The effect of glow discharge plasma on the surface properties of Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film (original) (raw)
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Vacuum, 2008
In this study, the adhesive properties of the plasma modified polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film surfaces have been investigated. Hydrophilicity of these polymer film surfaces was studied by contact angle measurements. The surface energy of the polymer films was calculated from contact angle data using Fowkes method. The chemical composition of the polymer films was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the changes in surface feature of the polymer surfaces due to plasma treatment. The adhesion strength of the plasma modified film was studied by T-peel strength test. The results showed a considerable improvement in surface wettability even for short exposure times. The AFM and XPS analyses showed changes in surface topography and formation of polar groups on the plasma modified PP and PET surfaces. These changes enhanced the adhesive properties of polymer film surfaces.
Investigation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) treated by low-temperature plasma
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology, 2010
Investigation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) treated by low-temperature plasma. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) surface was pre-treated by surface barrier discharge (DSBD) plasma at atmospheric pressure in various processing gases, and/or by radio-frequency discharge (RFD) plasma to improve its surface and adhesive properties. The changes in chemical structure of the polymer were analyzed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. The surface energy, and its polar contribution as well as peel strengths of adhesive joints to polyacrylate of PET modified by DSBD and/or RFD plasma significantly increased. The efficiency of modification depends on the kind of the discharge, used gases, power of plasma source, as well as on time of modification. The correlation between peel strength of adhesive joint of PET modified by DSBD plasma to polyacrylate and its surface energy has been found.
Surface characterization of polyethylene films modified by gaseous plasma
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2007
Of the several techniques available for surface modification, plasma processing has proved to be very appropriate. The low temperature plasma is a soft radiation source and it affects the material only over a few hundred angstroms deep, the bulk properties remaining unaffected. Plasma surface treatment also offers the advantage of greater chemical flexibility. The improvement in adhesion was studied by measuring T-peel strength. In addition, printability of plasma-treated PE films was studied by cross test method. It was found that printability increases considerably for plasma treatment of short duration. It was therefore thought of as interesting to study the surface composition and morphology by contact angle measurement, ESCA, and AFM. Surface energy and surface roughness can be directly correlated to the improvement in above-mentioned surface-related properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 449–457, 2007
Plasma treatment of polymers for surface and adhesion improvement
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2003
Different plasma treatments in a rf discharge of Ar, He, or N 2 are used to etch, cross-link, and activate polymers like PC, PP, EPDM, PE, PS, PET and PMMA. Due to the numerous ways a plasma interacts with the polymer surface, the gas type and the plasma conditions must be adjusted on the polymer type to minimize degradation and aging effects. Wetting and friction properties of polymers can be improved by a simple plasma treatment, demonstrated on PC and EPDM, respectively. However, the deposition of ultra-thin layers by plasma enables the adjustment of wetting properties, using siloxane-based or fluorocarbon films, and further reduction of the friction coefficient, applying siloxane or a-C:H coatings. Nevertheless, the adhesion of plasma-deposited coatings should be regarded, which can be enhanced by depositing a graded layer.
Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2007
Low-density polyethylene modified by atmospheric dielectric surface barrier discharge in oxygen using several methods -surface energy measurements, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and AFM have been investigated. The activation of LDPE by oxygen barrier plasma increased significantly the surface energy and its polar component even at very short time of modification. The surface energy of treated LDPE diminished in the course of ageing especially during 10 days after modification by barrier plasma. The ATR-FT-IR spectra manifest the presence of oxygenic, i.e. carbonyl functional groups on the surface of polymer pre-treated by oxygen barrier plasma. It was shown by SEM, and AFM, that the topography of the modified LDPE significantly changed and surface of modified polymer became higher roughness as compared to unmodified polymer.
