Who is Hispanic? Definitions and their consequences (original) (raw)
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Methodological implications of grouping Latino adolescents into one collective ethnic group
Hispanic Journal of Behavioral …, 2001
living in the United States. The measures demonstrated moderate to strong coefficients for certain Latino populations but considerably lower coefficients for other Latino groups. Furthermore, the concurrent validity of the MEIM and the FESM varied across Latino groups. Nationality, immigration history, and generational status are discussed as possible reasons for the divergent findings among groups. These findings call into question the grouping of Latino nationals into one homogenous population and have implications for researchers who study pan-ethnic populations (i.e., Latinos, Asians). Latinos are the second largest pan-ethnic minority group in the United States (Marger, 1997), and projections indicate that by the year 2050, one out of every four Americans will be Latino (Shinagawa & Jang, 1998). As a result of this rapid growth, researchers have become increasingly interested in understanding social processes among Latinos. Unfortunately, because Latinos are often considered a homogenous population in demographic reports such as the U.S. Census, most research has focused on a collective Latino population and little distinction among Latino populations
The Hispanic Population in the United States: March 1999
2000
Current Population Reports population. 4 Nearly two-thirds of all Hispanics were of Mexican origin (65.2 percent). People of Puerto Rican origin accounted for 9.6 percent of the total Hispanic population, while people of Cuban origin, Central and South American origin, and Other Hispanics each accounted for 4.3 percent, 14.3 percent, and 6.6 percent, respectively (see Figure 1). Educational Attainment Hispanics are less likely to have a high school diploma than non-Hispanic Whites. In March 1999, 27.8 percent of Hispanics 25 years of age and older had less than a 9 th grade education, 56.1 percent had a high school diploma or more, and about 10.9 percent had graduated from college This report provides statistics on the civilian noninstitutional Hispanic population of the United States, based on the March 1999 Current Population Survey (CPS). 1 Data are presented for the total Latino population and for specific ethnicities, such as Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin. 2 Comparable data for the overall population and the non-Hispanic White population are also included. The social and economic characteristics presented are educational attainment, employment status, marital and family composition, and poverty status. 3 Population Size and Composition One of nine people in the United States is of Hispanic Origin.
Ethnic Studies Review, 2004
The first national census was conducted in 1790, and has been repeated at ten year intervals ever since. While census taking has been consistent, the way individuals have been counted and categorized on the basis of race and ethnicity has varied over time. This paper examines how the official census definition of Latinos has changed over the twenty-two census periods. The modifications of the official definition of this group are discussed in relation to changes in national borders, variations in methodology used for census data gathering, and shifting political contexts.
Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 2007
Bureau, 2001). The word "Hispanic" refers to individuals of Latin American descent (including Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans, as well as other ethnic groups originating from Central and South America) and has been used interchangeably with the term "Latino." In 2003, Hispanics represented approximately 13% of the total U.S. population and are projected to double in percentage by the year 2050. The dramatic growth of the Hispanic population between the years 1990 to 2000 has resulted in sociodemographic changes and yielded much attention from researchers and policy makers. Studies examining these changes have highlighted the composition of the Latino population, underscoring that Mexican Americans constitute the largest Hispanic subgroup (58%) and that Hispanics in general, are younger compared to the rest of the U.S. population (Marotta & Garcia, 2003). Changes in this population have also included shifts in the trend of ethnic self-identification, with a significant growth of individuals identifying with pan-ethnic labels (e.g., Hispanic/Latino) than with national labels (e.g., Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban; Guzmán and McConnell, 2002). Ethnic iden
1971
Data on a variety of social and economic characteristics for persons and families of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and other Spanish origins and comparative data for the total white and Negro population are presented in this report. Tables contain information concerning population size, income, employment, education, and the family. It was determined that about 9 million persons identified themselves as being of Spanish origin in March 1971, including 5 million who were of Mexican origin and about 1 1/2 million who identified themselves as of Puerto Rican origin. The median family income in 1970 for all families of Spanish origin was lower than the median income for all white families but higher than that for black families. Unemployment rates were higher for persons of Spanish origin than the national average and about the same as the rate for men of Negro and other races. Among persons 25 to 29 years 1971 7. Labor force participation of persons 16 to 64 years old, by age, sex, and ethnic origin: March 1971 8. Unemployment rates for persons 16 to 64 years old, by age, sex, and ethnic origin: March 1971 10 9. Employed men 16 years old and over, by major occupation group and ethnic origin: March 1971 10. Percent of the population 25 years old and over who had completed less than 5 years of school or 4 years of high school or more, by ethnic origin: March 1971 12 11. Family relationship by ethnic origin: March 1971 13 12. Families by number of own children under 18, sex of head, and ethnic origin: March 1971