Development of T Lymphocytes in the Nasal-associated Lymphoid Tissue (NALT) from Growing Wistar Rats (original) (raw)
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Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 2000
The aim of the present report was to study in growing Wistar rats the development of immunocompetent cells in the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT). We found at day 4 postpartum, a high number of TCRg/d+ T cells and very few CD8a+, CD8b+, CD5+, TCRa/b+ T cells in BALT. The latter cells and CD4+ T cells increase with age. Even though T cells expressing TCRg/d outnumber those expressing TCRa/b early in development, until 45 days of age, a/b+ predominate over g/d+ T cells only in adult rats (60 days of age). Moreover, a predominance of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells over T-helper cells was found in 60 days old rats. Surprisingly, more CD8a+ than CD8b+ T cells in BALT are observed. The number of IgA+ B and CD4+ T cells found in the BALT increases with age. The early appearance Ð 4 days of age Ð of all T-cell phenotypes in BALT especially of g/d+ T cells may imply a bene®t to respond to inhaled antigen soon after birth.
Fetal and Postnatal Development of T-lymphocyte Subpopulations
Acta Veterinaria Brno, 2002
Changes in individual subpopulations of lymphocytes (mainly CD2 + , CD4 + and CD8 +) in primary and secondary lymphatic organs and circulating blood were observed in pig fetuses between days 51 and 112 of gestation, and in circulating blood in postnatal piglets. The technique of flow cytofluorimetry was used and binding of specific monoclonal antibodies was visualised using polyclonal antibodies against mouse or rat Ig marked with fluorochroms (PE and FITC). As soon as on day 51 of gestation, CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes were demonstrated in porcine thymus. Their relative and actual numbers continued to increase markedly. When this increase was expressed in terms of age with subsequent intrapolation, the changes in CD4 + /CD8 + phenotype expression could be expected around day 40, i.e. in the period, when thymus cortex and medulla are not yet morphologically differentiated. In the spleen only CD2 + cells were found on day 51 of gestation. Expression of lymphocytes with CD4 + and CD8 + receptors was shown on day 60. Their relative and actual numbers increased with age. This increase when expressed per whole organ made a difference of three orders of magnitude. In lymph nodes, only changes from day 90 were followed. In this secondary lymphatic organ, the percentage of T lymphocytes with CD4 + and CD8 + markers was higher than that in the spleen. The CD4 + /CD8 + ratio in spleen and thymus gradually decreased with advancing age to 1 with a slightly dominant CD4 + lymphocyte subpopulation. On the other hand, in lymph nodes of pig fetuses CD8 + lymphocytes prevailed (index 0.85). In the postnatal period, a marked increase of cytotoxic CD8 + lymphocytes occurred in peripheral blood of 28-day-old piglets. Thus the CD4 + /CD8 + index decreased from 1 to 0.2. This characteristic of lymphocyte subpopulations in circulating blood is also typical of adult individuals. The numbers of B lymphocytes with IgM receptors in circulating blood increased gradually from day 90 of prenatal development until day 28 h of postnatal life both in relative and actual terms.
Experimental Gerontology, 2000
We previously demonstrated that the rat thymus undergoes a progressive remodelling long before the appearance of typical signs of involution . Age-dependent remodelling of rat thymus. Morphological and cytofluorimetric analysis from birth up to one year of age. Eur. J. Cell. Biol. 76,[156][157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166]. To focus better on the complex remodelling that occurs in the rat immune system during the first year of life, we analysed the phenotype profile of thymocytes, and T lymphocytes from mesenteric lymph nodes and peripheral blood of the same animals by flow cytometry. Two experimental sets were performed simultaneously using the same animal strain, but starting and ending the study at different ages (15 days up to 300 days in the first experimental set, and 90 days up to 360 days of life in the second). In the rat these ages appear to be crucial not only for developmental, maturative and early involutional processes of the thymus, but also of the entire immune system. The main findings were the following: (1) in the thymus, CD8 Ϫ CD4 Ϫ cells increased, CD5 ϩ ab TCR Ϫ and CD8 ϩ CD4 ϩ thymocytes decreased, while the most mature cell subset appeared well preserved with ageing; (2) in the lymph nodes, T helper and T cytotoxic lymphocytes decreased in the most aged animals. Memory/activated CD4 ϩ CD45RC Ϫ T cells decreased, while naive/resting M. Capri et al. / Experimental Gerontology 35 (2000) 613-625 613 Experimental Gerontology 35 (2000) 613-625 www.elsevier.nl/locate/expgero 0531-5565/00/$ -see front matter ᭧ (M. Capri).
