Possible anti-diabetic potentials of Annona muricata (soursop): inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities (original) (raw)
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Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine, 2019
Background: Annona muricata Linn. Of the family Annonaceae, commonly known as soursop, is a very common fruit in the Sub-Saharan Africa with slightly juicy, acidic taste when ripe, whitish and aromatic with abundant seeds. It is a plant well known for its folklore use for varied disease conditions in Africa particularly diabetes mellitus described as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, and/or insulin action. Elevated blood sugar is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes. Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of aqueous extracts of the pulp of soursop fruit in an alloxan induced diabetic wistar rat when compared with Metformin, with the specific objectives of determining the effect of Annona muricata juice on the diabetic pancreatic islet cells and to compare its effect with that of the drug metformin also called Glucophage through weight and fasting blood sugar level determination. Methods: A total of Twenty-five albino adult wistar rat were used and allocated into five groups of five animals each designated as groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The experimental groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were administered through oral route in different doses of extract and metformin. Group 1: served as the control, Group 2: Diabetes + Metformin 100mg, Group 3: Diabetes + Low dose Annona muricata 10ml/kg, Group 4: Diabetes + high dose of Annona muricate 20ml/kg, Group 5: Diabetes only. Experimental rats of the groups were kept without feed for 24 hours prior to induction and then induced with alloxan solution through intraperitoneal injection. Data was analyzed using split-plot analysis of variance for body weight and fasting glucose level, followed by post hoc test. Results: Results were presented as mean ± SEM with significant difference determined at P˂0.05. With control group treatment with alloxan+Metformin (Group II) it resulted in a significant reduction (P˂0.05) in body weight after administration. Treatment with alloxan + high dose AME (20ml/kg) resulted in a significant increase (P˂0.05) in body weight after administration. The fasting sugar level of alloxan ± AME treated group and alloxan-treated group was significantly different when compared with the control group 1 and Metformin-treated group. Conclusion: The study concludes that the plant extract of Annona muricata moderately reduces sugar level and weight value which invariably can aid in management of diabetes; and when compared with Metformin, the effect was moderate hence it is recommended that a combined treatment option be administered in case of severe hyperglycaemia so as to rapidly counter its effect and thus minimize long term complications.
Diabetes and its related complications remain a major clinical problem. There is current interest in the search for novel antidiabetic agents from medicinal plants Annona muricata is used in folkloric medicine for the management of diabetes but its antidiabetic potentials has not yet been validated. This study investigated the pharmacognostic parameters, phytochemical constituents and antidiabetic potentials of A. muricata root. The plant material was cold-macerated in methanol to obtain the crude extract, Pharmacognostic profile, phytochemical analyses, and acute toxicity were determined using standard procedure. The hypoglycemic activity was studied in normoglycemic rats. The antidiabetic activities of the extract were also determined using alloxan induced diabetic mice model. Diabetes was induced using 50 mg/kg alloxan. The crude extracts were administered (p.o.) daily at the dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for 14 days. The fasting blood glucose was monitored for 7 days. Glibenclamide was used as a reference drug. The microscopic examination revealed the presence of epidermis, trichomes and starch grains. Acute toxicity test in rats gave an LD 50 of 5000 mg/kg. Results show that the extract produced a dose-dependent significant (p < 0.05) lowering of the fasting blood glucose of the diabetic mice after 7 days, normalizing the fasting blood glucose within the periods. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and terpenoids. It has been demonstrated from the study, that the rootof A. muricata possess antidiabetic activity which may be due to phytochemicals present which supports its ethnomedicinal use in diabetes management.
DM mellitus has become a worldwide disease. Some local TMPs in Zimbabwe are reported to have hypoglycaemic effects on blood glucose and are used as herbal medicines to treat diabetes. A. stenophylla aqueous root extracts were freeze dried and examined for inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase on KAT reagents in the presence of sucrose and maltose substrates using acarbose as positive control. The IC50 values for the plant extract and acarbose for α-glucosidase in the presence of the sucrose were 0.123 ± 0.009 mg/ml and 0.101± 0.0176 mg/ml respectively. The IC50 values in the presence of maltose were 0.500 ± 0.128 mg/ml and 0.117 ± 0.0563 mg/ml respectively. The plant extract and acarbose showed IC50 values against amylase of 1.26 ± 0.903 mg/ml and 1.199 ± 0.0651 mg/ml respectively. The plant extract displayed mixed type inhibition kinetics for α-glucosidase with sucrose reducing Vmax value of the enzyme from 0.214 to 0.0608 mmoles. min –1 whilst increasing Km from 0.0124 to 0.05...
