Cleaning of Root Canal System by Different Irrigation Methods (original) (raw)
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Revista de Odontologia da UNESP, 2014
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da irrigação ultrassônica passiva (IUP), utilizando os fluxos intermitente ou contínuo, e da irrigação manual convencional (IMC) na limpeza de canais radiculares, principal e laterais simulados. Material e método: Os canais radiculares de 24 dentes artificiais foram preparados e os canais laterais foram confeccionados nos terços médio e apical. Os espécimes foram divididos em três grupos: G1-IMC, G2-IUP 1 (fluxo intermitente) e G3-IUP 2 (fluxo contínuo). Os canais radiculares foram preenchidos com uma solução de contraste e as raízes foram radiografadas antes e após a irrigação. As imagens digitais foram importadas para o programa Image Tool 3.0 e as áreas do canal totalmente preenchidas com o contraste, e após a irrigação, com remanescente do contraste, foram mensuradas para obtenção de dados percentuais. A análise estatística entre os grupos foi realizada por meio dos testes ANOVA e Tuckey. Resultado: No terço apical, os grupos G2 e G3 (IUP) mostraram melhor limpeza do que o grupo G1 (IMC) (p<0.05). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos G2 e G3 (p>0.05). Conclusão: Irrigação ultrassônica passiva com fluxo intermitente promoveu melhor limpeza dos canais laterais simulados do que a irrigação manual convencional no terço apical do canal radicular. Não houve diferenças entre os grupos no canal principal e no terço médio. Descritores: Endodontia; irrigantes do canal radicular; ultrassom.
The influence of the final irrigation protocol on the efficiency of root canal cleaning
Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, 2019
Introduction/Objective. Irrigation has an important role in root canal cleaning and its efficiency depends on the type of irrigants, the amount, the technique and the irrigation protocol. The aim of this work was to estimate the efficiency of cleaning of the canal walls by using scanning electron microscope analysis after the instrumentation by rotary NiTi instruments with the use of three different irrigation solutions and two final irrigation protocols. Methods. Sixty extracted human incisors were divided into two groups after the rotary instrumentation with the iRace instruments. In both groups, the same amount (1.5 ml) of three solutions (2% sodium hypochlorite solution, 2% chlorhexidine solution, and 10% citric acid solution) and total final irrigation time (90 seconds) was the same. The final irrigation in the first group was accomplished using the technique of continuous irrigation and in the second group it was done using the intermittent protocol. The roots were cut longitu...
Cleaning the apical third of curved canals after different irrigation protocols
Brazilian Dental Journal, 2012
This study evaluated the protocols of sonic and vacuum irrigation regarding the capacity of debris removal from root canal systems. Canal preparations were carried out on 30 mandibular first molars using the ProTaper Universal System. Teeth were divided into two experimental groups (n=15): Group 1: sonic irrigation and Group 2: vacuum irrigation protocol. Subsequently, the mesial roots were sectioned and observed by stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Three independent examiners evaluated images of the apical thirds according to the following scores: 1= small presence of debris, 2= moderate presence of debris, and 3= dense presence of debris. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests (α=0.05). Comparison among the groups revealed that at the apical third, the root halves of Group 1 had significantly less surface debris (p=0.002) than those of Group 2. However, at 2 mm from the working length, Group 2's specimens showed less remaining debris in approximately 75% of the analyzed root canals. At the whole apical third, the sonic irrigation protocol removed significantly more debris than the vacuum protocol. However, in the region at 2 mm from the working length, the second irrigation method demonstrated a better performance.
Effect of Different Final Irrigation Activation Methods on Root Canal Cleanliness
2021
Aim: to evaluate canal cleanliness after using manual dynamic activation, passive ultrasonic irrigation and photoactivated disinfection in comparison with conventional needle irrigation, using scanning electron microscopy Methods: Sixty single rooted human premolars with nearly straight single canal were collected, the crowns of all teeth were removed near the level of cementoenamel junction to obtain approximately 15 ±1 mm uniform root lengths. After instrumentaion with ProTaper Next files up to X4 (40/06), roots were randomly divided into 4 equal groups (n=15) according to the method of final irrigation activation. Group I: Conventional needle and syringe irrigation. Group II: Manual dynamic activation. Group III: passive ultrasonic irrigation. Group IV: photoactivated disinfection. Canal cleanliness was evaluated with SEM using different magnification (X350- X1000). Results: Group III had the best cleanliness of the root canal while Group I had the worst cleanliness, there were s...
Egyptian Dental Journal /Egyptian Dental Journal, 2024
Background: The space for irrigant cleansing action that ultimate root canal dimensions is influenced by root canal size and taper. Aim of the study: to investigate the effect of minimal invasive endodontic preparation technique with different irrigation protocols on the cleanliness of extracted mandibular permanent molars. Materials and methods: A total of eighty extracted mandibular permanent molars were selected in this study. All teeth were divided into 4 groups depending on the taper and size of the file that was used for each group: group I: up to size 25 taper 0.04, group II: up to size 25 taper 0.06, group III: up to size 30 taper 0.04 and group IV: up to size 30 taper 0.06. Each group was randomly divided into two subgroups: In Subgroup A: traditional irrigation technique without activation of the irrigant while in Subgroup B: traditional irrigation technique with ultrasonic activation of the irrigant. Results: By using Chi square and Paired-t tests, when comparing the subgroup A to subgroup B of each group, it revealed significant difference between them regarding group I, group II and group III, but no significant difference between them regarding group IV in case of debris removal. But, it revealed no significant difference between them regarding smear layer removal except in group I. Conclusion: A root canal preparation to a size 25 taper 0.04 with irrigant activation resulted in significantly less residual debris in the root. In addition to, there is no significant difference in smear layer removal between all the groups.
