Low Birth Weight Associated Factors Among Newborns in Gondar Town, North West Ethiopia: Institutional Based CrossSectional Study (original) (raw)
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Risk factors for low birth weight in hospitals of North Wello zone, Ethiopia: A case-control study
PLOS ONE, 2019
Background Low birth weight at birth is an important underlying contributor for neonatal and infant mortality. It accounts for nearly half of all perinatal deaths. Identifying predictors of low birth weight is the first essential step in designing appropriate management strategies. Hence, this study aimed to identify risk factors for low birth weight in hospitals of northeastern Ethiopia. Methods An institution based case-control study design was conducted from 10 th April to 15 th December 2016. Three hundred sixty mother-infant pairs (120 low birth weight babies as cases and 240 normal birth weights as controls) were included in the study. Data were collected by face-to-face interview. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were computed to examine the effect of independent variables on outcome variable using SPSS 20.0. Variables with p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The mean (±SD) gestational age and birth weight (±SD) were 39.2 (±1.38) weeks and 2800 (±612), grams respectively. Partner's education/being illiterate (AOR: 4.09; 95% CI 1.45, 11.50), antenatal care visit at private health institutions (AOR: 0.13; 95% CI 0.02, 0.66), having history of obstetric complications (AOR: 5.70; 95% CI 2.38, 13.63), maternal weight during pregnancy (AOR: 4.04; 95% CI 1.50, 10.84) and gravidity (AOR: 0.36; 95% CI 0.18, 0.73) were significantly associated with low birth weight. Additionally, a site for water storage and water treatment were significant environmental factors. Conclusion Maternal weight during pregnancy, paternal education, previous obstetric complication and place of antenatal follow-up were associated with low birth weight. The risk factors identified in this study are preventable. Thus, nutritional counseling, health education on improvement
Neonatal and pediatric medicine, 2018
Background: World Health Organization defines low birth weight as weight at birth of less than 2500 g. Low birth weight could be the result of either preterm birth or restricted intrauterine growth. Globally, out of 139 million live births, about 20 million of them are low birth weight and nearly 95.6% of them are in developing countries. Ethiopia, having an infant mortality rate of 59/1000 live births, has limited data on low birth weight estimates as most deliveries take place at home. According to Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, 2011, only 5% of children were weighed at birth. The aim of this study was to assess determinants of low birth weight in Debremarkos referral hospital. Methods: Facility based case control study was undertaken from June to November 2015. The total sample size was 287 (191 controls and 96 cases). Data was collected through interview using structured questioner, actual measurements and review of clinical records. After checking for completeness and accuracy, data was entered in to Epi-info version 7 and was analyzed by SPSS version 20. Variables with P-value <0.2 in bivariate analysis were entered to multivariate analysis and variables with p-value <0.05, 95% CI were considered statistically significant. Results: Cases and controls were similar in almost all socio demographic characteristics. About 79.2% of cases and 93.2% of controls had ante natal care at least once. However, majority of cases (73.7%) had ANC visit of three or less, whereas more than half of controls (59.6%) had four or more. Parity (AOR=4.93, 95% CI, 2.55-9.52), three or less ANC visits (AOR=3.81, 95% CI, 1.82-7.99), anemia (AOR=3.91, 95% CI, 1.73-8.87), hypertensive disorders (AOR=6.13, 95% CI, 2.69-13.98) and frequency of meals per day (AOR=2.61, 95% CI, 1.26-5.38) were found significantly associated with low birth weight. Conclusions: Parity, three or less ante natal care visits, anemia, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and frequency of meals per day were found significantly associated with low birth weight. Emphasis should be given to ante natal service utilization, prevention of anemia, early detection and management of hypertensive disorders and feeding practice of pregnant women.
