The dynamics of local employment in France (original) (raw)
Related papers
Employment and Regional Development in France
… and International Development, Vol. 1, No …, 2008
We present an econometric analysis, with a cross section sample of 22 French regions, that shows the significant impact of several factors on regional development. The main factors here considered are industry, tourism and public sector activities. The article also analyses the evolution of employment rates in France, in comparison with European Union and USA, as well as the regional distribution of the economic activities that favour employment and economic development. The period of analysis is 1960-2000 for national data and 1985-98 for regional data. JEL cla ssification: E24, J2, 018, 052, R23 1.-Employment and population in French regions The regional distribution of population and some economic activities like building and commercial services depend on the regional distribution of employment in industry, public sector, tourism and other variables that influence regional development. Several interregional econometric models have shown that important increases in real value-added of a region usually provoke an increase in employment and population, favouring a sustained rate of development. Increases in value-added come usually from non agrarian activities, like industry, public sector activities and tourism, as real value-added in agriculture usually has a lower capability of growth.
The Annals of Regional Science, 2014
This paper investigates the determinants of business start-ups in the 22 French regions, considering four different sectors (industry, real estate, trade and services) over 1995-2004. The main innovation of the paper was to analyze regional differences in the decision to start a new business on a sector basis. Using spatial statistics and dynamic panel data methods, we estimate spatial regimes models. First, we show that regional factors determining new firm start-ups differ between sectors. Second, the estimation results are consistent with the existence of spatial heterogeneity. Finally, we observe persistence in start-up rates. JEL Classification J21 • M13 • O18 M.-E. Binet (B) CREM,
The Annals of Regional Science, 2005
The aim of this article is to explain heterogeneities in French regional labor productivities since the mid-seventies at both aggregate and sectoral level. This paper extends the works of Baumol and of Barro and Salai-Martin, firstly by pointing out sources of growth linked to the new growth theories (research effort, size effects) and secondly by emphasizing the impact of cross-sectoral labor reallocations through a shift-share analysis. Our results show the importance of regional asymmetries and the key role played by the dynamic of sectoral composition in the convergence of labor productivities within France.
Spatial Externalities and Local Economic Growth
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics, 2002
A vast body of literature has addressed in the last decade the influence of local externalities on industry location and growth. This literature has, however, paid not too much attention to the wider scenario where such phenomena are rooted, that of an ongoing process of structural change which is transforming our economies from manufacturing to service ones. The main objective of this paper is to assess the role of a large set of potential determinants on the process of local agglomeration of economic activity distinguishing between manufacturing and service sectors. We focus on the case of Italy making use of a very ample database on socioeconomic indicators for 784 Local Labour Systems and 34 sectors over the period 1991-96. Our database covers both the manufacturing and the service sectors so that the whole economic system is considered. Our econometric results show that local growth in Italy is not a homogeneous process. On the contrary, it is characterized by significant differences across macro regions and especially across sectors. Among the most important determinants of local industry growth, it is worth mentioning the positive role of the diversity externalities. We also find robust evidence of the negative influence of specialisation externalities on labour dynamics at the local industry level. Moreover, we have assessed the effects of other determinants of local growth like human capital, social environment and network externalities. Finally, the spatial analysis shows that in the aggregate economy and also in some sectors there is spatial autocorrelation and, therefore, dynamic spatial models have to be estimated.
Local employment growth in West Germany: A dynamic panel approach
Labour Economics, 2006
In this paper we study the dynamics of local employment growth in West Germany from 1980 to 2001. Using dynamic panel techniques, we analyse the timing of the impact of diversity and specialisation, as well as of the human capital structure of local industries. Diversity has a positive effect on employment growth in the short run, which is stronger in manufacturing than in services. Concerning specialization we find evidence for mean reversion, which is inconsistent with the idea that growth emphasizes itself. But there is considerable inertia in this process. A positive effect of education is only found in manufacturing. Additionally, we look at the impact of firm size and regional wages on local employment growth.
The Entry And Exit Of Workers And The Growth Of Employment: An Analysis Of French Establishments
Review of Economics and Statistics, 1999
Using data that permit a distinction between flows of workers, directly measured, and job creation and destruction, again, directly measured, we develop employment and job flow statistics for a representative sample of French establishments for 1987 to 1990. Annual job creation can be characterized as hiring three persons and separating two for each job created in a given year.
From Unemployment to Work: a French Econometric Analysis with Spatial Constraints
The aim of our research is to analyze how the urban organization affects the unemployment-to-work transitions by considering several spatial indicators. This permits to capture two separate effects: "spatial mismatch" and "neighbourhood effects". In order to study the unemployment-to-work transitions, we implement survival models. They are applied on a sample obtained by merging three French databases: the "Trajectoires des demandeurs d'emplois" survey, the 1999 French census and finally, a database containing town inventory information. More precisely, in this paper, we analyze the duration of the first observed employment episode by using spatial indicators and by controlling three potential biases (endogeneity bias, selection bias and attrition bias).
Spillovers and the growth of local industries
The Journal of Industrial Economics, 2003
In this paper we investigate the nature and directions of inter-industry dynamic linkages across Italian manufacturing sectors. We perform a very disaggregated analysis in order to identify, for each 3-digit industry, which composition of industrial activity is more conducive to growth. We ¢nd that diversity matters for growth, but each industry needs its own diversity. We provide some evidence of clustering of industries based on dynamic externalities. We ¢nd that many spillovers occur within input-output relationships. They often originate in downstream sectors favouring the growth of upstream industries. Lastly, the importance of spillovers does not depend on the technological intensity of the industry. A theory which assumes that most technological change enters the economy`through a particular door', so to speak, might turn out to be much simpler, and therefore more elegant, than one which assumes that technological changes may be initiated, with equal probability, anywhere in the economy (Nathan Rosenberg, 1976, p. 31) i. introduction This paper investigates the nature and directions of inter-industry dynamic linkages across manufacturing sectors. We develop a much more disaggregated approach than the existing ones. Following Glaeser et al. [1992] and Henderson et al. [1995], we use employment data to provide indirect evidence of spillovers but, unlike previous works, we study the growth of all manufacturing sectors. More precisely, our dependent
A Spatial Analysis Of Endogenous Growth In Industry And Services In The Netherlands
ERSA conference papers, 2000
This paper brings together two important strands of literature on the relationship between knowledge spillovers and employment growth. The first strand tests for evidence of enogenous growth linked to knowledge and knowledge spillovers between economic agents within cities and the second tests whether knowledge spills over between economic agents in different locations. The link between these two topics is made by extending the work of Glaeser, Kallal, Schienkman, and Schliefer (1992) to develop a spatial lag model that allows employment growth in one location to affect growth in other locations. The empirical work presented focuses on the province of South-Holland, the Netherlands. A key finding reported here is that local industrial diversity and increased local competition tend to promote growth. Additionally results in this study suggest that knowledge spillovers in one location can lead to growth in other locations although the magnitude of this effect appears to be small.