Journal of Experimental Medicine, 1975
The relative functional maturity of neonatal mouse spleen T- and B-cell populations was assessed by comparing the ability to respond to the thymic-independent antigen, DNP-Ficoll, or thymic-dependent SRBC by producing antibody in vitro. Although mouse spleen cells responded to DNP-Ficoll at an earlier age than they responded to SRBC or TNP-SRBC, the reason for the lag in the T-dependent response was confounded by the finding of high numbers of suppressor T lymphocytes in the neonatal spleen. Thus, small numbers of neonatal spleen T cells or thymocytes significantly decreased the in vitro antibody response of adult spleen cells. Although B lymphocytes appear to be functionally mature soon after birth, their acitivity may be modulated by an excess of suppressor T cells; e.g., the reconstitution of helper cell function in the neonatal spleen required anti-theta treatment before addition of adult helper cells. Suppressive activity attributable to T cells seems to play a dominant role in...
Isolation and characterization of mouse nasal-associated lymphoid tissue
Journal of Immunological Methods, 1997
A method for isolation of mouse nasal-associated lymphoid tissue NALT , which is a principal mucosal lymphoid tissue of the respiratory tract in rodents, was developed. The paired lymphoid organs could be separated from the upper jaw by peeling away the palate where NALT was localized bilaterally on the posterior side. About 3 = 10 5 lymphocytes could be obtained from one NALT fragment. The NALT lymphocyte fraction from normal BALBrc mice contained T-and B-cells in about equal numbers, and contained about 4 times as many CD4 q T-cells as CD8 q T-cells when analyzed with a FACScan fluorescence analyzer. The composition of the NALT lymphocytes was similar to that of the lymphocytes from the portion of the nasal cavity remaining after isolation of the NALT. The NALT lymphocyte fraction from mice infected 7 days previously with influenza virus was also characterized. The numbers of NALT T-and B-cells from the infected mice were approximately 2 and 3 times higher than those of non-infected mice, respectively. In parallel with the cell increase, NALT lymphocytes produced IFN-g when cultured for 24 h and contained cells secreting influenza virus-specific IgA and IgG antibodies. The results suggest that this method can be successfully used for investigating cellular dynamics of mucosal immunology in the upper respiratory tract.
Induction of antibody-secreting cells and T-helper and memory cells in murine nasal lymphoid tissue
Immunology, 1996
Intranasal (i.n.) immunization is an effective route for inducing mucosal immune responses especially in the upper respiratory tract and mouth. To characterize the cells involved in these responses, nasal lymphoid tissue (NALT; considered to be the equivalent of Waldeyer's ring in humans) of normal mice, and of mice immunized intranasally with a bacterial protein antigen conjugated to cholera toxin B subunit, was isolated and the lymphoid cells analysed according to surface phenotype, immunoglobulin and antibody secretion, and cytokine profile. Compared with cells obtained from Peyer's patches (PP), NALT cells contained a higher proportion of T cells, especially naive (CD45RB+hi) T-helper cells, and fewer surface (s)IgA+ cells. Both tissues contained high proportions of sIgM+ IgD+ unswitched B cells. After i.n. immunization, IgA antibody-secreting cells were increased, indicating that isotype switching and differentiation of B cells to IgA-secreting cells occurred in NALT, whereas smaller numbers of antibody-secreting cells were found in PP after intragastric (i.g.) immunization. Antigen-specific memory cells persisted in NALT for at least 8 months after initial immunization. The cytokine expression profiles of antigen-stimulated NALT and PP cells of immunized mice, revealed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of mRNA, were similar. Both NALT and PP cells tended to express type 2 earlier or for longer than type 1 cytokine mRNA, but NALT cells tended to express interleukin-4 (IL-4) earlier, and IL-5 for a longer period, than PP cells. Thus NALT shares with PP cell populations typical of a mucosal inductive site, including unswitched B cells and naive T-helper (Th) cells. After i.n. immunization, NALT has the capacity to provide help for B-cell maturation and differentiation, as well as to maintain immune memory. tric; i.g.) immunization, which stimulates the gut-associated lymphoid tissue represented by the Peyer's patches (PP) of the small intestine and other lymphoid follicles in the colon and rectum. In addition, the lower respiratory tract (at least in some
