Processing and electromechanical properties of lanthanum-doped Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 extruded piezoelectric fibres (original) (raw)
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Manufacture and characterization of high activity piezoelectric fibres
Smart Materials & Structures, 2006
Piezoelectric fibres are finding increasing application in a variety of piezoelectric composites, including active fibre composites (AFCs). This paper describes the manufacture and characterization of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) fibres manufactured by viscous plastic processing (VPP). The manufacturing method will be described along with a systematic characterization of the macrostructure, microstructure, phase composition and low and high field piezoelectric properties. A comparison with other available PZT fibres will be made, which demonstrates that the VPP PZT fibres display high piezoelectric coefficients.
Thin Solid Films, 2014
We report the effect of Zr substitution for Ti on the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of lead-free (Bi 1/2 K 1/2)TiO 3 (BKT) ceramics. Dense ceramics of (Bi 1/2 K 1/2)(Zr x Ti 1Àx)O 3 with x up to 0.06 were fabricated by sintering of hydrothermally derived fine powders. The investigation of the crystal structure and dielectric properties revealed that the Zr substitution decreased the tetragonal lattice distortion of BKT and stabilized the relaxor state. The coercive electric field was found to be decreased monotonically with increasing the Zr content, while the largest remanent polarization of 26 lC cm À2 was observed at x = 0.04. As a result, the ceramic with x = 0.04 showed an enhanced piezoelectric d 33 constant of 140 pC N À1 .
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2009
A series of 0-3 composites of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and nylon77 was prepared with PZT volume fractions between 0.1 and 0.6 using the combined method of solvent casting and hot pressing. Depending upon the volume fraction of PZT, the relative permittivities of the composites were found to be in the range of 200-2000 when measured at the highest practically possible temperature of 200 C. As PZT volume fraction increases, both the relative permittivity and the piezoelectric constant d 33 increase. The best combination of electrical properties and flexibility was obtained in 0.5 PZT volume fraction composites. At this composition, the remanent polarization P r of composites was up to 1000 mC/ m 2 at the applied electric field of 40 MV/m and it increased with an increase in temperature. The highest piezoelectric strain coefficient d 33 was obtained at 17 pC/ N in 0.6 PZT volume fraction composites. V
Journal of The European Ceramic Society, 2011
Li/Na/K)(Nb/Ta/Sb)O 3 lead free piezoelectric materials (LTLS), "pure" or doped by 1 mass% ZrO 2 , were elaborated. The sintering was investigated both by classical way and buried in a powder-bed in order to prevent the alkali-elements losses. The effects of doping and of these processes on densification and piezoelectric properties (d 33 , k t and k p) were studied. The results demonstrated that the final densification is enhanced for ZrO 2 doped samples. The sintering in powder-bed clearly enhanced the piezoelectric properties. The best results corresponds to d 33 ≈ 180 pC/N and k t ≈ 45-50% for non-doped samples and, d 33 ≈ 150 pC/N, with k t ≈ 45-50% for ZrO 2 doped samples. Finally, the ultrasonic properties of piezoelectric transducers based upon these materials were also investigated experimentally and theoretically. The results clearly demonstrated that their bandwidth and sensitivity are suitable for use in piezoelectric transducers and comparable with similar PZT based transducers.
Smart thin-film piezoelectric composite sensors based on high lead zirconate titanate content
Structural Health Monitoring, 2014
Piezoelectric composites are hybrid materials primarily consisting of polymer matrices and micro-sized particles of ferroelectric ceramic. While incorporating high-fraction ceramic particles into composites is indispensable to meet the ever increasing requirement of sensitivity, it is a great challenge to achieve such a high concentration due to processing difficulties. In this study, we developed piezoelectric composites of 0-3 geometry containing 95 wt% (;73 vol%) lead zirconate titanate particles by modifying the surface of lead zirconate titanate particles with isophorone diisocyanate and polyoxyalkyleneamine (J2000) and compounding them with epoxy resin. The functional groups of J2000 molecules covalently grafted onto the particle surface can react with the matrix, thus creating a robust linkage between the matrix and the particles. This improved the particle dispersion and the interface, enabling the development of a superior composite film with high lead zirconate titanate fractions. Modified piezocomposites can save up to 75% poling time at 75% lower voltage in comparison with the unmodified sample as well as previous studies. The remarkable improvement is indebted to the two-stage interface modification process and the layer-by-layer fabrication method.
Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2007
In the present investigation we studied the effect of lead content on a hard type ceramics starting from lack to excess PbO. Specimens of Pb x (Mn 0.017 Sb 0.033 Zr 0.48 Ti 0.47)O 3 with 0.96 ≤ x ≤ 1.06 were prepared by conventional oxide mixing technique and sintered at temperatures between 1280 and 1350 • C. In samples with lower Pb concentration the pyrochlore phase appeared, while in those with higher Pb an excess of PbO phase was detected. These phases proved detrimental for the properties of sintered ceramics. The highest values of piezoelectric properties were observed only for samples with an excess lead of about 2% sintered at 1340 • C, indicating that it represents the optimum amount of PbO. For such samples, the density ρ was 7.77 g/cm 3 , the remnant polarization P r was 37 C/cm 3 the planar coupling coefficient k p was 0.57 and the charge constant d 33 was 340 pC/N.
2009 18th IEEE International Symposium on the Applications of Ferroelectrics, 2009
Using a torque-rheometer, ceramicpolymer extrudable mixtures were prepared to produce lead zirconate titanate (PZT) fibers through a coextrusion process. A 7.7 mm diameter PZT-polymer rod was coupled with a 24 mm diameter carbon blackpolymer shaped cylinder. This so called preform composite was extruded through a 1 mm die. By this method, 300 µm PZT fiber structures were successfully achieved. The microstructure and the electromechanical properties of these co-extruded sintered fibers were investigated and compared to 300 µm diameter fibers produced by simple thermoplastic extrusion. Although the co-extruded fibers showed similar microstructure properties and only a slightly higher porosity than the extruded ones, the electromechanical performance was noticeably inferior.
Preparation of PbTiO3Powder for a Flexible 0-3 Piezoelectric Composite
Sixth IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics, 1986
examined piezoelectnc ceramic polymer composites with different connectivity patterns. The piezoelectric properties of the composites depend, to a large extent, on the connectivity pattern of the constituent phases. A more extensive description of the work on ceramic-polymer composites can be found in recent review papers'). Lead titanate powders prepared by three different methods (mixed-oxide, sol-gel and co-precipitation) were synthesized as fillers for 0-3 composite transducers. As starting materials, Pb(~H30,),-3H,O and Ti(OC3H,)4 were used in the sol-gel method, Pb(N03)2 an TiC14 for the co-precipitation technique. The PbTi03 powder prepared by the co-precipitation method yielded more uniformly shaped powder than the powder prepared by the sol-gel or mixed-oxide method. 0-3 composites were prepared with these powders using Eccogel polymer. X-ray diffraction patterns of the PbTiO,-polymer composites prepared by the co-precipitation method before and after poling indicated that the composites were fully poled. The hydrostatic piezoelectric voltage and charge coefficient, gh and dh were about 97 (l O s V-~) and 43 ($&I), respectively. The hydrophone figure of merit dhgh was over 4000 (l@15mZ/N).These composites showed no significant aging effect.
Physica B: Condensed Matter, 2013
The perovskite Pb (1 À x) Ba x Zr 0.55 Ti 0.45 O 3 material (x ¼0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) was synthesized by solid state reaction route. Green bodies were sintered at 1250 1C. All samples were subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis and they were found to be in single phase. Dielectric properties were studied as a function of temperature and frequency. Ferroelectric properties were studied as a function of temperature. Remnant polarization, saturation polarization and coercive field were determined for all the samples using ferroelectric loops. Piezoelectric properties such as d 33 and electromechanical coupling factor (k p) were also measured at room temperature for all samples.