Greek Tourism, Economic Crisis and Political Turmoil, Between Scylla and Charybdis (original) (raw)
Related papers
2019
Risk, security and health Presents a system for crowd management which integrates security with the other concerns for the health and safety for crowds, looking at the theories and practices of the management processes involved. The behaviours of crowds in situations of terrorism or disaster are unpredictable and, whilst traditional planning is initially used, a fixed plan only works when the crowd is compliant. This text highlights the complexity, the decisions under uncertainty and the long tail risks in order to successfully plan and maintain optimum safety. Structured into four sections (Risk, Management, Security and Health) with templates, explanation points and case studies throughout, each of the sections is written by global experts.
Contemporary approaches to planning for the safe management of crowds at mass gatherings
Mass gatherings are planned or spontaneous events where the number of people attending is sufficient to strain the planning and response resources of the host. They are characterised by the concentration of people on a predictable basis, in venues or precincts that are open, or enclosed. Examples include sporting (e.g. Summer and Winter Olympics, FIFA World Cup) and religious (e.g. Hajj, World Youth Day) events, cultural festivals and outdoor music festivals. Mass gatherings can also occur at train stations (e.g. London Underground, Paris Metro), shopping complexes (e.g. IKEA opening in London, annual store sales), business precincts and tourist attractions. Proper planning for mass gatherings involves an assessment of the attendant risk and the traditional risk assessment method is invariably used to identify and treat risks. Risk assessments for mass gatherings generally tend to deal with the traditional hazards and risks usually found at most workplaces without taking into account the dynamics of the crowd or those factors that influence its behaviour. Due to the sheer number of attendees, the nature of activity and potential patron behaviour, risk is always shifting and changing throughout the course of a mas gathering event. How risks can change over time is difficult to both visualise and articulate in the conventional risk assessment process, and the assignment of a single value can be both inappropriate and misleading. In addition, conventional risk assessment documents, particularly those that relate to crowd safety, are fundamentally flawed. Contemporary approaches to risk management, which consider the relevant phases of a mass gathering event such as ingress, circulation and egress and adopt techniques such as a Routes-Areas-Movement-Profile (RAMP) analysis and diagrammatic risk mapping, provide a more relevant, meaningful and valuable contribution to the assessment of (dynamic) crowd-related risks
Crowd science – A planning approach to safety at mass gatherings and events
Mass gatherings are planned or spontaneous events where the number of people attending is sufficient to strain the planning and response resources of the host. They are characterised by the concentration of people, generally on a predictable basis, in venues or precincts that are open or enclosed. Examples include sporting (e.g. Summer and Winter Olympics, FIFA World Cup) and religious (e.g. Hajj, World Youth Day) events, cultural festivals and music festivals. Mass gatherings can also occur at train stations (e.g. London Underground, Paris Metro), shopping complexes (e.g. IKEA opening in London, annual store sales), business precincts and tourist attractions. A number of studies and official inquiries have identified inadequate planning as a major contributory factor to deficiencies in crowd safety at mass gatherings. Proper planning involves an assessment of attendant safety risks using traditional risk assessment methods. These generally tend to deal with the hazards and risks usually found at most workplaces without taking into account the dynamics of the crowd or those factors that influence its behaviour. Insufficient attention to the way that people behave in a crowd, and the relationship between behaviour and system design, are major factors in crowd disasters. Due to the sheer number of attendees, the nature of activity and potential patron behaviour, risk is always shifting and changing throughout the course of a mas gathering event. How crowd-related safety risks can change over time is difficult to both visualise and articulate in the conventional risk assessment process. This paper presents contemporary and innovative approaches to risk analysis and monitoring for crowd safety which provide a more relevant, meaningful and valuable contribution to the assessment of (dynamic) crowd-related risks.
Global Tourism and Terrorism. Safety and Security Management
Symphonya. Emerging Issues in Management, 2016
In the last two years, some Mediterranean regions have obtained significant benefits from the contraction of large tourist investments marking contrasting trends, as in the case of Sardinia and other Italian and Spanish sub-regions (conceivably due to their perception as safer locations). In global tourism, security and safety have become complex issues with a wide range of components including consumer protection, legal protection of tourists, environmental security, disaster protection, data safety, personal safety in communication, quality assurance of services. The vulnerability of tourism to external negative events, such as tourism terrorism, has defined the increasing importance of tourism safety and security management in a global approach as an integral part of the tourism industry’s operations.