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2015
Background: Birth weight is an important determinant of child survival and development. So far, the prevalence and traditional maternal feeding practice correlates of low birth weight have not been explored well in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of low birth weight among mothers who delivered at governmental hospitals, Northern, Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional mixed study design was carried out in 3 zonal hospitals among 308 mothers and their respective live born baby consecutively using interviewer administered piloted questionnaire and 3 focus group discussions were conducted for the qualitative part. The mothers were interviewed and assessed within 6 hours of delivery; all babies were weighed on standard beam balance from Aug 2 to Sep 12. Data were entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was employed to identify the predictors at p < 0.05. For the qualitative study design, following iterative hearing of the discussions verbatim interpretation was done & categorized in to themes and finally triangulated with the quantitative results. Results: The prevalence of low birth weight was found to be 14.6 % (95 % CI = 12.56-16.61) and the mean and standard deviations of the birth weights were 3094.9 ± 587.6 grams. Low birth weight was associated with rural place of residence (AOR = 4.34 (95 % CI = 1.99-9.48)), preterm birth/gestational age less than 37 weeks (AOR = 18.5 (95 % CI = 4.94-69.4)), presence of any chronic medical illness (AOR = 5.3 (95 % CI = 1.12-25.45) and maternal weight <50 kg (AOR = 2.26 (95 % CI = 1.06-4.80)). It was found that tradition of selection and preference of nutritionally poor food items during pregnancy was deep-rooted in the community. Conclusion: The prevalence of low birth weight was found to be high and it was associated with rural place of residence, gestational age <37 wks, presence of any chronic medical illness & maternal weight <50 kg. Emphasis should be given to nutritional counseling and disease specific ANC provision by skilled health professionals; Discussions with the community and religious leaders are mandatory aspect on the tradition of feeding of pregnant mothers to tackle the problem. This study also calls for community based further studies.
Scientific reports, 2024
Low birth weight is a newborn delivered with birth weight of less than 2500 g regardless of gestational age is called. It is a significant issue affecting over 30 million infants worldwide. Thus, the study determine factors associated with low birth weight among newborns delivered at Mettu Karl Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. A facility-based case-control study was conducted with 336 newborns (112 cases and 224 controls) from September 12 to December 23, 2022. The study population was newborns with birth weights of 2500 g to 4000 g as controls and newborns with birth weights < 2500 g were cases. Simple random sampling techniques were used to recruit study participants with a ratio of 1 to 3 cases to controls, respectively. Data was collected by interviews and a checklist. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS version 23. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were computed to identify factors associated with low birth weight, a p-value less than 0.05 was used to declare the strength of statistical significance. A total of 327 newborns were contacted, yielding a 97% response rate. MUAC < 23 cm (AOR = 2.72, 95% CI 1.24 to 6.19), inadequate diet diversification (AOR = 4.19, 95% CI 2.04 to 8.60), lack of iron and folic acid supplementation (AOR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.25 to 6.88), history of hypertension (AOR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.09 to 6.00), and lack of nutritional counselling (AOR = 4.63, 95% CI 2.22 to 9.64) were determinants of low birth weight. Low birth weight is linked to residence, maternal MUAC, hypertension history, and ANC visit. Lifestyle modifications, early detection, management, and nutrition information can reduce risk.
PONS - medicinski casopis
Objective. The study is aimed to assess the determinants of low birth weight among term neonates born in the health facilities of Kambata Tembaro Zone, Ethiopia. Methods. An Institution-based case control study was conducted. Term neonates born with birth weight less than 2500.00 g (LBW) were grouped into cases, and those term neonates with weight greater or equal to 2500.00 g were grouped as controls. A total of 282 participants (57 cases and 225 controls) were included with controls to cases ratio of 4:1. Binary logistic regression was done to get candidate variables. An adjusted odd ratio (aOR) was estimated from multivariable analysis with corresponding confidence interval to assess the strength of the association and statistical significance between the independent and the outcome variable. Results. A total of 282 term neonates (57 cases and 225 controls) comprised the study participants. The mean birth weight of the neonates was 2041.23 g (standard deviation-SD 339.00) for cases and 376.00 g (438.572) for controls. Among mothers of neonates 38 (66.7%) cases' and 146 (64.9%) controls' were age > 24 years old. Household food insecurity (aOR=6.74; 95% confidence interval-CI 2.78-16.36), gender of neonates (aOR=2.74, 1.24-6.05), iron supplementation (aOR=9.71, 3.51-26.88), additional food during pregnancy (aOR=5.49, 2.49-12.11) and anemia (aOR=3.51, 1.56-7.85) were significantly associated with LBW at term. Conclusion. Neonatal, maternal and dietary factors are mutually associated with low birth weight among term neonates included in our study.
