Oral candidiasis in patients with diabetes mellitus: a thorough analysis (original) (raw)
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Identification of Candidal Species from the Oral Cavity of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Groups
Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research, 2017
Diabetes mellitus is a common universal endocrine disorder with decreased host immunity towards infections. In these people the most common opportunistic infection is oral candidiasis. Oral candidiasis is most commonly caused by yeast like fungus Candida albicans. In healthy individuals these microorganisms are believed to be commensals but in diabetic patients, it forms severe colonization, even in the absence of any clinically evident oral candidiasis. This type of subclinical colonization can make them more prone to develop deeper mucosal colonization with further dissemination via blood. In the current study, we aimed to identify and compare the frequency of Candida spp. in the oral cavity of diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Materials and Methods: Swabs were taken from the mouth of 60 participants and were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium. The study was performed on two groups of diabetic patients (n=30) and nondiabetics (n=30) as the control group. The Candida spp. were identified by culture on CHROM agar Candida medium. Results: The frequency of Candida spp .was higher in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetics. The most frequent Candida spp. in the diabetic patients were Candida albicans (%36.66), C. krusei (%16.66), C. glabrata (%10.00), and C. tropcalis.(%3.33). Likewise, C. albicans was the most frequent species (%26.66) in the non-diabetic individuals. In this study, the results of both methods for identification of the isolates were consistent with each other. Conclusion: Xerostomia and disturbance of physiological factors including pH and glucose can promote overgrowth of Candida flora in the oral cavity. These factors are considered important predisposing factors for oral candidiasis in diabetic patients.
Identification of Candida species in the oral cavity of diabetic patients
Current Medical Mycology, 2016
Background and Purpose: Diabetic patients are more susceptible to oral candidiasis infection than non-diabetics due to the factors promoting oral carriage of Candida. Several factors can increase colonization of Candida species in the oral cavity such as xerostomia, which reduces the salivary flow and is a salivary pH disorder. In the current study, we aimed to identify and compare the colonization level of Candida spp. in the oral cavity of diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Materials and Methods: Swabs were taken from the mouth of 106 participants and were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium. Likewise, the saliva samples were collected for salivary glucose and pH measurements. The study was performed during June 2014-September 2015 on two groups of diabetic patients (n=58) and nondiabetics (n=48) as the control group. The Candida spp. were identified with PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using the restriction enzymes HinfI and MspI and were differentiated by culture on CHROMagar Candida medium. Results: The frequency of Candida spp .was higher in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetics. The most frequent Candida spp. in the diabetic patients were Candida albicans (%36.2), C. krusei (%10.4), C. glabrata (%5.1), and C. tropcalis.(%3.4)Likewise, C. albicans was the most frequent species (%27) in the non-diabetic individuals. In this study, the results of both methods for identification of the isolates were consistent with each other. Conclusion: Xerostomia and disturbance of physiological factors including pH and glucose can promote overgrowth of Candida flora in the oral cavity. These factors are considered important predisposing factors for oral candidiasis in diabetic patients. In the present study, it was observed that application of CHROMagar Candida and PCR-RFLP methods at the same time contributes to more accurate identification of isolates.
Brazilian oral research, 2015
The purpose of this study was to detect Candida spp. on the tongue and in the subgingival sites in healthy and type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), and to compare the accuracy of sampling methods. This study included 131 patients divided into four groups: healthy control (group A), nondiabetics + CP (Group B), diabetics with good metabolic control + CP (group C) and diabetics with poor glycoregulation + CP (Group D). Cotton swab samples from tongue and subgingival samples were obtained from each patient with help of sterile paper points and a sterile curette. Swab cultures were made on Sabouraud dextrose agar. The number of CFUs was counted. The sampling methods for subgingival plaque were compared by Receiving Operator Curve (ROC). The presence of Candida spp. on the tongue was statistically significant among groups (group D vs. others three groups: χ(2): p < 0.005 for each group). Positive findings of subgingival Candida spp. did not differ among the ...
