Advancing with Ceramic Biocomposites for Bone Graft Implants (original) (raw)
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Study of biodegradable ceramic bone graft substitute
Advances in Applied Ceramics, 2008
The aim of the present study was to obtain a biodegradable porous calcium phosphate implants as a synthetic bone graft substitute. The calcium phosphate used in the present study consisted of hydroxyapatite (HA) and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCP). Porous bioceramic was fabricated by a foam casting method. By polyurethane foam and slurry containing HA/DCP (3 : 1 weight ratio) powder, water and additives a high porous structure with y70% was created. The X-ray diffractometry revealed that the b-tricalcium phosphate (b-TCP) formation is major phase. Surface morphology analysis and porosity evaluations were performed. The variation in the compressive strength, elastic modulus and dissolution behaviour of immersed synthetic bone graft in simulated physiological solution investigated.
2020
Objectives We investigated the role of various biomaterials on cell viability and in healing of an experimentally induced femoral bone hole model in rats. Materials and Methods Cell viability and cytotoxicity of gelatin (Gel; 50 µg/µl), chitosan (Chi; 20 µg/µl), hydroxyapatite (HA; 50 µg/µl), nanohydroxyapatite (nHA; 10 µg/µl), three-calcium phosphate (TCP; 50 µg/µl) and strontium carbonate (Sr; 10 µg/µl) were evaluated on hADSCs via MTT assay. In vivo femoral drill-bone hole model was produced in rats that were either left untreated or treated with autograft, Gel, Chi, HA, nHA, TCP and Sr, respectively. The animals were euthanized after 30 days. Their bone holes were evaluated by gross-pathology, histopathology, SEM and radiography. Also, their dry matter, bone ash and mineral density were measured. Results Both the Gel and Chi showed cytotoxicity, while nHA had no role on cytotoxicity and cell-viability. All the HA, TCP and Sr significantly improved cell viability when compared to...
Osteoinductive ceramics as a synthetic alternative to autologous bone grafting
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010
Biomaterials can be endowed with biologically instructive properties by changing basic parameters such as elasticity and surface texture. However, translation from in vitro proof of concept to clinical application is largely missing. Porous calcium phosphate ceramics are used to treat small bone defects but in general do not induce stem cell differentiation, which is essential for regenerating large bone defects. Here, we prepared calcium phosphate ceramics with varying physicochemical and structural characteristics. Microporosity correlated to their propensity to stimulate osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro and bone induction in vivo. Implantation in a large bone defect in sheep unequivocally demonstrated that osteoinductive ceramics are equally efficient in bone repair as autologous bone grafts. Our results provide proof of concept for the clinical application of "smart" biomaterials.
Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 2014
We report, for the first time, the synthesis of a novel triphasic and crystalline bioactive ceramic (MSM-10) with the ability to simultaneously release three types of bioactive ions (strontium (Sr), silicon (Si) and magnesium (Mg)) to the surrounding microenvironment. An MSM-10 powder with a nominal composition (wt%) of 54 Mg 2 SiO 4 , 36 Si 3 Sr 5 and 10 MgO was prepared by the sol-gel method and fabricated as porous scaffolds using the foam replication method. The effects of the different amounts of the phases in the ceramics on the mechanical and physical properties of the scaffolds as well as their in vitro and in vivo behaviors were comprehensively investigated. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP, b-tricalcium phosphate (60 wt%)/hydroxyapatite (40 wt%)) scaffolds were used as the control material. The attachment, morphology, proliferation and differentiation of primary human osteoblasts (HOBs) were investigated after cell culturing on the various scaffolds. In vitro cytotoxicity (ISO/EN 10993-5) results not only indicated the biocompatibility of MSM-10, but also its positive effects on inducing the proliferation of HOBs. Our results showed significant enhancement in osteogenic gene expression levels (Runx2, osteocalcin, osteopontin and bone sialoprotein), when HOBs were cultured on MSM-10, compared to those for BCP and other generated ceramic scaffolds. For the in vivo studies, the different types of the materials were seeded with cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and then subcutaneously transplanted into the dorsal surface of eight-week-old immunocompromised (NOD/ SCID) mice. MSM-10 demonstrated a significant amount of new bone formation compared to the other groups tested with no macroscopic signs of inflammation or toxicity in the tissue surrounding the implants. The novel MSM-10 ceramic presents promising potential for bone regeneration in orthopaedic and maxillofacial applications.
Current advances in bone tissue engineering concerning ceramic and bioglass scaffolds: A review
Ceramics International, 2019
Life expectancy has been growing, and more people are developing bone diseases such as arthritis and osteoporosis. Degenerative pathologies, injuries, and trauma can damage the bone tissues, requiring treatments that facilitate its repair, replacement, or regeneration. In this context, many materials have been developed to match this demand. Bioglasses and ceramics are promising inorganic materials to produce scaffolds for bone regeneration due to their attractive properties, such as biocompatibility, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction, besides their similarity with bone composition. Although their established advantages, these materials present limitations such as inadequate mechanical properties and fast degradation rate. Research work has been widely carried out to develop bioglasses, silicate, and phosphate calcium ceramics scaffolds with appropriated properties to enlarge their applications in bioengineering. Different fabrication techniques have also been evaluated. Incorporating other materials or particles, such as polymers, oxides and metal particles into the scaffolds has shown beneficial effects in mechanical strength and bone production stimulation. In this review, we provide an overview concerning the recent advances in developing calcium phosphates, calcium silicates, bioglasses, and composites scaffolds for bone regeneration in medical and dental applications.
Polymer-Ceramic Composite Scaffolds: The Effect of Hydroxyapatite and β-tri-Calcium Phosphate
Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2018
The design of bioactive scaffolds with improved mechanical and biological properties is an important topic of research. This paper investigates the use of polymer-ceramic composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Different ceramic materials (hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tri-calcium phosphate (TCP)) were mixed with poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). Scaffolds with different material compositions were produced using an extrusion-based additive manufacturing system. The produced scaffolds were physically and chemically assessed, considering mechanical, wettability, scanning electron microscopy and thermal gravimetric tests. Cell viability, attachment and proliferation tests were performed using human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs). Results show that scaffolds containing HA present better biological properties and TCP scaffolds present improved mechanical properties. It was also possible to observe that the addition of ceramic particles had no effect on the wettability of the scaffolds.
2014
In this study, the physicochemical characteristics of calcium phosphate based bioactive ceramics of different compositions and blends presenting similar micro/nanoporosity and micrometer scale surface texture were characterized and evaluated in an in vivo model. Prior to the animal experiment, the porosity, surface area, particle size distribution, phase quantification, and dissolution of the materials tested were evaluated. The bone regenerative properties of the materials were evaluated using a rabbit calvaria model. After 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and all samples were subjected to histologic observation and histomorphometric analysis. The material characterization showed that all materials tested presented variation in particle size, porosity and composition with different degrees of HA/TCP/lower stoichiometry phase ratios. Histologically, the calvarial defects presented temporal bone filling suggesting that all material groups were biocompatible and osteoconductive. Among the different materials tested, there were significant differences found in the amount of bone formation as a function of time. At 8 weeks, the micro/nanoporous material presenting ~ 55%TCP:45%HA composition ratio presented higher amounts of new bone regeneration relative to other blends and a decrease in the amount of soft tissue infiltration.