when compared to other animals. Mammary neoplasms are among the most prevalent type of tumours in bitches, followed by skin tumours. Canine mammary tumour (CMT) and human breast cancer (HBC) have clinical and molecular similarities, making CMT a good model to study HBC. A study was conducted on 25 cases of CMT in bitches which were presented during a period from March 2019 to March 2020 to University Veterinary Hospitals at Mannuthy and Kokkalai. Tumours were histologically classified basically into carcinoma, sarcoma, carcinosarcoma, benign tumour and further its subtypes were identified. Out of total 25 CMTs, only one case was identified as benign, while all the other cases were found to be malignant. Modified Elston and Ellis grading method was used for histological malignancy grading of CMT. Histological malignancy grading done in 23 cases revealed grade I (30.43 per cent), grade II (60.87 per cent) and grade III (8.7 per cent) ...
Canine mammary tumors as a model for human disease
Oncology letters, 2018
Animal models for examining human breast cancer (HBC) carcinogenesis have been extensively studied and proposed. With the recent advent of immunotherapy, significant attention has been focused on the dog as a model for human cancer. Dogs develop mammary tumors and other cancer types spontaneously with an intact immune system, which exhibit a number of clinical and molecular similarities to HBC. In addition to the spontaneous tumor presentation, the clinical similarities between human and canine mammary tumors (CMT) include the age at onset, hormonal etiology and course of the diseases. Furthermore, factors that affect the disease outcome, including tumor size, stage and lymph node invasion, are similar in HBC and CMT. Similarly, the molecular characteristics of steroid receptor, epidermal growth factor, proliferation marker, metalloproteinase and cyclooxygenase expression, and the mutation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in CMT, mimic HBC. Furthermore, ductal carcinomas in human an...
Clinico-pathological Studies on Canine Mammary Tumors in Dachshund Dog
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2021
Background: The study was aimed to find out the epidemiological data of canine mammary tumor in Dachshund breed in relation to age, growth rate, lymph node status, histological type of tumor and to compare hematological alterations of any within the tumor to compare hematological alterations due to different types of tumor.Methods: Mammary neoplasms were clinically evaluated. The measurement of total erythrocyte count (TEC), total leukocyte count (TLC), platelet count and packed cell volume (PCV %) was carried out as per standard methods. Histological observation was performed by staining with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain. Benign and malignant mammary tumors were found highest in the younger age group of 8 to 12 years and lowest thereafter.Result: 79.16% cases of the mammary tumors located in the inguinal region were found. The fast growth rate was observed in 45.83% of tumors. The hematological profile showed no difference. However, the platelet count in the malignant mammary gland ...
2012
In female dogs, the mammary gland tumors (MGT) and skin tumors are among the most common hyperplastic lesions of the animal species. Histologically, approximately 50-60% from all breast tumors are considered malignant lesions. Metastasis (circulating tumor cells from the primary tumor to the target organs - 60-80% lung dissemination) is the final step in the development of breast cancer, usually leading to death. The study is systematized in two parts that include clinical investigation techniques (risk factors and prognosis factors) and paraclinical investigations (imaging, investigations used to establish the bodys functional status and pathological examination). A simple clinical examination seems to be insufficient, requiring a complex cases approach. In the present, if we refer to the results of different studies, cytological analysis does not lead us to a reliable prognosis. Using histopathological examination of lymphnodes and tumor is a source of additional information that ...
Canine mammary tumours as a model to study human breast cancer: most recent findings
In vivo (Athens, Greece)
Clinical and molecular similarities between canine mammary tumours and human breast cancer have been described in recent decades. Clinically, the similarities are very strong: spontaneous tumours, hormonal aetiology, age of onset and an identical course of the disease. The clinical characteristics that have an impact on the clinical outcome are also identical: tumour size, lymph node invasiveness and clinical stage. Nowadays, as far as human medicine is concerned, the goal is to identify prognostic factors, mainly at the molecular level, such as those involved in metastasis, which could be used as therapeutic targets to support a better outcome. Moreover, in this area, canine mammary tumours seem to mimic human breast cancer, as a range of similarities are found at the molecular level concerning the overexpression of steroid receptors, proliferation markers, epidermal growth factor, p53 supressor gene mutations, metalloproteinases, cyclooxygenases, among many others. Clinical and mo...
Veterinary Pathology, 2011
Mammary neoplasms are the most common neoplasm in female dogs. This article describes the embryologic development, normal anatomy, and histology of the canine mammary gland from the onset of first estrous and the changes that occur in the mammary gland during the estrus cycle. The clinical features of canine mammary gland tumors and their relation to prognosis are discussed, including age, hormones, breed, diet, and obesity. Additional clinical prognostic factors including clinical presentation, tumor size, and lymph node status at the time of presentation are discussed in relation to diagnosis and tumor staging. Immunohistochemical evaluation of the cell differentiation markers of the normal and neoplastic canine mammary gland is described and compared with similar studies in humans; the ways these markers may be used to assist with the prognosis of canine mammary neoplasms are discussed.