Power generation with CO2 capture: Technology for CO2 purification (original) (raw)
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Flue gas cleaning for CO2 capture from coal-fired oxyfuel combustion power generation
Energy Procedia, 2011
Current progress in flue gas cleaning for CO 2 capture from oxyfuel combustion has been described based on conceptual development, fundamental understanding and practical tests at the Schwarze Pumpe Oxyfuel Pilot Plant (OxPP). Significant improvement in understanding the characteristics of SO x , NO x , particulate matters (PMs) and non-condensable gas components in flue gas cleaning processes provide a scientific basis for further developments of flue gas cleaning technologies. Testing results from pilot studies have proved that flue gas cleaning systems have reached the achievable performance and have also shown that there is generally no fundamental technical bottleneck for most of the flue gas cleaning technologies. Further developments should focus on comprehensive optimisation of the flue gas cleaning processes combined with boiler and downstream CO 2 compression processes. Changes in flue gas cleaning technologies may be excepted if more attractive gas cleaning processes could be successfully developed in the near future; for example, NO x removal and control technologies. The development of a monitoring approach for the mitigation of non-condensable gases is an important operational issue for largescale oxyfuel combustion plant.
Post Combustion Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Flue Gases
2010
The primary aim of this work is to analyze and desc ribe the process of capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the flue gases by means of chemical absorpti on. Aqueous monoethanolamine, 30 and 40 wt % MEA, has been selected for removing CO 2 from the combustion gases. The concentration of CO 2 in the flue gases ranges from 15 to 18 % after comb ustion and 2 to 4 % after the CO 2 absorber. Secondly, the process of coal co-combustion with biomass wast e in a fluidised bed reactor was investigated. Experimental test results have shown that the emiss ion of CO2, SO2 and NOx have been significantly reduced during the removal processes and have prove d the viability of the proposed systems.
Energy and Economic Analysis of the CO2 Capture from Flue Gas of Combined Cycle Power Plants
Energy Procedia, 2014
Carbon capture and storage is considered as one of the key strategies for reducing the emissions of carbon dioxide from power generation facilities. Although post-combustion capture via chemical absorption is now a mature technology, the separation of CO 2 from flue gases shows many issues, including the solvent degradation and the high regeneration energy requirement, that in turn reduces the power plant performances. Focusing on a triple pressure and reheat combined cycle with exhaust gas recirculation, this paper aims to evaluate the potential impacts of integrating a post-combustion capture system, based on an absorption process with monoethanolamine solvent. Energy and economic performances of the integrated system are evaluated varying the exhaust gas recirculation fraction and the CO 2 capture ratio. The different configurations examined are then compared in terms of efficiency and rated capacity of the integrated system, as well as considering the cost of electricity generated and the cost of CO 2 avoided.
Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO 2 in the atmosphere is a global warming. Human activities are a major cause of increased CO 2 concentration in atmosphere, as in recent decade, two-third of greenhouse effect was caused by human activities. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a major strategy that can be used to reduce GHGs emission. There are three methods for CCS: pre-combustion capture, oxy-fuel process, and post-combustion capture. Among them, post-combustion capture is the most important one because it offers flexibility and it can be easily added to the operational units. Various technologies are used for CO 2 capture, some of them include: absorption, adsorption, cryogenic distillation, and membrane separation. In this paper, various technologies for post-combustion are compared and the best condition for using each technology is identified.
Capture of CO2 From Recirculating Flue Gas Boilers
2003
The possible need for an economical method for the separation of CO2 from flue gas adds a new set of challenges to power plant design, construction, operation, and maintenance. Many of the new requirements of CO2 separation are similar in nature to those addressed by the mature chemical engineering processes used in petroleum refining and industrial chemical production. Chemical engineering processes are regularly used to separate heterogeneous vapors in processes such as the fractionation of hydrocarbons or the separation of the components of air. This paper addresses the application of chemical engineering processes to the mixtures of gases and vapors found in the flue gas of recirculating boilers. Adaptation of these techniques can lead to a reduction in the energy required to capture CO2.
Natural gas fired combined cycle power plant with CO 2 capture
Energy Conversion and Management, 1995
A natural gas (NG) fired power plant is designed with virtually zero emissions of pollutants, including CO2. The plant operates in a gas turbine-steam turbine combined cycle mode. NG is fired in highly enriched oxygen (99.7%) and recycled CO2 from the flue gas. Liquid oxygen (LOX) is supplied by an on-site air separation unit (ASU). By cross-integrating the ASU with the CO2 capture unit, the energy consumption for CO2 capture is significantly reduced. The exergy of LOX is used to liquefy CO2 from the flue gas, thereby saving compression energy and also delivering product CO2 in a saleable form. By applying a new technique, the gas turbine efficiency is increased by about 2.9%. The net thermal efficiency (electricity out/heat input) is estimated at 45%, compared to a plant without CO2 capture of 54%. However, the relatively modest efficiency loss is amply compensated by producing saleable byproducts, and by the virtue that the plant is pollution free, including NOx, SO2 and particulate matter. In fact, the plant needs no smokestack. Besides electricity, the byproducts of the plant are condensed CO2, NO2 and Ar, and if operated in cogeneration mode, steam.
International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2013
Oxy-fuel combustion is a promising technology for capturing carbon dioxide (CO 2) from power plants by generating a flue gas which is predominantly CO 2 and water vapour (which can be removed by condensation and drying). Other diluents (Ar, O 2 and N 2) and trace contaminants (SO 2 , SO 3 , NO, NO 2 , CO, etc.) will also be present in the oxy-fuel derived CO 2-stream and have to be removed prior to transportation and storage. This flue gas composition makes low temperature physical separation a promising technology for CO 2 capture. The aim of this paper is to evaluate low temperature processes for producing high purity, high pressure CO 2 from oxy-fuel combustion flue gas through simulation and modelling in Aspen HYSYS using different patent applications filed by COSTAIN as basis. The processes are based on phase separation using simple flash units, integrated with the compression process. Excellent energy recovery is achieved by exploiting the cold duty of the process streams to supply the required refrigeration so that the overall power consumption is low. The capture process shows good performance when treating flue gas of high CO 2 concentration, with purity of over 98%, recovery rate over 93%, and power consumption of 165 kWh/tCO 2 captured. For low CO 2 concentration (such as with a retrofit), a lower CO 2 recovery is obtained (approximately 85%) so that a small amount of further processing, e.g. by a physical solvent would be required to increase the CO 2 capture. The effect of design parameters on performance including CO 2 product purity, recovery rate and specific power consumption has been assessed. By optimizing process conditions, an optimum or nearoptimum design has been generated taking into account the operating constraints of the equipment.
Advanced Materials and Process for CO2 Removal from Flue Gas
2013
ATMI and SRI working in collaboration have developed an innovative new CO2 capture technology that offers promise as a new low-cost route to capture and reuse of CO2 in a variety of industrial and power generation applications. The technology is based on ATMI’s BrightBlack family of precision carbon adsorbents and SRI’s innovative adsorption fractionation process, which is based on continuous adsorbent recycle. The system is designed to take advantage of the recoveries and purities achievable with countercurrent separations processes while minimizing power requirements associated with pressure drop and adsorbent regeneration. The ATMI-SRI CO2 capture system has been demonstrated in small lab and field pilots with flue gas feed streams ranging in CO2 content from 4% to 15%, successfully achieving greater than 90% recovery and 99% CO2 purity. A larger field pilot is under construction at the National Carbon Capture Center and will be ready for testing in 2013.