Materials
The success of endodontic treatment relies on both apical and coronal sealing. To achieve a good three-dimensional seal, the removal of the smear layer becomes mandatory. This study aims to assess the difference in debris accumulation and smear layer formation while using automated root canal irrigation and conventional syringe needle irrigation. Single-rooted human mandibular premolar teeth (n = 30) which were indicated for orthodontic extractions were selected. An endodontic access cavity was prepared, and a glide path was created. Based on the irrigation protocol decided upon for the study, the teeth were randomly allocated into three study groups, namely Group 1, where the manual syringe needle irrigation method was adopted; Group 2, in which automated root canal irrigation was undertaken; and Group 3, in which teeth remained un-instrumented as it was considered the Control group. The teeth were decoronated at the cement-enamel junction (CEJ) and were subjected for scanning elec...
Cleaning Efficacy of Root Canal Irrigation with Positive and Negative Pressure System
Iranian endodontic journal, 2018
The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences between irrigant replacement in the positive and negative pressure irrigation systems regarding root canal cleaning efficacy. A total of 27 extracted single-root mandibular premolars with 18-20 mm root canal length were decoronated and equally divided into three groups (=9) based on the irrigation system used: positive irrigation with side-vented needle as the control group (C), positive irrigation with an open-ended needle as the first group (T1) and negative irrigation as the second group (T2). The root canals were irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl between each instrumentation, followed by a final irrigation with 5 mL of sterile distilled water. The irrigation replacements were monitored by means of computational fluid dynamic (CFD), while a scanning electrone microscope (SEM) was used to observe the smear layers and plug evaluations after the teeth had been sectioned longitudinally and buccolingually halves subsequently cut in apic...
Journal of Endodontics, 2011
Introduction: The complex anatomy of the root canal system has been shown to limit the penetration of irrigating solutions into the apical third; hence, the aim of this study was to determine whether the use of a patency file is related to the presence of a radiopaque irrigating solution in the apical third of human root canals after using passive ultrasonic activation in vivo. Methods: Forty human root canals were randomly divided into two groups. Apical patency was maintained in one group (n = 21) during shaping and cleaning procedures with a no. 10 K-file 1 mm beyond the working length (WL) but not in the other group (n = 19). In both groups, the canals were shaped with the Pro Taper system (Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Irrigation was performed with 1 mL of a solution prepared with a radiopaque contrast medium and sodium hypochlorite 5.25%, and then passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) was applied after the shaping procedure. Digital images were taken, and a calibrated reader determined the presence or absence of the irrigating solution in the apical third. Results: There were significantly more canals with irrigant in the apical third after PUI when apical patency was maintained with a no. 10 file 1 mm beyond the WL than when apical patency was not maintained throughout the cleaning and shaping procedures (P = .02). Conclusions: Maintaining apical patency and then using PUI improves the delivery of irrigants into the apical third of human root canals.
The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 2014
ABSTRACTAimThis study compared the efficacy of conventional, endovac and ultrasonic irrigation system for the removal of debris from root canal walls, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at cervical, middle and apical 3rd.Materials and methodsA total of 30 freshly extracted human mandibular premolars with complete root formation were selected and divided into group 1 endovac, group 2 conventional and group 3 ultrasonic. After instrumentation and irrigation, the teeth were sectioned in buccolingual direction and analyzed by SEM and the results were analyzed statistically by students unpaired ‘t’ test.ResultsThere was significant difference between mean values of cervical (CV), middle (M), and apical (A) when endovac compared with conventional and conventional compared with ultrasonic group (i.e. < 0.05) and no significant difference between mean values at CV, M and A when endovac compared with ultrasonic group.ConclusionAmong all groups ultrasonic and endovac group showed cle...
Alkahtani, A., T. D. Al Khudhairi, et al. (2014). "A comparative study of the debridement efficacy and apical extrusion of dynamic and passive root canal irrigation systems." BMC Oral Health 14: 12. BACKGROUND: Root canal irrigation carries a risk of extrusion of irrigant into the periapical tissues which can be associated with pain, swelling, and tissue damage. Studies have shown less extrusion with sonic or apical negative pressure devices compared with syringe and side-port needle or passive ultrasonic irrigation with continuous irrigant flow. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the EndoVac irrigation system, regarding 1) debris removal and 2) the control of apically extruded irrigating solution. METHODS: Fifty extracted human single-rooted teeth were used in this study. The teeth were then randomly divided into three experimental groups according to the type of irrigation used and one control group. In group 1, irrigation was performed using the EndoVac irrigation system. In group 2, irrigation was performed using a 30-gauge, tip-vented irrigation needle. In group 3, irrigation was performed using a 30-gauge, side-vented irrigation needle. The control group received instrumentation with no irrigation to serve as a control for cleaning efficiency. Root canal instrumentation was performed using the Profile NiTi rotary system with a crown-down technique. All of the experimental teeth were irrigated with the same amount of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. The amount of extruded irrigating solution was then measured by subtracting the post-instrumentation weight from the pre-instrumentation weight using an electronic balance. The cleanliness of debris removal was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: EndoVac irrigation had the least amount of extrusion followed by the side-vented and tip-vented method. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P <0.01). As for the cleaning results, the debris collection in the EndoVac and tip-vented groups was the least in the apical third. In the control and the side-vented groups, the debris was the greatest in the apical third, but this difference was not significant among the three experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS: The EndoVac irrigation system extruded significantly less irrigant solution than either needle irrigation system. Debris collection was the least in the apical third for the EndoVac irrigation system. No significant difference was found in the cleaning efficiency among the three irrigation systems.