Reuse of waste paper and rice hulls as filler in polymeric matrix composites (original) (raw)
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Effective Utilization of Industrial Wastes for Preparing Polymer Matrix Composites
Handbook of Research on Green Engineering Techniques for Modern Manufacturing
The present industry scenario focuses on green manufacturing, in terms of effective reuse and recycling of the industrial wastes generated in enormous amount while preparing the product. The wastes also act as a threat to the society by causing various kinds of pollution. Therefore, the proper safe disposal of the same is a very critical factor. Most of the industries struggled with the enormous disposal of these wastes and finding ways for reuse and disposal. In this chapter, one such way of reuse of these wastes for making composite product is explored. Industrial wastes such as flyash and ricehusk used as fillers of varying weight percentages, 6%, 8%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, wt%, respectively, are reinforced with matrix. The prepared composites were subjected to flexural studies to know the load withstand ability. Results show that the incorporation of both fly ash and rice husk industrial wastes as filler into the polymer matrix increases the flexural strength. In addition, a low-cos...
Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2007
Thermal and mechanical properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and bagasse carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC B ) composite by adding isosorbide diesters AIP Conference Proceedings 1664, 060006 (2015); https://doi.Abstract Brazil has a remarkable position in the use of renewable energy. The potential of natural resources in Brazil has motivated the use of these renewable resources to make technologies more sustainable. From the large variety of commercially available High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) from different sources, two were chosen for investigation: one produced from sugarcane ethanol, and the other one, a conventional polyethylene, produced from fossil resources. In the preparation of the composites, sponge-gourds also called Luffa cylindrica were selectec. The main application of this product is as bath sponge, whose production generates scraps that are generally burnt. In this work, the composites were prepared by blending the sponge scrap at different proportions (10, 20, 30 and 40% wt/wt) with high density polyethylene (HDPE) from renewable source by extrusion. The melt flow index analysis of the composites was determined and specimens were obtained by injection molding for the assessment of mechanical properties such as tensile (elasticity modulus), flexural and Izod impact strengths. The microstructure of the impact fractured surface of the specimen also was determined. The results showed that the addition of sponge scrap affects positively all the properties studied as compared to HDPE. The results of tensile strength, elasticity modulus and flexural strength were similar to those observed in the literature for composites of HDPE from fossil source. The microstructure corroborates the results of mechanical properties. It was shown that the sponge scrap has potential to be applied as cellulosic filler for renewable polyethylene, providing a totally renewable material with good mechanical properties.
Utilization of Recycled Polymer Matrices For Production of Eco-Composites
Quality of Life (Banja Luka) - APEIRON
One of the big new areas of development of the advanced composite materials is in combining natural fibers with thermoplastics for producing lightweight, environmentally friendly, cost-effective composite material.The aim of this work is to show the possibilities of recycling and reuse of thermoplastic polymer matrices with rice hulls (RH) and kenaf fibres (KF) using the conventional techniques, extrusion and compression moulding. The matrices (polypropylene (PP) and poly(lactic) acid (PLA) ) were recycled one and two times and the fibers/filler were compounded with recycled matrix. The processing and material properties have been studied on the composites with recycled matrix and compared to the composites with virgin matrix.Characterization of all composites includes mechanical, morphological and thermo-gravimetrical analysis. Тhe flexural properties for PP recycled based composites were held close to the flexural properties for composite based on neat PP, but for PLA recycled bas...
Polypropylene-based Eco-composites Filled with Agricultural Rice Hulls Waste
In this workthe properties of rice-hull-filled polypropylene (PP) composites were investigated with the purpose of enhancing adhesion between the polymer and the filler through the addition of w = 5 % PP-grafted-MA (CA). Composites containing w = 20 and 30 % rice hulls (RH), as well as composites with a certain amount of PP matrix substituted with a coupling agent, were prepared by extrusion and compression moulding. The composites’ mechanical properties were investigated through tensile and fracture tests at low and high strain rate, using the concept of linear elastic fracture mechanics. Introduction of rice hulls in the PP matrix resulted in a decreased stress at peak, together with increase of composites tensile modulus (EPP = 1013 MPa, EPP/RH (ζ = 0.70:0.30) = 1690 MPa) and modulus in flexure. Introduction of w = 5 % PP-g-MA caused 6 % and 12 % improvement in the composite tensile strength, respectively for the PP composites with w = 20 and 30 % rice hulls. Modulus in flexure f...
Ciência e Natura
The high need for polymeric materials and the availability of agro-industrial wastes, such as the rice production chain, demand the development of technologies to obtain polymeric composites based on these waste materials. Therefore, this work aims to develop materials using low density polyethylene (LDPE) as a polymer matrix and rice husk or rice husk ash, prepared by micronization in a whirlwind mill, as reinforcing fillers. The processing was carried out by injection molding, with formulations containing 20%, 30% and 40% of the filler. Tensile strength, hardness and water absorption properties were evaluated. The tensile strength of composites containing rice husk ash was higher than the same parameter for composites containing rice husk as filler. The highest tensile strength of 9.26 N/mm² was found for the material containing 20% of rice husk ash. The shore D hardness of materials containing rice husk ash was slightly higher. Regarding water absorption, the composites containin...
