Empirical Evaluation of Human Factors that Affect Design of the Product (original) (raw)
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The knowledge and application of Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) principles and guidelines can help designers to develop better products and services. However, they may also include design constraints that may affect designers' creativity. Although both HFE principles and guidelines and creativity are considered essential in the design of products and services, the link between them is little researched. In this article a discussion is presented on the influence that HFE principles and guidelines can exert on the creativity of designers. It also presents case studies of HFE principles and guidelines and discusses how they can influence designers' creativity. In addition, a set of recommendations is suggested to help designers apply ergonomic design principles and guidelines to stimulate creativity. It is concluded that HFE principles and guidelines can assist designers in creating safer and more efficient products and services and can also broaden their creative process and therefore the originality and appropriateness of products and services.
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Engineering designers cannot perform their tasks without obtaining supporting information, so how effectively and efficiently they do this is of tremendous importance. Research into how engineering designers interact when obtaining information is described. The argument is based on the results of two observational studies undertaken in the aerospace industry. The first study observed teams of four designers to see how they obtained their information; the second observed experienced and novice designers to identify differences in the way they approached design tasks. A conclusion from the first study was that in the vast majority of cases designers preferred to obtain their information from other individuals rather than from documents; and a conclusion from the second study was that novice designers did not know what strategies to adopt and which questions to ask when seeking information. These conclusions are important when planning future information storage and retrieval systems. Court A, Culley S, McMahon C (1996) Information access diagrams: a technique for analysing the usage of design information. Journal of Engineering Design, vol 7 (1), pp 55-75 Frankenberger E, Badke-Schaub P (1996) Influences on engineering design in industry. Report, TH Darmstadt, Germany Marsh JR (1997) The capture and structure of design experience. Ph.D. thesis, Cambridge University Engineering Department Marsh JR, Wallace KM (1995) Integrity of design information. In: International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED 95), Prague, 4, pp 1449-1454
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During the design of man-machine interfaces, Human Factor issues are a key element of the design process performance. However, Human Factor analysis is mostly performed a posteriori, when a prototype of the product can be manufactured. The Engineering and Human Factors communities still have communication difficulties and thus Human Factor approaches are not well integrated into Systems Engineering processes. The emerging concept of Human Views seems to be promising as it allows for a human-centered design process. Human Views were developed for large systems. However, in this paper the opportunity to use these Views in the traditional product design process is studied. We investigate the different artifacts generated during the product design process, and also the managed data. They are compared to the Human Views and their contents in order to see if a correlation is possible, particularly during the preliminary design phase.
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