Impact of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Plant: A Critical Review (original) (raw)
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Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017
The concentrations of engineered metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have increased in the environment due to increasing demand of NPs based products. This is causing a major concern for sustainable agriculture. This review presents the effects of NPs on agricultural crops at biochemical, physiological and molecular levels. Numerous studies showed that metal and metal oxide NPs affected the growth, yield and quality of important agricultural crops. The NPs altered mineral nutrition, photosynthesis and caused oxidative stress and induced genotoxicity in crops. The activities of antioxidant enzymes increased at low NPs toxicity while decreased at higher NPs toxicity in crops. Due to exposure of crop plants to NPs, the concentration of NPs increased in different plant parts including fruits and grains which could transfer to the food chain and pose a threat to human health. In conclusion, most of the NPs have both positive and negative effects on crops at physiological, morphological, biochemical and molecular levels. The effects of NPs on crop plants vary greatly with plant species, growth stages, growth conditions, method, dose, and duration of NPs exposure along with other factors. Further research orientation is also discussed in this review article.
Metal Nanoparticles – Their Use and Impact on Plants Growing in Laboratory Conditions
Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica, 2019
There is an increasing interest in nanotechnology all around the world. Nanoparticles differ from the classic material from which they are made in that they change their physical and chemical properties below certain sizes. Thanks to these properties, they are used both in scientific research, medicine and industry, and in recent years also in agriculture. Depending on the type of metal and size of the particules, however, their impact on plant development varies. There are different reports concerning the impact of nanoparticles on the growth and development of plants. In this paper, we gather the knowledge acquired up to now on the interactions of specified nanoparticles-of gold, silver, copper and platinum with plants cultivated in laboratory conditions. The existing research does not allow us to determine unequivocally what impact nanometals have on the plants. The properties that make them unique may have both a negative and positive impact on plants. In a great deal of research, the impact of the nanoparticles on the decrease of the plants' growth and formation of sorter shoots and roots was observed. A high concentration of nanoparticles was also decreasing the chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance rates. The contact of plants with nanoparticles was also manifesting itself by an increased oxidative stress, as a result of which in plant tissues, an overproduction of reactive oxygen species damaging lipids of the cell membrane and the DNA was observed. A slower regeneration of plants and their dieback was frequently observed in the case of the addition of nanoparticles to nutrient mediums in the in vitro cultures. By carrying out a series of research with the use of nanoparticles, researchers concluded that their appropriate concentrations may be used in order to improve seed germination, increase growth and plant production as well as their protection and improvement of production of bioactive compounds.
A Comprehensive Review of Nanoparticles Induced Stress and Toxicity in Plants
Universal Journal of Green Chemistry
Increasing demand for engineered Nanomaterial (ENMs) that have been widely applied in plant systems, for the improvement of quality, development, growth, nutritive value, and gene preservation. The uptake, translocation, biotransformation, and the associated perils of application of Nanomaterial in the crops demand a much deeper understanding of the biochemical, physiological, and molecular mechanisms of the florae in relation to nanoparticles (NPs). Interaction between different plant parts and NPs resulted in various changes in physiology, morphology, and genotoxicity, indicating positive as well as negative feedback by NMs over the various mechanisms of the plants and their species. NMs may open new and safer opportunities for smart delivery of biomolecules and new strategies in plant genetic engineering, with the final aim to enhance plant defense and/or stimulate plant growth and development and, ultimately, crop production. This review summarizes the current understanding and ...