Development of T and B cell areas in peripheral lymphoid organs of the rat
The Anatomical Record, 1979
In the present study the early development of peripheral lymphoid organs (spleen, popliteal lymph node, mesenteric lymph node and Peyer's patches) is described in terms of homing patterns of T and B cells, demonstrated with immunohistoperoxidatic detection of characteristic membrane antigen in normal rats and with routine histology in neonatally thymectomized rats. In the first days after birth the peripheral lymphoid organs are almost exclusively populated by T cells. After neonatal thymectomy lymphocytes appear in the dome areas of Peyer's patches from four to six days after birth, in mesenteric and popliteal lymph nodes lymphocytes are found in the outer cortex from day 6 and day 8 respectively and in the marginal zone of the spleen from eight days onwards. These lymphocytes showed no membrane staining when reacted for T antigen with immunohistoperoxidatic techniques.
Blood B, T, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in female Wistar rats
Annals of Hematology, 1993
We have established reference values of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in healthy female Wistar rats under highly standardized conditions. Using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, T lymphocytes (OX19+), B lymphocytes (OX6 + and anti-Ig+), T-helper/inducer (W3/25 +), and T-suppressor/ cytotoxic subsets (OX8 +) were determined, from week 11 to week 21 after birth. The mean percentages of T and B lymphocytes with respect to total lymphocytes were 78.5% and 18%, respectively; the mean percentages of T-helper/inducer and T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells in relation to T lymphocytes were 59% and 25%, respectively (n =48). No difference in total leukocyte count, differential leukocyte analysis, or lymphocyte subsets was observed during the 10 weeks the rats were studied under standard housing conditions. Therefore, the period considered seems the most appropriate in which to carry out experiments that could involve lymphocyte subset disturbances.
Distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets in porcine lymphoid tissues
Immunology, 1987
The distribution of the functional subsets of porcine T cells, the cytolytic/suppressor (Tc/s) and the helper/inducer (Th/i) cells was studied in cryostat sections of thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer's patches, spleen and liver using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Three murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb) were used. The mAb 8/1 reacts with an antigen present on all T cells and on cells of the myeloid lineage; the antigen has not yet been characterized biochemically. The mAb 295/33 (anti-T8) binds to the porcine T8 antigen and defines the Tc/s subset, while mAb PT-4 (anti-T4) detects the porcine T4 antigen and defines the Th/i subset. Practically all thymocytes were stained by mAb 8/1. The majority of cortical thymocytes apparently co-expressed T8 and T4, whereas distinct fractions of medullary cells were labelled by either anti-T8 or anti-T4. In peripheral lymphoid organs all three mAb reacted with cells in the thymus-dependent areas and with cells scattered in the l...
Age Difference in Morphology and Immunohistology inthe Thymus and Spleen in Crl:CD (SD) Rats
Journal of toxicologic pathology, 2012
We investigated chronological changes in immunohistochemical phenotyping in the thymus and spleen in Crl:CD rats up to the age of about one year. In the thymus, T cells increased markedly from 3 to 4 weeks of age. Proliferating cells also increased markedly at these points. B cells tended towards an increase with age. In the spleen, white pulp increased until 9 weeks of age and remained fairly stable thereafter. In the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath and marginal zone, T cells gradually increased until 9 weeks of age and became almost flat thereafter. In the lymph follicle, T cells increased with age. B cells tended towards an increase with age in all areas of the spleen. It was concluded that development of the thymus was most marked from 3 to 4 weeks of age and that both the thymus and spleen had matured by 9 weeks of age.