Influenza Surveillance in Russia Based on Epidemiological and Laboratory Data for the Period from 2005 to 2012 (original) (raw)
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The influenza epidemic in Russia in 2014–2015 season
Microbiology Independent Research journal, 2015
The goal of this study was to compare the data on the intensity of the influenza A(H3N2) and B epidemic (especially the death toll) in the 2014-2015 season with the previous epidemic of the 2013-2014 season. The data on weekly morbidity, hospitalization, deaths from influenza, and acute respiratory diseases in different age groups of inhabitants of 59 cities located in 7 Federal districts of the Russian Federation were collected using the database of the Research Institute of Influenza. Analysis of this data showed that the influenza epidemic in 2014-2015 began earlier (in December) compared to the epidemic of 2013-2014, and spread mainly from Europe through Russia to the East. The intensity of the epidemic of 2014-2015 was higher compared to the previous one. The epidemic was more prevalent by regions and cities and a wider engagement of different age groups (except children up to 2 years of age) was observed. At the peak of the epidemic, the morbidity level was higher, the average duration of the epidemic was longer, and the number of patients among cities' inhabitants (especially among children 7-14 years of age and adults) was higher than in the previous season. The rates of hospitalization with influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) among patients older than 65 years were also higher (1.4 times) as well as the frequency of hospitalization with a diagnosis of "influenza" (2.7 times) and the number of deaths from laboratory confirmed influenza (1.8 times). Although the influenza pandemic virus strain A(H1N1)pdm09 was not the main causative agent of the 2015 epidemic and was distributed sporadically it still remained the leading cause of deaths from influenza in the course of this epidemic (45.5% of all cases). The deaths associated with this strain were recorded only in the European part of Russian Federation.
Virologica Sinica, 2011
The aim of the work is the comparison of the epidemiology of influenza and acute respiratory virus infections (ARVI) in the Republic of Kazakhstan with the corresponding influenza epidemic in Russia induced by influenza pandemic virus A/California/07/2009 in 2009. Data on influenza and ARVI from the Republic of Kazakhstan and Federal Center of influenza was collected and investigated over the course of several weeks from hospitalized patients with the same diagnosis among all population and in age groups on 16 territories of Kazakhstan and in 49 major cities of Russia. The epidemic in Kazakhstan resembled the Russian epidemic in terms of its abnormally early beginning, expression of monoaetiology, the spread of the epidemic into all territories and start of the epidemics among adult population. High percentage of hospitalized people and lethal outcome were registered in this epidemic. Similarity of epidemic process character in corresponding border-line territories of both countries was found out. The epidemic in Russia was first recorded between 21st to 27th of September 2010 in South Sakhalin and cases were recorded in Kazakhstan three weeks later (October 16-22, 2010) in the north-east territories at the border of Siberia and Ural. The same as in Russia epidemic in Kazakhstan spread westward and southward.
Central European Journal of Public Health, 2016
Aim: Influenza virological surveillance is an essential tool for studying the evolution of influenza viruses as well as for annual updating of the vaccine composition. The aim of the present study is to analyse the circulation of the influenza viruses in Bulgaria during the four recent postpandemic seasons. Methods: A total of 3,681 respiratory samples from patients with influenza like illness (ILI) or acute respiratory illness (ARI) were tested for influenza viruses using Real Time RT-PCR. Results: Influenza viruses were detected in 1,367 (37%) samples. Of those viruses, 941 (69%) were of type A and 426 (31%) of type B. Among the subtyped A viruses, 543 (60%) were A(H1N1)pdm09 and 369 (40%) A(H3N2). Co-circulation of all seasonal influenza types/subtypes was registered during each season, with the exception of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in the 2011/12 season. In this study, data gathered from the antigenic and genetic analyses of influenza viruses, their antiviral susceptibility, and the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the infections are presented. Conclusions: Yearly variations in the distribution and frequency of influenza types/subtypes and an annual shift of the predominant type/subtype were observed. In the seasons with predominant spread of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus-2010/11 and 2013/14, a greater number of influenza-related pneumonia cases, ICU admissions and fatal cases was registered (p < 0.05). The results of the present study confirm the need for continuous and comprehensive influenza surveillance.
