The Na-S (Sodium-Sulfur) system (original) (raw)
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Progress and prospects of sodium-sulfur batteries: A review
Solid State Ionics, 2017
This paper presents a review of the state of technology of sodium-sulfur batteries suitable for application in energy storage requirements such as load leveling; emergency power supplies and uninterruptible power supply. The review focuses on the progress, prospects and challenges of sodium-sulfur batteries operating at high temperature (~300°C). This paper also includes the recent development and progress of room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries.
Sodium Batteries: A Review on Sodium-Sulfur and Sodium-Air Batteries
Electronics, 2019
Lithium-ion batteries are currently used for various applications since they are lightweight, stable, and flexible. With the increased demand for portable electronics and electric vehicles, it has become necessary to develop newer, smaller, and lighter batteries with increased cycle life, high energy density, and overall better battery performance. Since the sources of lithium are limited and also because of the high cost of the metal, it is necessary to find alternatives. Sodium batteries have shown great potential, and hence several researchers are working on improving the battery performance of the various sodium batteries. This paper is a brief review of the current research in sodium-sulfur and sodium-air batteries.
Room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries as emerging energy source
Journal of Energy Storage, 2018
This paper presents research and development on room temperature sodium-sulfur battery in the last decade. The review focuses on their electrochemical performance and recent trends in tailoring the electrode materials and electrolytes to enhance their performance by the researchers worldwide. Room temperature sodium-sulfur batteries seem to provide low-cost option for grid-scale energy storage and other electrochemical applications. The challenges encountered by these batteries are highlighted and remedies are also suggested in this review.
Revisiting the Role of Polysulfides in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2018
Intermediate polysulfides (S , where n = 2-8) play a critical role in both mechanistic understanding and performance improvement of lithium-sulfur batteries. The rational management of polysulfides is of profound significance for high-efficiency sulfur electrochemistry. Here, the key roles of polysulfides are discussed, with regard to their status, behavior, and their correspondingimpact on the lithium-sulfur system. Two schools of thoughts for polysulfide management are proposed, their advantages and disadvantages are compared, and future developments are discussed.
Electrochemical Energy Reviews
Rechargeable room-temperature sodium–sulfur (Na–S) and sodium–selenium (Na–Se) batteries are gaining extensive attention for potential large-scale energy storage applications owing to their low cost and high theoretical energy density. Optimization of electrode materials and investigation of mechanisms are essential to achieve high energy density and long-term cycling stability of Na–S(Se) batteries. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress in Na–S(Se) batteries. We elucidate the Na storage mechanisms and improvement strategies for battery performance. In particular, we discuss the advances in the development of battery components, including high-performance sulfur cathodes, optimized electrolytes, advanced Na metal anodes and modified separators. Combined with current research achievements, this review outlines remaining challenges and clear research directions for the future development of practical high-performance Na–S(Se) batteries. Graphic Abstract
Advanced Functional Materials, 2020
The successful development of post-lithium technologies depends on two key elements: performance and economy. Because sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) can potentially satisfy both requirements, they are widely considered the most promising replacement for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the similarity between the electrochemical processes and the abundance of sodium-based resources. Among various SIB anode materials, metal sulfides are most extensively studied as materials for high-performance electrodes due to the versatility of their synthesis procedure, utilization potential, and high sodiation capacity. Herein, some of the most effective strategies aimed at effectively alleviating the performance shortcomings of these materials from the materials engineering/design perspective are summarized. In terms of facilitating ion transport in SIBs, which represents one of the most critical aspects of their performance, a specific family of strategies related to a particular operational mechanism is considered rather than categorizing based-on individual sulfide materials. In the foreseeable future, the development of highly functional SIBs electrode materials and utilization of metal sulfides will become highly relevant due to their stability and performance characteristics. Therefore, it is anticipated that this review will guide further research and facilitate the realization of various applications of sulfide-based high-performance rechargeable batteries.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014
Lithium/sulfur batteries a b s t r a c t Novel sulfur-rich polymer composites were prepared from the commercial polysulfide rubber through facile vulcanization methods and were firstly used as cathode material for lithium/sulfur batteries. The sulfur enriched in the composites includes three parts, the first part was inserted into the main chains of the polysulfide rubber, the second part formed insoluble polysulfide (-S n -)through self-polymerization and the third part was trapped inside the network of the above two polymer chains. The obtained sulfur-rich polymer composites have high sulfur content over 80%. Compared with the pure sulfur electrode, the composites showed better cycle stability and coulomb efficiency.