Sustainable Manufacturing Process Applied to Produce Waste Polymer-Polymer Matrix Composites
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Getting rid of plastic and rubber waste is one of the goals of achieving a sustainable lifestyle. Out-of-service tires and fuel and water tanks manufactured from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are the most common waste that cities suffer from. This paper aims to investigate the effect of reinforced waste polymer particles on the polyester resin matrix when producing polymer matrix composite materials from waste tires and damaged plastic water tanks with different polymeric percentages. The polymer matrix composite could be used later in different applications, such as insulators and vibration dampers. The composite materials were evaluated by measuring the Shore D hardness, tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and coefficient of thermal conductivity. The overall results showed hopeful behavior. Mixing a specific mixture of waste PVC and tires with polyester and hardener gives a higher tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and Shore D hardness compared to each material when used sep...
Composite Materials from Unsaturated Polyester/Rice Husk Ash/ Natural Rubber-g-Polystyrene
Polymers & Polymer Composites, 2007
Olive nuts flour (ONF) from the solid waste of the olive oil extraction was used as a cost-effective filler to reinforce unsaturated polyester resin matrix composites. Composites with filler loading from 10 to 60 wt% were prepared by compression molding using untreated and ␥-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MRPS)-modified ONF. The evolution of mechanical performance, dynamic mechanical properties, impact properties and water absorbance, were investigated as a function of the filler content. The changes in the mechanical properties as well as the water absorption behavior were shown to be greatly affected by the silane treatment of the filler. A better enhancement in the stiffening effect and a reduction in water absorption were noted when silane treated ONF was used. Evidence of the improvement of the interfacial adhesion following the silane modification was supported by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and SEM observation. These results were explained in terms of the improvement in the interfacial adhesion between the filler and the matrix through the aptitude of the MRPS to provide a chemical connectivity between the two phases.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2022
In this research article, we investigate the physical and mechanical properties of composites comprised of unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with 10% to 40% volume of bamboo fibre (BF). Chemical evaluation of BF revealed that BF has a cellulose content of 49.86%, hemicellulose content of 25.17%, and lignin content of 7.14%. As the UPR’s different connections, FTIR identified an interconnecting framework between the styrene monomer (ST) and the unsaturated polyester (UP). It was found by TGA-DTG that there were two breakdown phases. UPR’s physical and mechanical properties were found to be affected by increasing the amount of fibre in the material, with the water absorption rising from 0.7% to 2.81% and the density (1214.38 to 1168.83 kg/m), flexural strength (51.81 to 28.92 MPa), flexural modulus (2.78 to 2.83 GPa), and tensile strength (9.71 to 3.86 MPa) all decreasing at the same time. On the other hand, the hardness increased from 82....
Journal of the Institute of Engineering
The efficacy of reinforcement of polyester resin matrix composites with agro waste particles to effect improvement on the disadvantage of low mechanical properties for optimal performance was studied. 5-25 wt. % of coconut shell, periwinkle shell, and cow bone particles were applied in reinforcing unsaturated polyester resin matrix by mould casting and the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of the composites were evaluated. There was uniform distribution of the agro waste particles in the polymer composites matrix from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) result. The hybrid composite at 15 wt. % reinforcement demonstrated the highest mechanical properties in terms of ultimate tensile strength (66.73 MPa), flexural strength (76.76 MPa), hardness (87.76 BHN), and impact energy (23.16 J). This shows the efficacy of hybridisation and the high potential of the composite for wider applications.
Influence of Bamboo Stem Ash on Some Properties of Polyester Matrix
This work investigated the influence of bamboo stem ash reinforcement on some properties of polyester matrix composites. Open mold technique was used for production of the polyester composites of 2, 4, 6, and 8wt % reinforcement. The density of the unreinforced polyester obtained is 1.190 g/cm 3 while the values obtained from the composites are 1.194, 1.191, 1.185 and 1.182 g/cm 3. The bamboo stem ash has no significant effect on the density of the polyester (matrix) since they have nearly the same density. The percentage porosity of the unreinforced polyester is 0.84 but the percentage porosity of the composites is 0.17, 0.084, 0.17 and 0.25 %. The influence of the bamboo stem ash on the polyester reduces the porosity of the composites. The polyester matrix composites produced exhibit the same stress-strain deformation behavior as the unreinforced polyester irrespective of the reinforcement weight percent. The average tensile strength of the unreinforced polyester (B0) is 12, while that of the composites being 17.8, 16, 15.7 and 14 MPa. The composition 2% RHA gave the optimum tensile strength. The result obtained reveals that the more the reinforcement the lower the tensile strength of the composite. Likewise, the fracture toughness of the unreinforced polyester is 0.032 MPam 1/2 , the values of the fracture toughness of the composites is 0.058, 0.045, 0.04, and 0.042 MPam 1/2. The optimum value of the fracture toughness obtained is also at 2 wt% reinforcement of bamboo stem ash. As the reinforcement increases, the fracture toughness decreases. The strain energy of the unreinforced polyester is 0.45 J whereas the values obtained for the composites are 0.45, 1.5, 1.0, 0.7 and 0.63 J. The highest energy that can be stored prior to deformation was obtained at the sample BS1. The strain energy decreases with increase in the reinforcement. The flexural strength of the unreinforced polyester is 27.0 MPa but the flexural strength of the composites produced is 28.2, 29.3, 29.5 and 29.3 MPa. The optimum flexural strength was attained at 29.5 MPa by sample with the composition 6 wt% bamboo stem ash (BS3). The flexural strength also increases with increase in weight percent of the bamboo stem ash in the composites. The bending strength of the unreinforced polyester is 3010.40 MPa whereas the bending strength of the composites formed is 3491.9, 4381.3, 5945.7 and 6862.4 MPa. The bending strength of the composites increases with increase in bamboo stem ash. The water absorption by the composites increases with immersion time.