Assessment of an Innovative Way to Store Hydrogen in Vehicles (original) (raw)
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Study of the Permeation Flowrate of an Innovative Way to Store Hydrogen in Vehicles
Energies, 2021
With the global warming of the planet, new forms of energy are being sought as an alternative to fossil fuels. Currently, hydrogen (H2) is seen as a strong alternative for fueling vehicles. However, the major challenge in the use of H2 arises from its physical properties. An earlier study was conducted on the storage of H2, used as fuel in road vehicles powered by spark ignition engines or stacks of fuel cells stored under high pressure inside small spheres randomly packed in an envelope tank. Additionally, the study evaluated the performance of this new storage system and compared it with other storage systems already applied by automakers in their vehicles. The current study aims to evaluate the H2 leaks from the same storage system, when inserted in any road vehicle parked in conventional garages, and to show the compliance of these leaks with European Standards, provided that an appropriate choice of materials is made. The system’s compliance with safety standards was proved. Re...
Technical assessment of compressed hydrogen storage tank systems for automotive applications
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2011
This report, and the conclusions contained herein, are the result of the exercise of Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne, ANL) and TIAX's professional judgment, based in part upon materials and information provided to us by third parties, which in certain cases, have not been independently verified. Argonne and TIAX accept no duty of care or liability of any kind whatsoever to any third party, and no responsibility for damages, if any, suffered by any third party as a result of decisions made, or not made, or actions taken, or not taken, based on this document, or use of any of the information contained herein. This report may be produced only in its entirety. The cost analysis for the compressed gas tank systems assumes Year 2009 technology status for individual components, and projects their cost at production volumes of 500,000 vehicles/year. It is not known whether the exact system configuration adopted for this cost analysis currently exists as an integrated automotive hydrogen storage system, or how well the components and subsystems inter-operate with each other. In developing the system configuration and component manifests, we have tried to capture all of the essential engineering components and important cost contributors. However, the system selected for costing does not claim to solve all of the technical challenges facing hydrogen storage transportation systems or satisfy DOE or FreedomCAR on-board hydrogen storage performance, safety, and durability targets. .
Vehicular storage of hydrogen in insulated pressure vessels
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2006
This paper describes the development of an alternative technology for storing hydrogen fuel onboard automobiles. Insulated pressure vessels are cryogenic-capable pressure vessels that can accept cryogenic liquid fuel, cryogenic compressed gas or compressed gas at ambient temperature. Insulated pressure vessels offer advantages over conventional H 2 storage approaches. Insulated pressure vessels are more compact and require less carbon fiber than GH 2 vessels. They have lower evaporative losses than LH 2 tanks, and are much lighter than metal hydrides.
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2010
Sandia National Laboratories has developed a vehicle-scale demonstration hydrogen storage system as part of a Work for Others project funded by General Motors. This Demonstration System was developed based on the properties and characteristics of sodium alanates which are complex metal hydrides. The technology resulting from this program was developed to enable heat and mass management during refueling and hydrogen delivery to an automotive system. During this program the Demonstration System was subjected to repeated hydriding and dehydriding cycles to enable comparison of the vehicle-scale system performance to small-scale sample data. This paper describes the experimental results of life-cycle studies of the Demonstration System.
A Review on Hydrogen as a Fuel for Automotive Application
Hydrogen can be described as the best alternative to the conventional fuels used to power automobiles for several reasons, and these include its higher heating values and emission free combustion. It has been demonstrated as a viable automotive fuel in three technological modes: hydrogen internal combustion engines (HICEs) connected mechanically to conventional vehicles; fuel cells that produce electricity to power electric vehicles; and hybrids that involve combinations of engines or fuel cells with electrical storage systems, such as batteries. The main drawbacks of using hydrogen as a transportation fuel are huge on-board storage tanks. Hydrogen stores approximately 2.6 times more energy per unit mass than petrol but it needs an estimated 4 times more volume than petrol to store that energy. In this review, the properties and the pathways for hydrogen use in vehicles, factors affecting the commercialization of hydrogen vehicles, which are not limited to the production; storage; transportation and distribution of hydrogen; costs of production, storage and distribution; and its safety, were discussed.