Developmental phytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles to Arabidopsis thaliana
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2010
Phytotoxicity is an important consideration to understand the potential environmental impacts of manufactured nanomaterials. Here, we report on the effects of four metal oxide nanoparticles, aluminum oxide (nAl 2 O 3 ), silicon dioxide (nSiO 2 ), magnetite (nFe 3 O 4 ), and zinc oxide (nZnO), on the development of Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress). Three toxicity indicators (seed germination, root elongation, and number of leaves) were quantified following exposure to each nanoparticle at three concentrations: 400, 2,000, and 4,000 mg/L. Among these particles, nZnO was most phytotoxic, followed by nFe 3 O 4 , nSiO 2 , and nAl 2 O 3 , which was not toxic. Consequently, nZnO was further studied to discern the importance of particle size and zinc dissolution as toxicity determinants. Soluble zinc concentrations in nanoparticle suspensions were 33-fold lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration of dissolved zinc salt (ZnCl 2 ), indicating that zinc dissolution could not solely account for the observed toxicity. Inhibition of seed germination by ZnO depended on particle size, with nanoparticles exerting higher toxicity than larger (micron-sized) particles at equivalent concentrations. Overall, this study shows that direct exposure to nanoparticles significantly contributed to phytotoxicity and underscores the need for eco-responsible disposal of wastes and sludge containing metal oxide nanoparticles. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:669-675. # 2009 SETAC
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF CROP PLANTS TO METAL AND CARBON NANOPARTICLES (Atena Editora)
PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF CROP PLANTS TO METAL AND CARBON NANOPARTICLES (Atena Editora), 2022
The fast development ofnanotechnology (NT) and the applicationof metal and carbon nanoparticles (NPs) toplants, disturbs their metabolic processesand influences positively or harmfully themorphophysiological responses. Numeroustypes of NPs employed as plant growthregulators, nanopesticides and nanofertilizers,have shown promising evidence so far forincreasing crop yields, and managing salt andwater stress at the field. Some metal-basedNPs are considered a biosafe material fororganisms. Earlier studies have demonstratedthe potential of some NPs for seed germinationstimulation and plant growth, as well as diseasesuppression and plant protection by virtue oftheir antimicrobial activity. In this article bothpositive and negative effects of metallic andcarbon NPs on plant growth and metabolismare documented. Uptake, translocation, andaccumulation of NPs by plants depend uponthe distinct features of the NPs as well as onthe physiology of the host plant. This reviewcontributes to the current understandingof the outcome of NPs in cultivated plants,their absorption, translocation, physiologicalresponses, and mitigation impacts to variousadverse conditions on plant growth. Theresults presented here correspond to theevaluation of NPs in more than 30 crops,belonging to 19 plant families.
Journal of Botany, 2012
Nanoparticles (NPs) are characterized by their small size (less than 100 nm) and large surface area, which confer specific physicochemical properties as strength, electrical, and optical features. NPs can be derived from natural or anthropic sources, such as engineered or unwanted/incidental NPs. The composition, dimension, and morphology of engineered NPs enable their use in a variety of areas, such as electronic, biomedical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, energy, environmental, catalysis, and materials science. As nanotechnology is an innovative and scientific growth area with an exponential production, more information is needed concerning the impacts of these nanomaterials (NMs) in the environment and, particularly, in animals/humans health and in plants performance. So, research on NPs as emerging contaminants is therefore a new field in environmental health. This minireview describes, briefly, the NPs characterization and their occurrence in the environment stating air, water, and ...
INTERACTIONS OF PLANTS WITH NOBLE METAL NANOPARTICLES (review)
Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya, 2017
Gold and silver nanoparticles are used in a variety of biomedical practice as carriers of drugs, enhancers and/or converters of optical signal, immunomarkers, etc. The review examines a decade publications (2007-2016) pertaining to the various influence of nanoparticles of noble metals (gold and silver) on growth and productivity of higher plants. In fact, possible phytotoxicity of these nanoparticles is being actively studied for over 10 years. The topicality of this field of research is due to the detection of a number of natural and human-caused factors resulting in interactions of plants with nanoparticles (B.P. Colman et al., 2013; N.G. Khlebtsov et al., 2011). A positive or negative impact of nanoparticles on plants is little known, and the information is very contradictory (P. Manchikanti et al., 2010; M. Carrière et al., 2012; C. Remédios et al., 2012; N. Zuverza-Mena et al., 2016). In the study both model (Arabidopsis thaliana) and cultivated plants (soy, canola, beans, rice, radish, tomato, pumpkin, etc.) were involved. The discussed data are indicative of both positive and negative effects of metal nanoparticles on plants, as well as of the chemical nature, size, shape, surface charge, and the dose introduced being the major factors that are responsible for the processes of intracellular nanoparticle penetration. In general terms, it was mentioned that silver nanoparticles were more toxic as compared to gold ones being due to more active silver ion diffusion from the silver nanoparticle surface. Silver ions are known to inhibit effectively biosynthesis of ethylene-a phytohormone controlling processes of plant stress, aging etc., wherein gold ions do not influence ethylene biosynthesis and signaling. Considered all, metal ion toxicity exceeds considerably a toxicity of nanoparticles. The mechanism of the nanoparticle phytotoxic action is often connected with accumulation of active oxygen species in plant tissues. The use of cell suspension cultures may be a promising approach to study plant-nanoparticles interaction (E. Planchet et al., 2015). The period during which these studies are conducted is still small for elucidating all aspects with regard to biosafety. Contradictory (often conflicting) information on the impact of nanoparticles, in our opinion, is a result of diverse experimental conditions used. It is noted that while being clearly incomplete and contradictory, the obtained data suggest that a coordinated research program is needed that would detect correlations between particle parameters, experimental design, and the observed biological effects.
