Kelas Menengah Indonesia: Terkurung dalam Paradigma Konservatif/Middle Class Indonesia: Stuck in Conservative Paradigm (original) (raw)

Kelas Menengah dalam Bingkai Middle Indonesia

Kajian mengenai politik kelas menengah Indonesia selama ini didomi-nasi oleh dua pendekatan utama, yakni Weberian dan Marxian. Per-spektif Weberian diawali oleh J.S. Furnivall, Clifford Geertz, termasuk juga Robert W. Hefner. Sedangkan, perspektif Marxian dapat ditemu-kan dalam karya-karya Richard Robison, Farchan Bulkin, dan Vedi Hadiz. Namun, di luar itu sebenarnya masih ada akademisi lainnya seperti halnya Ariel Heryanto yang lebih melihat kelas menengah dari pendekatan cultural studies. Secara umum, karya-karya tersebut menampilkan pengalaman pembentukan kelas menengah di Indonesia yang berangkat dari masa dekolonialisasi yang ditandai dengan munculnya kelompok masyarakat baru dalam struktur masyarakat Indonesia. Sebelumnya, kelompok ma-syarakat Indonesia hanya dikenal dalam dua kelompok yakni raja-kawu-la (penguasa-rakyat) yang itu menyimbolkan struktur kekuasaan yang berlandaskan patrimonialisme. Hadirnya kelompok masyarakat baru tersebut kemudian mengisi ruang kosong antara raja dan kawula ter-sebut yang kemudian berperan sebagai penghubung antara keduanya. Karakter " antara " (in between) yang terdapat dalam karakter kelas menengah Indonesia itulah yang menjadi pintu masuk bagi para il-muwan dalam melakukan analisis. Namun demikian, karakter " antara " tersebut juga bisa berarti ambigu mengingat ketidakjelasan posisi politik * Penulis adalah peneliti di Pusat Penelitian Politik LIPI.

PENDIDIKAN INTERRELIGIUS: WACANA MODERASI BERAGAMA DI RUANG PUBLIK

RAUDHAH Proud To Be Professionals JurnalTarbiyahIslamiyah, 2022

Interreligious education is a solution for a pluralistic society, because it seeks to understand the uniqueness of each religion to jointly establish communication based on their respective religious traditions, so that a common point of understanding in religion emerges. In an open public space, the urgency of building active tolerance is felt because every religion has the same right to grow and build moderation without excluding religions that are different from it. If it is not immediately grounded, it will be difficult to build religious harmonization in the public sphere so that it will continue to give birth to conflicts accompanied by the acknowledgment of the existence of one religion. This study uses a qualitative method, an attempt to reveal empirical reality. The approach and analysis used are verstehen and phenomenology, namely the openness of humans to the reality of the world in which they live by understanding the basic concepts, obstacles, prospects, and forms of interreligious education as a moderation discourse between religious communities. This study concludes, this education imparts broad, humane knowledge and minimizes conflict, because religious people are free to discuss and find common ground, even though their circumstances are different.

Santri, Kelas Menengah dan Politik Lokal Indonesia

TAMADDUN: Jurnal Kebudayaan dan Sastra Islam, 1970

This journal means to give an ilustration function and role of santri, as part of middle class people in Indonesia. The result of this journal shows that political dynamics of santri as the middle class always changes in every era. In colonialism era, a group of santri unite to take an independence. Meanwhile, a group of santri in post-independence era want to dominate with an idea to make Islam as the rules of nation and the government must take the policy to limit it. Consequently, a group of santri show more in practical politics in government and the other strategic position in reformation era. However, the identity of group of santri more dissolved by the interest group and another as a result from their position as middle class. Therefore, the role and identity of a group of santri as middle class show the shortage whwn the differences interest and interference of outsider precisely cause the dissension in that group of santri. Keyword : santri, middle class, politic.