Determination of Wear Elements in Tractor Lubricating Oil: Comparison between AAS and ICP-OES Techniques (original) (raw)

Lubricant Quality Control: A Chemometric Approach To Assess Wear Engine In Heavy Machines

Tribology International, 2015

Used lubricants assessment could be suitable to reveal wear mechanisms undergoing in a machine. In the proposed work an effective, reliable and cost-efficient technique combining inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and chemometrics was developed to perform wear analysis for industrial application. Thus, multielemental determination of a large amount of used lubricants from diesel heavy machines (truck, bulldozer, loaders and backhoe) was carried out by ICP-OES. Multivariate analysis was done by the non supervised method principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised method sequential discriminant analysis (SDA). The recognition ability for the groups was highly satisfactory. For PCA, the main three principal components explained 99.98% of total variance for samples lubricants. SDA allowed, in training and prediction sets, a correct classification of 97.12% and 95.75% respectively for the lubricant analyzed samples, obtaining three groups classified according to the use. The outcomes demonstrate that lubricant wear effect could be assessed quickly and accurately, having great potential to become a very useful tool in the machine monitoring industry.

Comparative Investigation of Wear Metals in Virgin and Used Lubricant Oils

Four samples of virgin lubricating oils were categorized as A1, B1, C1 and D1 while their used oil counterparts were designated as A2, B2, C2 and D2 respectively. A dry ash method was adopted for digestion of the samples in a 1:1 ratio (w/v) of oil: concentrated H 2 SO 4 followed by dissolution with 2 M HNO 3 acid. The digested samples were separately subjected to flame atomic photometry analysis for alkali and alkaline earth metals while other metals were subjected to atomic absorption spectrometric analysis. The specific densities of the virgin oils fell within the range of 0.941–0.952 while their corresponding used oil values ranged between 0.923 and 0.932. The viscosity value ranges obtained were 72.77–79.27 cp for virgin oil and 64.27–79.27 cp for used oil. The wear metal concentrations determined for virgin oil were in the range of 110–150, 17–1957, 5.0–53.3, 1.1–1.7, 3.2–14.1, 2.7–5.2, 1.5–5.4, 45.13–106.8, 46.1–61.0 mg/kg for Na, Mg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn, respectively. Their corresponding used oil metal concentrations were in the range of 99–193, 72–2567, 150–810, 1.1–20.3, 5.1–754, 2.4–5.13, 3.2–6.2, 13.0–73.6 and 30.6–50.7 mg/kg respectively for the same metal ions. Among the investigated metal ions of C2, Pb made up 20.63% while Cr made up 56.53% of B2. The information about these metal concentrations will be helpful in monitoring and maintaining vehicles and machine engines while also indicating which metals could be quantitatively recovered and thereby being used to solve environmental problems. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: atomic absorption spectroscopy, new and old oil, index ratio, vehicle engine oil

Wear Particle Analysis of Engine Oil Used in Heavy Dumper Truck in Open Cast Mines

2019

Heavy mining equipment like dumpers dozers shovels are considered to the back bone of the industries. Majority of the production is completely relying upon this heavy equipment. So for obvious reason the periodic maintenance is considered to be one of the most important concerns for the industries. In this work the Atomic Emission Spectroscopic (AES) analysis has been done for 15W40 Engine oil used in a Komatsu 785 100 Ton capacity dumper. From the analysis the wear particle suspended in the lubricant has been analyzed and counted in terms of ppm. From these wear particle analysis the part which is under abnormal wear condition has been figured out. For the test purpose used lubrication oil has been collect ted at seven different hours of operation and the results of all these seven different hours has been compared.

Evaluation of Engine Parts Wear Using Nano Lubrication Oil in Agricultural Tractors

Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, 2012

Machinery management tries to control maintenance and operation costs by reducing agricultural machinery damages as well. Today, nanotechnology has an important role in reducing engine wear costs by using nano particles in engine oils. To study the effect of nano oil on agricultural engines, performance of eight Massey Ferguson model 399, tractors manufactured in Iran were studied. Each oil sample was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry. In addition, Particle Quantifier (PQ), total base number (TBN), viscosity, fuel and water pollution tests were also applied. The results showed that usage of nano diamond oil additive in agricultural tractor engines would reduce wear in cylinders, gaskets, drive shafts, gears, camshaft and valve mechanisms by 68 percent. Also reduced wear was shown in piston ring, bearing, gaskets and exhaust valves by 64 percent. Furthermore, fuel consumption proved a reduction of 21 percent compared to conventional oil use.

Determination of Tractor Engine Oil Change Interval Based on Material Properties

Materials

This article focuses on the issue of motor oils used in the engines of non-road mobile machinery (NRMM), more specifically tractors. The primary goal of the paper is to determine the appropriate replacement interval for these oils. The physical properties of the examined samples were first determined by conventional instruments. Furthermore, the concentrations of abrasive metals, contaminants, and additive elements were measured using an optical emission spectrometer. Lastly, the content of water, fuel, and glycol and the products of oxidation, nitration, and sulfation were determined by using infrared spectrometry. The measured values were compared to the limit values. Based on the processing and evaluation of these analyses, the overall condition of the oils was assessed and subsequently the optimal exchange interval of the examined oils was determined. In addition, a risk analysis of the outage was performed. Due to the high yields of crops, farmers can lose a significant amount ...

WEAR RATE MEASUREMENT (IC ENGINE) USING LUBRICANT OIL TESTING METHOD

Diesel engines are generally used for the automobile vehicles. These engine are the heart of the all the vehicles. Maintenance is the most important aspect for increasing Engine life which in turn increases the life of vehicle. Engine performances are directly depends upon the health of its components like piston, cylinder, cylinder head, crankshaft, cam shaft, connecting rod etc. Engines performances are also depend upon its lubricating oil. In this study, main aim is to the heath monitoring of the diesel engine components through the study of engine oil. In this paper the quality of engine oil which was changed, after different kilometers are measured. For this purpose Viscosity Test, Flash Point and Fire Point and Sulpher Test are used for the analysis of wear debris particles which is suspended in engine oil. These methods are very useful in engine oil analysis and provide important information about the condition of engine and whether it is needed to replace or maintain and it will also helpful for cost control. If the rates of these wear debris particles are high then it will indicate that engine is not in good condition and will require maintenance work. The aim of this paper is the condition monitoring of engine by preventing it to the upcoming failure through the study and analysis of the wear particles suspended in the engine oil since engine made through different particles such as engine block made from cast iron, piston made from the Aluminum alloy, crankshaft made from Cast iron etc. allow to determine where the chances of failure occur in the engine as the life of vehicle increases in term of Kilometers.