Facial race and sex cues have a comparable influence on emotion recognition in Chinese and Australian participants (original) (raw)
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An investigation of the effect of race-based social categorization on adults' recognition of emotion
PloS one, 2018
Emotion recognition is important for social interaction and communication, yet previous research has identified a cross-cultural emotion recognition deficit: Recognition is less accurate for emotions expressed by individuals from a cultural group different than one's own. The current study examined whether social categorization based on race, in the absence of cultural differences, influences emotion recognition in a diverse context. South Asian and White Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area completed an emotion recognition task that required them to identify the seven basic emotional expressions when posed by members of the same two groups, allowing us to tease apart the contributions of culture and social group membership. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no mutual in-group advantage in emotion recognition: Participants were not more accurate at recognizing emotions posed by their respective racial in-groups. Both groups were more accurate at recognizing expressions when...
Effects of Racial Background and Sex on Identifying Facial Expressions and Person Perception
Psi Chi journal of undergraduate research, 2002
This study investigated the ability to accurately identify facial expressions of emotions of people of varying racial background: Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White. Through the use of a Person Perception Questionnaire and a Pictorial Test, 151 participants identified facial expressions of anger, disgust, fear, and sadness based as a function of the target individual's racial background and sex. Results indicated that for the emotions of anger, disgust, and sadness, there were significant interactions based on the individual's target race and sex. In addition, there were significant findings for the emotions of anger and fear identified in the White target individuals compared to the target individual typifying other races. We also found significant differences in the way women were perceived, compared to men, in social, intellectual, and favorability trait scores. These results may be applied in the areas of marketing and multicultural education to educate others concerning the differences in emotional expression across cultures.
Race and Sex in the Perception of Emotion
Journal of Social Issues, 1972
A factorial design was utilized to investigate the effects of race of expresser (black or white), sex of expresser, race of perceiver (black or white), and sex of perceiver on the perception of emotion (POE), employing seven emotions (anger, happiness, surprise, fear, disgust, pain, and sadness). Overall results indicate significant main effects: for race of expresser (whites were more accurately perceived), for sex of expresser (females were more accurately perceived), for race of perceiver (blacks were more accurately perceived). There was no significant effect associated with sex of perceiver.
Emotion, 2012
The question as to whether poser race affects the happy categorization advantage, the faster categorization of happy than of negative emotional expressions, has been answered inconsistently. found the happy categorization advantage only for own race faces whereas faster categorization of angry expressions was evident for other race faces. Kubota and Ito found a happy categorization advantage for both own race and other race faces. These results have vastly different implications for understanding the influence of race cues on the processing of emotional expressions. The current study replicates the results of both prior studies and indicates that face type (computer-generated vs. photographic), presentation duration, and especially stimulus set size influence the happy categorization advantage as well as the moderating effect of poser race.
“We All Look the Same to Me” Positive Emotions Eliminate the Own-Race Bias in Face Recognition
Psychological Science, 2005
Extrapolating from the broaden-and-build theory, we hypothesized that positive emotion may reduce the own-race bias in facial recognition. In Experiments 1 and 2, Caucasian participants (N 5 89) viewed Black and White faces for a recognition task. They viewed videos eliciting joy, fear, or neutrality before the learning (Experiment 1) or testing (Experiment 2) stages of the task. Results reliably supported the hypothesis. Relative to fear or a neutral state, joy experienced before either stage improved recognition of Black faces and significantly reduced the own-race bias. Discussion centers on possible mechanisms for this reduction of the own-race bias, including improvements in holistic processing and promotion of a common in-group identity due to positive emotions.
Cognition and Emotion, 2016
Facial race and sex cues can influence the magnitude of the happy categorisation advantage. It has been proposed that implicit race or sex based evaluations drive this influence. Within this account a uniform influence of social category cues on the happy categorisation advantage should be observed for all negative expressions. Support has been shown with angry and sad expressions but evidence to the contrary has been found for fearful expressions. To determine the generality of the evaluative congruence account, participants categorised happiness with either sadness, fear, or surprise displayed on White male as well as White female, Black male or Black female faces across three experiments. Faster categorisation of happy than negative expressions was observed for female faces when presented among White male faces, and for White male faces when presented among Black male faces. These results support the evaluative congruence account when both positive and negative expressions are presented.
The influence of multiple social categories on emotion perception
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2018
Although the human face provides multiple sources of social information concurrently (race, sex, age, etc.), the majority of studies investigating how social category cues influence emotional expression perception have investigated the influence of only one social category at a time. Only a couple of studies have investigated how race and sex cues concurrently influence emotion perception and these studies have produced mixed results. In addition, the concurrent influence of age and sex cues on emotion perception has not been investigated. To address this, participants categorized happy and angry expressions on faces varying in race (Black and White) and sex (Experiments 1a and 1b) or age (older adult and young adult) and sex (Experiment 2). In Experiments 1a and 1b, results indicated that sex but not race influenced emotion categorization. Participants were, on average, faster to categorize happiness than anger on female, but not on male faces. In Experiment 2, both the age and the sex of the face independently influenced emotion categorization. Participants were faster to categorize happiness than anger on female and young adult faces, but not on male or older adult faces. Bayesian ANOVAs provided additional evidence that the sex of the face had the strongest influence on emotion categorization speeds in Experiment 1a and 1b, but both age and sex cues had an equal influence on emotion categorization in Experiment 2.
Searching for emotion or race: Taskirrelevant facial cues have asymmetrical effects
Facial cues of threat such as anger and other race membership are detected preferentially in visual search tasks. However, it remains unclear whether these facial cues interact in visual search. If both cues equally facilitate search, a symmetrical interaction would be predicted; anger cues should facilitate detection of other race faces and cues of other race membership should facilitate detection of anger. Past research investigating this race by emotional expression interaction in categorisation tasks revealed an asymmetrical interaction. This suggests that cues of other race membership may facilitate the detection of angry faces but not vice versa. Utilising the same stimuli and procedures across two search tasks, participants were asked to search for targets defined by either race or emotional expression. Contrary to the results revealed in the categorisation paradigm, cues of anger facilitated detection of other race faces whereas differences in race did not differentially influence detection of emotion targets.
In-group Advantage in Recognition of Facial Emotional Expressions in Cross-cultural Societies
People moving from their own cultural group to another culture face the challenges to learn the novel dialects of facial language of emotions. (Tomkins & McCarter, 1964). The current study investigated in-group advantages in correct recognition of facial emotional expressions across three cultures, i.e., Nigerians, Indians and Chinese (N = 180). Participants were exposed to male and female facial expressions of these cultures through computerized controlled random trials. Nigerians participants were able to recognize Nigerian facial emotional expressions maximum (37.4%) in comparison to the facial expressions of Indian (33.0%) and Chinese (29.6%) participants. Indians were also observed having the in-group advantage in correct recognition of facial emotional expressions of their own group (41.0%) rather than Nigerian (34.4%) and Chinese (24.6%). However, Chinese participants were not able to detect the correct facial emotional expressions of their own culture in higher percentage. Members of different cultural groups showed significant differences (Chi-Square = 23.33, df = 4, p =< .05) among their responses of correct recognition of facial emotional expressions which proved the notion of in-group advantage in facial emotion correct recognition. Implications of facial emotional expressions ingroup advantages in modern world are discussed.