Influenza surveillance in Russia conducted by Center of Influenza Ecology and Epidemiology
International Congress Series, 2004
The Center of Influenza Ecology and Epidemiology (IEEC, Moscow) has shown the cocirculation of influenza A/H1N1, A/H3N2 and B viruses in humans during the 2002 -2003 season. All strains were isolated in MDCK system, but A/H1N1 viruses still had the propensity to propagate in embryonated eggs. The epidemic A/H1N1 strains were related to the reference strain A/New Caledonia/20/99. The population of A/H3N2 strains included A/Moscow/10/99, A/Panama/2007/99 and a new reference strain A/Fujian/411/02-like. Reemergence of influenza B/Victoria/2/87 lineage viruses absent in Russia for more than 10 years were discovered. Hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza B strains was related to that of B/Hong Kong/22/01; neuraminidase (NA) was more related to that of either B/Victoria/2/87 or B/Yamagata/16/88-like viruses. Serological data confirmed the circulation of all isolated strains. Different sensitivities of influenza A and B viruses to treatment by proteolytic enzyme bromelain were revealed; the most sensitive was B virus, and less sensitive were A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 viruses. Specific activities of the two bromelain preparations used were tested in relation to the high specific chromogenic substrate for thiol proteinase assay (L-pyroglutamyl-Lphenylalanyl-L-alanine-p-nitroanilide). D
Monitoring of influenza viruses in Western Siberia in 2008–2012
Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 2013
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.
Background: Information on influenza-associated mortality in Russia is limited and largely related to deaths with influenza in the diagnosis that represent a small fraction of all influenza-associated deaths. Methods: Using previously developed methodology (Goldstein et al., Epidemiology 2012), we regressed the monthly rates of mortality for respiratory causes, as well as circulatory causes (available from the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat)) during the 2013/14 through the 2018/19 influenza seasons linearly against the monthly proxies for the incidence of influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 and B (obtained using data from the Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza (RII) on influenza/ARI consultations, testing of respiratory specimens and genetic/antigenic characterization of influenza viruses), adjusting for the baseline rates of mortality not associated with influenza circulation and temporal trends. Results: For the 2013/14 through the 2018/19 seasons, influenza circulation was associated with an average annual 17636 (95% CI (9482,25790)) deaths for circulatory causes and 4179 (3250,5109) deaths for respiratory causes, with the largest number of deaths (32298 (18071,46525) for circulatory causes and 6689 (5019,8359) for respiratory causes) estimated during the 2014/15 influenza season. Influenza A/H3N2 was responsible for 51.8% of all circulatory influenza-associated deaths and 37.2% of all respiratory influenza-associated deaths. Influenza A/H1N1 was responsible for 23.4% of all circulatory influenza-associated deaths and 29.5% of all respiratory influenza-associated deaths. Influenza B was responsible for 24.9% of all circulatory influenza-associated deaths and 33.3% of all respiratory influenza-associated deaths, with the overwhelming majority of those deaths being caused by the B/Yamagata viruses. Compared to the 2013/14 through the 2015/16 seasons, during the 2016/17 through the 2018/19 seasons (when levels of influenza vaccination were significantly higher), the volume of influenza-associated mortality declined by about 16.1%, or 3809 annual respiratory and circulatory deaths. Conclusions: Influenza circulation is associated with a substantial mortality burden in Russia, particularly for circulatory deaths, with some reduction in mortality rates observed following the major increase in influenza vaccination coverage. Those results support the potential utility of further extending the levels of influenza vaccination, the use of quadrivalent influenza vaccines, and extra efforts for protecting individuals with circulatory disease in Russia, including vaccination and the use of antiviral medications.
Severe influenza outbreak in Western Ukraine in 2009--a molecular-epidemiological study
Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM, 2013
In the autumn of 2009 the authors participated in a humanitarian operation in Western Ukraine by undertaking an epidemiological investigation of an influenza-like-illness (ILI) in the L'viv Oblast region. Mobile biological survey teams took samples from civilian patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, rapid transportation of the samples, and their molecular analysis in Poland to provide accurate results. The aim of the study was the molecular and epidemiological analysis of the biological samples collected. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR), multiplex PCR techniques, traditional Sanger Sequencing and classical viral culture methods were used. Among the 124 influenza-like illness cases, ~50% (58) were positive for influenza A virus in WHO-CDC molecular assay, including subtyping. The specimens were further analyzed to confirm results and determine the genetic sequence. Phylogenetically, the nucleotide similarity of both...