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 2002
In this study, 55 diabetic patients and 45 non-diabetic control subjects were examined to determine oral candidal carriage state. The in¯uence of some local aetiologic and systemic factors such as: salivary¯ow rate and pH, heredity, alcohol drinking, smoking habits, antimicrobial therapy, wearing of denture, burning sensation, dry mouth, taste alteration and tooth brushing habit on candidal carriage rate were investigated. Imprint culture, cytological smears and biochemical tests were used. Oral carrier rate and density of Candida species were non-signi®cantly higher in the diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic control subjects. This increase was con®rmed cytologically too. In both groups, Candida albicans was found to be a predominant species on tongue dorsum. Cigarette and alcohol habits of men were higher while tooth brushing habit was less than in women in diabetic and control groups. Salivary¯ow rate and pH values of diabetic patients were signi®cantly lower while serum glucose values were signi®cantly higher than of non-diabetic controls. The rate of diabetic patients suffering from dry mouth and having diabetic heredity in the family were signi®cantly higher than control subjects. The candidal colonization was higher and keratinization was lower while diabetic treatment tended from diet and oral antidiabetic towards insulin. The decrease in salivary pH, the increase in serum glucose and wearing denture were correlated with the increased rate and density of C. albicans in both groups. Keratinization was also accompanied with the increase in leucocytes. In diabetic group, positive correlations were found between antimicrobial therapy and C. glabrata carriage; the increase in leucocytes and C. albicans carriage; the increase in keratinization and alcohol habit; serum glucose and smoking habit; dry mouth complaint and antimicrobial therapy. There was a negative correlation between salivary¯ow rate and C. albicans carriage. In control group a positive correlation was found between antimicrobial therapy and keratinization.
Candidiasis and Oral Cavity: A Review
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.6\_Issue.5\_May2019/Abstract\_IJRR0039.html, 2019
Oral Candida is opportunistic pathogen. Oral candidiasis is one of the common fungal infections, affecting the oral mucosa and is caused by Candida albicans. Candida pathogenicity is facilitated by a number of virulence factors, the most important of which are those for adherence to host tissues and medical devices, biofilm formation and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes. Assessment of predisposing factors plays a crucial role in the management of candidal infection. Carefully recording the medical history is important Topical antifungal therapy is the recommended first line treatment for uncomplicated oral candidiasis.
Journal of Fungi, 2021
Oral candidosis is the most common fungal infection that frequently occurs in patients debilitated by other diseases or conditions. No candidosis happens without a cause; hence oral candidosis has been branded as a disease of the diseased. Prior research has identified oral candidosis as a mark of systemic diseases, such as hematinic deficiency, diabetes mellitus, leukopenia, HIV/AIDS, malignancies, and carbohydrate-rich diet, drugs, or immunosuppressive conditions. An array of interaction between Candida and the host is dynamic and complex. Candida exhibits multifaceted strategies for growth, proliferation, evasion of host defenses, and survival within the host to induce fungal infection. Oral candidosis presents a variety of clinical forms, including pseudomembranous candidosis, erythematous candidosis, angular cheilitis, median rhomboid glossitis, cheilocandidosis, juxtavermillion candidosis, mucocutaneous candidosis, hyperplastic candidosis, oropharyngeal candidosis, and rare su...
Oral Candidiasis: An Overview and Case Report
Era's Journal of Medical Research
INTRODUCTION Oral candidiasis is common and under diagnosed among the elderly, particularly in those who wear dentures and in many cases is avoidable with a good mouth care regimen. It can also be a mark of systemic disease, such as diabetes mellitus and is a common problem among the immunocompromised. Oral candidiasis is caused by an overgrowth or infection of the oral cavity by a yeast-like fungus, candida (1-2). The important ones are C albicans, C tropicalis, C albicans, C glabrata, C glabrata and C tropicalis represent more than 80% of isolates from clinical infection (3). Oral candidiasis is the most common human fungal infection (4-5). Incidence of C albicans isolated from the oral cavity has been reported to be 45% in neonates, (6) 45%-65% of healthy children, (7) 30%-45% of healthy adults, (8-9) 50%-65% of people who wear removable dentures, (9) 65%-88% in those residing in acute and long term care facilities, (9-12) 90% of patients with acute leukaemia undergoing chemotherapy, (13) and 95% of patients with HIV (14). CASE REPORT Patient age 34 years old reported to department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery with chief complaint of pain and burning sensation on left and right side of buccal mucosa (Fig 1 & 2) since 30-35 days. Medical history revealed patient was on steroid therapy. No releavant habit history was given by the patient. On Intra-oral examination it was seen that the lesion extended from canine to second molar region bilaterally. Lesion appeared to be reddish white in color. On palpation lesion revealed well defined margin with everted buccal mucosa. Brush biopsy of the lesion was performed and sent for examination which revealed Candidiasis. Anti fungal therapy was started and successful results were obtained after 2 months. Knowledge regarding intra-oral lesions is very essential for dental surgeon to arrive at appropriate diagnosis which indeed helps to provide proper treatment to patient.
Biological and Biomedical Reports, 2012
Oral candidiasis, a frequent and important fungal condition of the oral cavity is caused by Candida species. There are few local factors that make the oral tissues susceptible to Candida infection. These factors include acid saliva, xerostomia, night use of prosthetic dentures, tobacco, carbohydrate richdiets and patients that receive radiotherapy and chemotherapy in maxillofacial structures. Maintenance of oral hygiene and early diagnosis of this condition is very important.