Autobiographical memory begins and ends with the self : autobiographical memory, consciousness, the influence of stress and neural correlates (original) (raw)
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Autobiographical Memory, Begins and Ends with the Self
2003
Niepel I would like to thank for his gentle support, his sharp understanding, and for his caring concern. Above all, I would like to thank my parents for their endless loving and caring attitude and friendly patience. My gratefulness goes to my little daughter for her sweet patience letting her mother work while she also wanted to be very busy with writing herself…! Finally, my thoughts go to Marc Bastin for his friendship and practical help, to Dr. Luc Roelens for his comments.
Autobiographical memory and its critics
Understanding human life, 2022
Whenever we face a new problem, we recall the similar ones we encountered in the past, so we try to solve it with all the information available to us. Memory therefore serves to reveal our life story. This requires us to take a closer look at how memory plays such a role, and at the scientific methods used to demonstrate it. In his 1879 article on “Psychometric experiments,” Galton paved the way for such scientific study. His work made it possible to develop more satisfactory psychological approaches to the recollection of past events. By contrast, his approach to visual memory (1880) yielded far more questionable results. Examining the various psychological approaches to memory, we show that it was almost a century later that the cognitive approach to psychology took up these earlier studies to provide information on autobiographical memory. In particular, the problem of memory failures is critical for the use of autobiographical memory in a number of social sciences. Other approaches are possible, however. They were developed most notably by neuroscience and psychoanalysis, two sharply contrasting disciplines born at nearly the same time. Despite their differences, both approaches are based on the study of nervous diseases. We shall describe their points of convergence and, at the same time, the reasons for their incompatibility. We conclude with the replication crisis that has confronted psychology more recently and with the means to resolve it.
Autobiographical memory and autobiographical narrative NI
In this contribution I discuss the link existing between autobiographical memory and autobiographical narrative and, in this context, the concept of coherence. Starting from the Bruner's seminal concept of autobiographical self, I firstly analyze how autobiographical memories and autobiographical narrative influence each other and, somehow, mirror reciprocally and then I present some results of my previous studies using a methodology consisting in "narratingtranscribing-reading-narrating. " The results show that self narratives can have positive effects on the narrators if they are provided with a tool to reflect on their memories. Moreover these results show that autobiography in its double sidesthat of memory and that of narrative -is a process of continuous construction but also that this construction is deeply linked to social interactions.
Understanding Autobiographical Memory
2012
The field of autobiographical memory has made dramatic advances since the first collection of papers in the area was published in 1986. Now, over 25 years on, this book reviews and integrates the many theories, perspectives, and approaches that have evolved over the last decades. A truly eminent collection of editors and contributors appraise the basic neural systems of autobiographical memory; its underlying cognitive structures and retrieval processes; how it develops in infancy and childhood, and then breaks down in aging; its social and cultural aspects; and its relation to personality and the self. Autobiographical memory has demonstrated a strong ability to establish clear empirical generalizations, and has shown its practical relevance by deepening our understanding of several clinical disorders - as well as the induction of false memories in the legal system. It has also become an important topic for brain studies, and helped to enlarge our general understanding of the brain.
1986
The intensity and valence of 30 emotion terms, 30 events typical of those emotions, and 30 autobiographical memories cued by those emotions were each rated by different groups of 40 undergraduates. A vector model gave a consistently better account of the data than a circumplex model, both overall and in the absence of high-intensity, neutral valence stimuli. The Positive Activation Á Negative Activation (PANA) model could be tested at high levels of activation, where it is identical to the vector model. The results replicated when ratings of arousal were used instead of ratings of intensity for the events and autobiographical memories. A reanalysis of word norms gave further support for the vector and PANA models by demonstrating that neutral valence, high-arousal ratings resulted from the averaging of individual positive and negative valence ratings. Thus, compared to a circumplex model, vector and PANA models provided overall better fits.
The identity function of autobiographical memory: Time is on our side
Memory, 2003
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The functions of autobiographical memory: An integrative approach
Memory, 2014
Recent research in cognitive psychology has emphasised the uses, or functions, of autobiographical memory. Theoretical and empirical approaches have focused on a three-function model: autobiographical memory serves self, directive, and social functions. In the reminiscence literature other taxonomies and additional functions have been postulated. We examined the relationships between functions proposed by these literatures, in order to broaden conceptualisations and make links between research traditions. In Study 1 we combined two measures of individual differences in the uses of autobiographical memory. Our results suggested four classes of memory functions, which we labelled Reflective, Generative, Ruminative, and Social. In Study 2 we tested relationships between our four functions and broader individual differences, and found conceptually consistent relationships. In Study 3 we found that memories cued by Generative and Social functions were more emotionally positive than were memories cued by Reflective and Ruminative functions. In Study 4 we found that reported use of Generative functions increased across the lifespan, while reported use of the other three functions decreased. Overall our findings suggest a broader view of autobiographical memory functions that links them to ways in which people make meaning of their selves, their environment, and their social world more generally.
Investigating the structure of autobiographical memories
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1993
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