Inhibition of key enzymes linked to diabetes by Annona senegalensis Pers (Annonaceae) leaf in vitro
Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2018
Annona senegalensis Pers (Annonaceae) known as Wild Custard Apple is used locally in the treatment of diabetes in Nigeria. This study was aimed at investigating the inhibitory potential of A. senegalensis leaf extracts and fractions on the activities of some enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) linked to diabetes. Plant samples were extracted with n-hexane (HEX), ethyl cetate (EtOAc) and ethanol (EtOH) and the extracts were subjected to in vitro antidiabetic studies. The most active extract was further fractionated using column chromatography and the fractions obtained were screened for the inhibitory activities whilst the possible bioactive compounds were determined by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). From the results, ethanolic extract possessed lowest IC50 values (α-amylase: 204.04 ± 6.38 μg/ml, αglucosidase: 97.91 ± 2.40 μg/ml) compared to other extracts. The most active fraction (Ffraction) from the ethanolic extract showed lower IC50 values for α-amylase (237.14 ± 31.19 μg/ml) and α-glucosidase (88.25 ± 0.59 μg/ml). The data further showed that F-fraction is a competitive inhibitor (Vmax: 27.03 μmol/min, Km: 0.24%, ki value: 8.46 μg/ml) for α-amylase and non-competitive inhibitor for α-glucosidase (Vmax: 1.10 μmol/min, Km: 3.7 mmol/l, ki value: 1.26 μg/ml). Possible compounds revealed by GC-MS from F-fraction were hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 1,3-octadecenal, and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, and bis (2-methylpropyl) ester. Therefore, our present data showed that A. senegalensis showed inhibitory potentials on the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, attributed to the possible presence of identified compounds.
Blood Glucose – Lowering Potentials of Annona muricata Leaf Extract in Alloxan–Induced Diabetic Rats
2021
The blood glucose- lowering potentials of ethanol leaf extract of Annona muricata were studied. Thirty wistar albino rats were divided into six groups of five rats per group. Group 1 served as “Normal control” animals and received normal rat pellets and water. Diabetes mellitus was induced in Groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (130 mg/kg). Group 6 rats were administered with 400 mg/kg daily of the extract without induction; group 3 rats were treated with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg body weight), groups 4 and 5 received 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight of A. muricata leaf extract daily respectively throughout the duration of the experiment of 14 days. Group 2 rats were induced but not treated with any drug, thus it served as the “Negative control” group. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract was carried out using the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) methods. Acute toxicity test of the leaf extract of A. muricata was determi...
2015
DM mellitus has become a worldwide disease. Some local TMPs in Zimbabwe are reported to have hypoglycaemic effects on blood glucose and are used as herbal medicines to treat diabetes. A. stenophylla aqueous root extracts were freeze dried and examined for inhibition of α-glucosidase and αamylase on KAT reagents in the presence of sucrose and maltose substrates using acarbose as positive control. The IC50 values for the plant extract and acarbose for α-glucosidase in the presence of the sucrose were 0.123 ± 0.009 mg/ml and 0.101± 0.0176 mg/ml respectively. The IC50 values in the presence of maltose were 0.500 ± 0.128 mg/ml and 0.117 ± 0.0563 mg/ml respectively. The plant extract and acarbose showed IC50 values against amylase of 1.26 ± 0.903 mg/ml and 1.199 ± 0.0651 mg/ml respectively. The plant extract displayed mixed type inhibition kinetics for α-glucosidase with sucrose reducing Vmax value of the enzyme from 0.214 to 0.0608 mmoles. min –1 whilst increasing Km from 0.0124 to 0.058...
Chemical Profile and Study of the Antidiabetic Effect of Annona squamosa L. peel
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is considered a public health problem worldwide. Current treatment involves the use of oral antidiabetics, whereas natural products could be a therapeutic alternative because of their bioactive compounds. The objective of this research was to investigate the chemical profile and antidiabetic effect of the peel of Annona squamosa L. (sugar apple) and evaluate a possible mechanism of action. We analyzed the content of secondary metabolites finding the following in 100 g of freeze-dried peel: 5000.13 ± 30.44 GAEq mg, 82.04 ± 1.12 QEq mg, 3023.07 ± 75.83 AA mg, 13919.07 ± 492.11 CA mg, 16099.56 ± 492.11 L-MA mg, 21346.73 ± 1134.01 D-MA mg, 5261.92 ± 34.59 TA mg, 2920.15 ± 290.13 Glu mg, and 5271.59 ± 562.07 Fru mg. The antihyperglycemic effect of the freeze-dried peel of sugar apple was demonstrated using an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) in healthy Wistar rats, discovering an effect at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, which was reversed by administering W...
Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research
Diabetes mellitus has been a metabolic disorder characterized by interferences in the breakdown of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein as a result of insulin deficiency. Great efforts are ongoing in understanding and management of diabetes, and disease related complication. In this work, an attempt was made to study the hematological and hypoglycemic effects of Annona muricata ripe fruits pulp in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and validates its traditional claim. The forty-eight (48) Albino rat were divided into six groups which include normal, tests and controls. The diabetes–induced rats were fed orally with A. muricata ripe fruits pulp extract in concentrations of 750 mg, 1000 mg, and 2000 mg respectively. The results showed that the extract caused fasting blood sugar glucose levels to remarkably reduced to near normal. Hematological studies revealed that there were improvements in the hematological indices tested groups when compare with diabetes normal group. The mole...
Foods, 2020
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease with a strong social impact worldwide. Under chronic hyperglycemia, protein glycation strongly contributes to diabetes-related complications onset. Anti-glycation agents and inhibitors of α-glucosidase are often therapeutically used to control postprandial glycemia in order to prevent development of long-term diabetic complications. Given drug resistance and adverse effects of conventional antidiabetic therapies, the discovery of new effective and non-toxic naturally occurring compounds is needed to prevent and/or to manage life-threatening diabetic complications. Annona cherimola Miller fruit has been used in Mexican traditional medicine as natural remedy against diabetes. In this work, the in vitro anti-glycation and anti-α-glucosidase roles of Annona cherimola Miller pulp extract (CE) were investigated. Moreover, healthy and diabetic subjects were enrolled in a cross-over design intervention study aimed at investigating the effects of pulp ...