Terrorism, homeland safety and event management (G Skoll y M Korstanje)
Skoll, G. & Korstanje, M. “Terrorism, homeland safety and Event Management”. Volume 1, Issue 1. International Journal of Hospitality and Event Management. Disponible en http://www.inderscience.com/jhome.php?jcode=ijhem. ISSN 2050-0491. (Inderscience, UK)
Abstract: As the last attacks on Boston, terrorism is based not only on the speculation but also on surprise. Terrorist does not want to destroy or to kill every-body, its goal is aimed to inflict and administrate fear to the witnesses. The fact is that tourism and mega-events represented a fertile source to perpetrate terrorist attacks, not only for the casualties but also by the psychological effects on citizenry. This paper explores painstakingly the nature of terrorism by dint of the leisure contexts as well as propones a valid model to understand the connection among tourism, event management and terrorism. Keywords: terrorism; fear; event management; tourism; leisure; rules; surprise.
Terrorism, homeland safety and event management
International Journal of Hospitality and Event Management, 2014
As the last attacks on Boston, terrorism is based not only on the speculation but also on surprise. Terrorist does not want to destroy or to kill every-body, its goal is aimed to inflict and administrate fear to the witnesses. The fact is that tourism and mega-events represented a fertile source to perpetrate terrorist attacks, not only for the casualties but also by the psychological effects on citizenry. This paper explores painstakingly the nature of terrorism by dint of the leisure contexts as well as propones a valid model to understand the connection among tourism, event management and terrorism.
Safety and Security in Tourism. Case Study: Romania
For many countries, tourism is considered as having a great economic importance, with quite a large share in the country’s GDP. Hence, the number of foreign tourists is highly important. But worldwide, the threats and dangers are more frequent, and consequently tourists are becoming more aware of the necessity of a safe destination. Foreign tourists are educated in the spirit of touristic safety, and when choosing a particular destination, this aspect is of utmost importance. The image of the country or any touristic destination depends on the quality of the touristic products, which include not only the natural and cultural patrimony or the economic environment, but also the social and political climate, state order and citizens’ safety. A country with a good image for safe tourism can use it as a competitive advantage and attract different segments of the international tourism market. The paper presents some of the safety issues in tourism, focusing on the main aspects of tourism safety in Romania, based on the travel and tourism competitiveness index, with special focus on the third pillar – Safety and Security and the results of an on-line survey with managers and employees in tourism activities.
Corporate social responsibilities of stakeholders in terms of secure tourism at disasters and sustainable tourism governance , 2017
n the report published by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, it is stated that 90 percent of 6,457 natural disasters have been caused by floods, storms, hot air waves, drought, and other excessive climatic movements in the last 20 years. Tourists are sent from Turkey to important tourism centers of the world. Turkey is an attractive country with significant potential for different types of tourism movements. Turkey is gradually becoming one of the countries which are negatively affected by the natural disasters occurring depending on climate changes. Likewise, whirlwinds have almost become a routine in the Mediterranean Region, particularly in Mersin province. The dense population in touristic regions is also of similar importance in terms of terrorist attacks – another type of man-made disasters. The chaotic environment created by disasters also has a feature which might be utilized as a suitable opportunity for terror as well. New problem areas have been added to the service flow and problems within the ethical behavior codes of tourism agencies that have gained a classical value. How those who manage tourism can govern the possible risk and crisis processes and, if available, their acquired experiences that they have developed to ensure the safety of tourists have gradually become more important in the scenario of secure tourism. In conclusion, this proposed study envisages model study based on the cooperation networks likely to be developed with the relevant public, private, and civil actors by taking the views of the stakeholders in the tourism sector such as the hotels and agencies managing the Domestic and Foreign Tourism activities in İzmir in addition to the issue of what kind of a strategic action plan they make and should be made with respect to safe tourism in important touristic areas. Keywords: Secure Tourism, Risk and Crisis Analyses, Tourism Stakeholders, Disasters
Risk, Safety and Security among visitors to Istanbul
Tourism and Hospitality Research, 2020
Discourses concerning risk have become increasingly popular among tourism academics. While these cover a wide range of safety and security concerns, there is rather less of a focus on risk from conventional crime than on terrorist threats. In contrast, criminologists have written extensively about the actual and perceived risk of crime. Both tourism academics and criminologists have addressed the question of who is most concerned about crime, but in each case this analysis has focused on questioning people at one point in time. This paper differs in that it compares the perceptions of risk of those arriving on a visit to Istanbul with perceptions of safety among a similar sample of those returning from their trip. In the former case, we consider tourists' perceptions of risk prior to their arrival. In the latter case, their perceptions of safety after their trip, and the consequences of this for future visits, a key concern within the tourism industry.