Surface & Coatings Technology, 2011
An interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of poly(acrylamide-co-ethylene glycol) (p(AAm-co-EG)) hydrogel was covalently grafted to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) angioplasty balloons to increase surface hydrophilicity and improve lubricity. A 2-step graft polymerization protocol was followed to first polymerize and cross-link acrylamide onto the substrate with a photosensitizer and/or oxygen plasma pretreatment. The effects of varying photo-initiation and plasma exposure times were investigated separately and conjunctively using water contact angles to obtain optimal coating deposition parameters. A poly(ethylene glycol) network was then grafted by swelling the preexisting polyacrylamide network to allow inter-diffusion of the monomer and cross-linker, which were then polymerized by photoinitiation. When the photo-initiation time was long enough to reach near gelation, pretreatment of PET with oxygen plasma did not offer significant benefit. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of both polymer layers and composition depth profiles supported the assessment that an interpenetrating network was formed. Tensile testing and application of Weibull statistics on unmodified and modified films indicated that the surface modification approach did not significantly alter the mechanical integrity of the material. These findings indicate that a p(AAm-co-EG) coating can be effectively deposited on PET surfaces without compromising the structural integrity of the substrate.
On the Effect of Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment on the Properties of PET Film
Polymers
The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of non-thermal plasma treatment of an ultra-thin polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film on changes in its physicochemical properties and biodegradability. Plasma treatment using a dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor was carried out in air at room temperature and atmospheric pressure twice for 5 and 15 min, respectively. It has been shown that pre-treatment of the PET surface with non-thermal atmospheric plasma leads to changes in the physicochemical properties of this polymer. After plasma modification, the films showed a more developed surface compared to the control samples, which may be related to the surface etching and oxidation processes. After a 5-min plasma exposure, PET films were characterized by the highest wettability, i.e., the contact angle decreased by more than twice compared to the untreated samples. The differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed the influence of plasma pretreatment on crystallinity c...
Modification of surface properties of polyethylene by Ar plasma discharge
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2006
Polyethylene (PE) surface was modified by Ar plasma discharge. The changes of surface morphology and surface wettability (characterized by contact angle) were followed using AFM microscopy and standard goniometry, respectively. The changes of chemical structure of PE polymeric chain were characterized by FTIR and XPS techniques. A nanoindenter was used to study mechanical properties (microhardness, elasticity module and microscratch test) of modified PE. After exposition to the plasma discharge a fast decline of the contact angle is observed. The decline depends on the discharge power and the time elapsed from the plasma exposition. FTIR and XPS measurements indicate an oxidation of degraded polymeric chains and creation of hydroxyl, carbonyl, ether, ester and carboxyl groups. Surface morphology of modified PE depends on the plasma discharge power and exposure time. Maximum microhardness and elastic module, observed on PE specimens exposed to plasma discharge for 240 s, may be connected with PE crosslinking initiated by plasma discharge.
Polyethylene Terephthalate Film Surface Relaxation after Plasma Treatment
2000
This article describes relaxation processes of the Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film surface after two different plasma treatment methods. It has been found that after direct plasma treatment the PET film wetting angle returns into its initial value. The change of the wetting angle is related to the structural or chemical changes of the surface under atmospheric conditions. The surface was
Activation of polyethylene terephthalate using different plasma treatments
In this work, several types of plasma treatments were performed on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. Experimental results show that an increase in contact angle is related to an increase in the average roughness. Contact angle values vary from 71 to 84º, with average roughness values ranging between 3.3 and 7.2 nm for different surface treatments. FTIR in mode of attenuated total reflection show that there were no significant chemical changes in the material, while XRD reveals that there are no detectable changes in the structure of the polymers. The stress-strain curves are similar to the material without treatment: linear up to about 8 % of strain, followed by a plastic deformation. The Young modulus, yielding stress and strain of the materials stay, regarding the experimental error, within the values obtained for the untreated polymer: 2.1 GPa, 109.4 MPa and 153.3 MPa, respectively. The adhesion of the titanium nitride (TiN) to the polymer is very strong, without any traces of film removal, despite the test method: ASTM-D3359-97 or peeling test at 90°. The set of results shows that the plasma treatments are effective in promoting adhesion of functional thin films, without any degradation of the polymer's base properties (chemical, structural or even mechanical ones).