Nebula , 2019
This paper deal with the design and analysis of hydrogen storage tank to store and supply hydrogen for the operation of fuel cell. A multi-layered composite hydrogen storage tank with a capacity to power the vehicle for 180 km has been designed. The thickness of various layers are analysed for various iterations and the optimal thickness has been chosen. The different manufacturing process through which it can be done has been determined and the most optimum one which is economical and easily available has been chosen. Various tests such as crush test, burst test, gunfire test and bonfire test has been conducted by numerical simulation to make sure that the storage tank can withstand even the worst conditions.
Chemical hydrogen storage material property guidelines for automotive applications
Journal of Power Sources, 2015
Chemical hydrogen storage is the sought after hydrogen storage media for automotive applications because of the expected low pressure operation (< 20 atm), moderate temperature operation (< 200°C), system gravimetric capacities (> 0.05 kg H 2 /kg system), and system volumetric capacities (> 0.05 kg H 2 /L system). Currently, the primary shortcomings of chemical hydrogen storage are regeneration efficiency, fuel cost and fuel phase (i.e., solid or slurry phase). Understanding the required material properties to meet the DOE Technical Targets for Onboard Hydrogen Storage Systems is a critical knowledge gap in the hydrogen storage research community. This study presents a set of fluid-phase chemical hydrogen storage material property guidelines for automotive applications meeting the 2017 DOE technical targets. Viable material properties were determined using a boiler-plate automotive system design. The fluid-phase chemical hydrogen storage media considered in this study were neat liquids, solutions, and nonsettling homogeneous slurries. Material properties examined include kinetics, heats of reaction, fuel-cell impurities, gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage capacities, and regeneration efficiency. The material properties, although not exhaustive, are an essential first step in identifying viable chemical hydrogen storage material properties-and most important, their implications on system mass, system volume and system performance.
Production, storage and properties of hydrogen as internal combustion engine fuel: a critical review
In the age of ever increasing energy demand, hydrogen may play a major role as fuel. Hydrogen can be used as a transportation fuel, whereas neither nuclear nor solar energy can be used directly. The blends of hydrogen and ethanol have been used as alternative renewable fuels in a carbureted spark ignition engine. Hydrogen has very special properties as a transportation fuel, including a rapid burning speed, a high effective octane number, and no toxicity or ozone-forming potential. A stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture has very low minimum ignition energy of 0.02 MJ. Combustion product of hydrogen is clean, which consists of water and a little amount of nitrogen oxides (NO x). The main drawbacks of using hydrogen as a transportation fuel are huge on-board storage tanks. Hydrogen stores approximately 2.6 times more energy per unit mass than gasoline. The disadvantage is that it needs an estimated 4 times more volume than gasoline to store that energy. The production and the storage of hydrogen fuel are not yet fully standardized. The paper reviews the different production techniques as well as storage systems of hydrogen to be used as IC engine fuel. The desirable and undesirable properties of hydrogen as IC engine fuels have also been discussed.
An overview of hydrogen as a vehicle fuel
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As hydrogen fuel cell vehicles move from manifestation to commercialization, the users expect safe, convenient and customer-friendly fuelling. Hydrogen quality affects fuel cell stack performance and lifetime, as well as other factors such as valve operation. In this paper, previous researcher's development on hydrogen as a possible major fuel of the future has been studied thoroughly. Hydrogen is one of the energy carriers which can replace fossil fuel and can be used as fuel in an internal combustion engines and as a fuel cell in vehicles. To use hydrogen as a fuel of internal combustion engine, engine design should be considered for avoiding abnormal combustion. As a result it can improve engine efficiency, power output and reduce NO x emissions. The emission of fuel cell is low as compared to conventional vehicles but as penalty, fuel cell vehicles need additional space and weight to install the battery and storage tank, thus increases it production cost. The production of hydrogen can be 'carbon-free' only if it is generated by employing genuinely carbon-free renewable energy sources. The acceptability of hydrogen technology depends on the knowledge and awareness of the hydrogen benefits towards environment and human life. Recent study shows that people still do not have the sufficient information of hydrogen.