Aridity in Vojvodina, Serbia (original) (raw)

Abstract

For investigating aridity in Vojvodina, two parameters were used: the De Martonne aridity index and the Pinna combinative index. These indices were chosen as the most suitable for the analysis of climate in Vojvodina (a region in northern part of Serbia). Also, these indices were calculated from data obtained from 10 meteorological stations for the period from 1949 to 2006. The spatial distribution of the annual and seasonal De Martonne and the Pinna combinative indices as well as the mean monthly values of the De Martonne index and aridity trends of these indices are presented. There were two, four, and five types of climate on a yearly, seasonal, and monthly basis in Vojvodina, according to the De Martonne climate classification which consists of a total of seven types. In addition, semi-humid and humid climate types were represented in the region, on a yearly basis. The winter season was dominated by wetter types of climate, while the summer season was characterized by drier ones. During the spring and autumn seasons, there were types of climate which range between both aforementioned types. Two out of three climate types, which can be identified using the Pinna combinative index, were registered in Vojvodina region. The most dominant climate type was the semidry Mediterranean with formal Mediterranean vegetation, while the humid type was only identified in one small part of southwestern Vojvodina. The calculated values of both aridity indices showed that there were no annual trends. Therefore, it can be considered that there were no recent aridity changes during the observed period. For paleoclimate, the general story is more complex. The lack of aridity trends in the recent period from 1949 to 2006 supports the fact that Vojvodina has very well preserved loess-palaeosol sequences from the Middle and Late Pleistocene, which indicates that crucial point for their preservation was caused by the weak aridity variability in the region.

Figures (9)

Fig. 1 Geographical location of meteorological stations in Vojvodina region

Fig. 1 Geographical location of meteorological stations in Vojvodina region

Table 2 De Martonne index climatic classification (Croitoru et al 2012)

Table 2 De Martonne index climatic classification (Croitoru et al 2012)

indices for all 10 stations for each year, for the observed period. Not only that the software shows the values of indices, but also it shows to which class of climate classifi- cation these values belong.

indices for all 10 stations for each year, for the observed period. Not only that the software shows the values of indices, but also it shows to which class of climate classifi- cation these values belong.

Fig. 3 The spatial distribution of the mean De Martonne aridity index, Ispm, per season from 1949 to 2006 in Vojvodinz Generally, about 75 % of the territory of Vojvodina is characterized by humid climate and the rest of the territory is characterized by the semi-humid climate which is specific for the north and northeastern part of Vojvodina (Fig. 2). 26.4 to 27.5 are recorded in the northeast of Vojvodina. Values of index increase to the south. The highest values from 29.8 to 30.9 are recorded in two areas. Larger area is located in the southeastern part of Vojvodina and a smaller one is situated in the southwestern part of the region. This can be correlated with higher annual precipitation caused by orographic influ- ence of the Fruska Gora Mountain and VrSac Mountains. 30.9 are recorded in two areas. Larger area is located in the According to the previous notion, we can point out that northern part of the Vojvodina region has semi-humid climate, while southern parts have more humid climate influence.

Fig. 3 The spatial distribution of the mean De Martonne aridity index, Ispm, per season from 1949 to 2006 in Vojvodinz Generally, about 75 % of the territory of Vojvodina is characterized by humid climate and the rest of the territory is characterized by the semi-humid climate which is specific for the north and northeastern part of Vojvodina (Fig. 2). 26.4 to 27.5 are recorded in the northeast of Vojvodina. Values of index increase to the south. The highest values from 29.8 to 30.9 are recorded in two areas. Larger area is located in the southeastern part of Vojvodina and a smaller one is situated in the southwestern part of the region. This can be correlated with higher annual precipitation caused by orographic influ- ence of the Fruska Gora Mountain and VrSac Mountains. 30.9 are recorded in two areas. Larger area is located in the According to the previous notion, we can point out that northern part of the Vojvodina region has semi-humid climate, while southern parts have more humid climate influence.

The mean distribution of the monthly De Martonne arid- ity index, Impm, is shown in Fig. 4. As can be seen, five of seven climate types of the De Martonne classification have been identified in Vojvodina. Two months, December and January, are characterized by extremely humid index values; February by very humid climate, while March, April, and May are characterized by semi-humid climate. The greatest diversity of climate types is during June, July, and August because each month has different characteristics. Humid, The spatial distribution of the seasonal De Martonne aridity index, Isp, is shown for calendar seasons: winter, spring, summer, and autumn in Fig. 3a—d, respectively. During the winter, values of indexes vary from 33.7 to 39.8. As can be seen, most of Vojvodina has very humid conditions, except two small isolated areas in the north and northeastern part with a humid climate. The spring aridity conditions are very similar to those specific to annual values. The summer season is mostly dominated by Medi- terranean climate conditions with values ranging from 20.2 to 24.0. Only a small part in the south of Vojvodina has semi-humid conditions reaching value above 25.0. This season is the driest based on the average values of the indices, compared to the winter, spring, and autumn values. Finally, autumn season is characterized by the humid and very humid climate conditions, which are equally distribut- ed on the regional scale. The southwestern part of Vojvodina is more humid in contrast to the northeastern part. The values of indices vary from 32.7 to 37.6.

The mean distribution of the monthly De Martonne arid- ity index, Impm, is shown in Fig. 4. As can be seen, five of seven climate types of the De Martonne classification have been identified in Vojvodina. Two months, December and January, are characterized by extremely humid index values; February by very humid climate, while March, April, and May are characterized by semi-humid climate. The greatest diversity of climate types is during June, July, and August because each month has different characteristics. Humid, The spatial distribution of the seasonal De Martonne aridity index, Isp, is shown for calendar seasons: winter, spring, summer, and autumn in Fig. 3a—d, respectively. During the winter, values of indexes vary from 33.7 to 39.8. As can be seen, most of Vojvodina has very humid conditions, except two small isolated areas in the north and northeastern part with a humid climate. The spring aridity conditions are very similar to those specific to annual values. The summer season is mostly dominated by Medi- terranean climate conditions with values ranging from 20.2 to 24.0. Only a small part in the south of Vojvodina has semi-humid conditions reaching value above 25.0. This season is the driest based on the average values of the indices, compared to the winter, spring, and autumn values. Finally, autumn season is characterized by the humid and very humid climate conditions, which are equally distribut- ed on the regional scale. The southwestern part of Vojvodina is more humid in contrast to the northeastern part. The values of indices vary from 32.7 to 37.6.

Fig. 7 The mean annual values of the Pinna combinative index, Jp, and linear trend curve of aridity from 1949 to 2006 in Vojvodinz The Pinna combinative aridity index, /p, ranged from 14.0 to 20.0 at 9 from 10 meteorological stations, while at one Finally, more diversified distribution of climate types in Vojvodina is obtained using the De Martonne aridity index than using the Pinna combinative index. Such a conclusion is given

Fig. 7 The mean annual values of the Pinna combinative index, Jp, and linear trend curve of aridity from 1949 to 2006 in Vojvodinz The Pinna combinative aridity index, /p, ranged from 14.0 to 20.0 at 9 from 10 meteorological stations, while at one Finally, more diversified distribution of climate types in Vojvodina is obtained using the De Martonne aridity index than using the Pinna combinative index. Such a conclusion is given

Fig. 6 The mean annual values of the De Martonne aridity index, pm, and linear trend curve of aridity from 1949 to 2006 in Vojvodina

Fig. 6 The mean annual values of the De Martonne aridity index, pm, and linear trend curve of aridity from 1949 to 2006 in Vojvodina

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