Assay-Dependent Phytotoxicity of Nanoparticles to Plants
Environmental Science & Technology, 2009
The effects of five nanomaterials (multiwalled carbon nanotubes [MWCNTs], Ag, Cu, ZnO, Si) and their corresponding bulk counterparts on seed germination, root elongation, and biomass of Cucurbita pepo (zucchini) were investigated. The plants were grown in hydroponic solutions amended with nanoparticles or bulk material suspensions at 1000 mg/L. Seed germination was unaffected by any of the treatments, but Cu nanoparticles reduced emerging root length by 77% and 64% relative to unamended controls and seeds exposed to bulk Cu powder, respectively. During a 15-day hydroponic trial, the biomass of plants exposed to MWCNTs and Ag nanoparticles was reduced by 60% and 75%, respectively, as compared to control plants and corresponding bulk carbon and Ag powder solutions. Although bulk Cu powder reduced biomass by 69%, Cu nanoparticle exposure resulted in 90% reduction relative to control plants. Both Ag and Cu ion controls (1-1000 mg/L) and supernatant from centrifuged nanoparticle solutions (1000 mg/ L) indicate that half the observed phytotoxicity is from the elemental nanoparticles themselves. The biomass and transpiration volume of zucchini exposed to Ag nanoparticles or bulk powder at 0-1000 mg/mL for 17 days was measured. Exposure to Ag nanoparticles at 500 and 100 mg/L resulted in 57% and 41% decreases in plant biomass and transpiration, respectively, as compared to controls or to plants exposed to bulk Ag. On average, zucchini shoots exposed to Ag nanoparticles contained 4.7 greater Ag concentration than did the plants from the corresponding bulk solutions. These findings demonstrate that standard phytotoxicity tests such as germination and root elongation may not be sensitive enough or appropriate when evaluating nanoparticle toxicity to terrestrial plant species.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2013
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs), increasingly used in industry, enter and migrate through biological ecosystems. NPs may create some acute toxicity, but their overall effects on living organisms remain largely unknown. In particular, the behavior of NPs in natural conditions and their consequent ecological effects are still poorly understood. In this study, we developed methods to test the phytotoxicity of two distinctly different NPs, one aerosol (nano-TiO 2 ) , and the other colloidal silver (AgNP), by specifically considering their tendencies to agglomerate and form precipitates. First we examined effects of these NPs on germination and root elongation. While exposure to neither of these NPs resulted in acute toxicity on germination, silver NPs caused significantly decreased root elongation at every concentration we tested. We found that the hydrodynamic diameters of AgNPs were much smaller than those of nano-TiO 2 , which induced higher uptake and phytotoxicity. Based on the agglomeration behavior of the NPs, greenhouse trials were run using commercial soil, for nano-TiO 2, and Hoagland's solution, for AgNP. Phytotoxicity of silver NPs in the mature plants was demonstrated by lower chlorophyll contents, higher superoxide dismutase activity and less fruit productivity, while nano-TiO 2 resulted in higher superoxide dismutase activity at the highest concentration (5000 mg/kg). Both nano-TiO 2 and AgNPs were taken up into plant stems, leaves and fruits. Our results suggest that further studies of the ecological effects of nanoparticles and steps to mitigate appropriate management strategies are required.
Positive and negative effects of nanoparticles on plants and their applications in agriculture
Plant Science Today
Nanotechnology is the promising field with its wide applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutical science, drug targeting, nano-medicine and other research areas. This review highlights the positive and negative impact of nanoparticles on plants and its wide applications in agricultural sciences. Effect of NPs in terms of seed germination, growth promotion and enhancement of metabolic rate has been evaluated by several scientific researches. However, NPs also exert their negative effects such as suppression of plant growth, inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic efficiency etc. Effects of NPs can be either positive or negative it depending upon the plant species and type of nanoparticles used & its concentration. Modern nano-biotechnological tools have a great potential to increase food quality, global food production, plant protection, detection of plant and animal diseases, monitoring of plant growth nano-fertilizers, nano-pesticide, nano-herbicides and nano-fungicides.