Risk factors for low birth weight in Bale zone hospitals, South-East Ethiopia : a case–control study
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 2015
Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is closely associated with foetal and neonatal mortality and morbidity, inhibite growth and cognitive development and resulted chronic diseases later in life. Many factors affect foetal growth and thus, the birth weight. These factors operate to various extents in different environments and cultures. The prevalence of low birth weight in the study area is the highest in the country. To the investigator's knowledge in Bale Zone, no study has yet been done to elucidate the risk factors for low birth weight using case control study design. This study was aimed to identify the risk factors of low birth weight in Bale zone hospitals. Methods: A case-control study design was applied from April 1st to August 30th, 2013. A total of 387 mothers (136 cases and 272 controls) were interviewed using structured and pretested questionnaire by trained data collectors working in delivery ward. For each case, two consecutive controls were included in the study. All cases and controls were mothers with singleton birth, full term babies, no diabetes mellitus and no hypertensive. The data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 statistical package. The association between the independent variables and dependent variable (birth weight) was evaluated through bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. Result: Maternal age at delivery <20 years (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3; 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.65-5.73), monthly income <26 United States Dollarr (USD) (AOR = 3.8; 95 % CI = 1.54-9.41), lack of formal education (AOR = 6; 95 % CI = 1.34-26.90), being merchant (AOR = 0.1; 95 %CI = 0.02-0.52) and residing in rural area (AOR = 2.1; 95 % CI = 1.04-4.33) were socioeconomic variables associated with low birth weight. Maternal risk factors like occurrence of health problems during pregnancy (AOR = 6.3; 95 % CI = 2.75-14.48), maternal body mass index <18 kg/m2 (AOR = 6.7; 95 % CI = 1.21-37.14), maternal height <1.5m (AOR = 3.7; 95 % CI = 1.22-11.28), inter-pregnancy interval <2 years (AOR = 3; 95 % CI = 1.58-6.31], absence of antenatal care (OR = 2.9; 95 % CI = 1.23-6.94) and history of khat chewing (AOR = 6.4; 95 % CI = 2.42-17.10) and environmental factors such as using firewood for cooking (AOR = 2.7; 95 % CI = 1.01-7.17), using kerosene for cooking (AOR = 8.9; 95 % CI = 2.54-31.11), wash hands with water only (AOR = 2.2; 95 % CI = 1.30-3.90) and not having separate kitchen room (AOR = 2.6; 95 % CI = 1.36-4.85) were associated with low birth weight. Conclusion: Women who residing in rural area, faced health problems during current pregnancy, had no antenatal care follow-up and use firewood as energy source were found to be more likely to give low birth weight babies. Improving a mother's awareness and practice for a healthy pregnancy needs to be emphasized to reverse LBW related problems.
Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics
Background: Birth weight predicts the infant's future health, growth, and viability. It is a good summary measure of many public health problems that include long-term maternal malnutrition, and poor health care during pregnancy. In developing countries, a birth weight below 2500 g is the leading cause of infant and child mortality. In Ethiopia, LBW had more than 13% prevalence. Determinants of low birth weight were yet to be completely understood. Therefore, this study investigates the predictors of low birth weight. Objective: To identify determinants of low birth weight among newborns delivered at Addis Ababa public hospitals, 2019. Methods: Institution-based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 279 (93 cases and 186 controls) newborns delivered from March 15 to April 30, 2019, in Addis Ababa public hospitals. Consecutive and systematic random sampling were employed to select cases and controls, respectively. Data were collected by interview using structured and pretested questionnaire. Finally, data were entered using Epi-data 4.2 and analysed using SPSS version 25. Factors having P-value < 0.25 in the bivariable logistic regression model were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. Statistical significance was declared at P-value ≤ 0.05. Results: From 279 selected participants, 270 new-borns (90 cases and 180 controls) participated. In logistic regression model, significant association was found with gestational hypertension [AOR 3.7 (95% CI 1.6-8.7)], maternal height [AOR 5.7 (95% CI 1.7-19.7)], incomplete antenatal visit [AOR 6.7 (95% CI 3.2-15.3)], and low maternal educational status [AOR 3.8 (95% CI 1.3-10.9)]. Conclusion: Predictors of low birth weight were maternal height <155 cm, complications during pregnancy, gestational hypertension, and incomplete Antenatal visit, and low maternal education. Stakeholders would better work together to reduce low birth weight by preparing appropriate intervention and monitoring policy.
Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 2019
Background: Low birth weight is defined as infant born with weight of less than 2500 g. It is one of the major public health problems worldwide. In Ethiopia, there are limited evidences on factors contributing to low birthweight. Objective: To assess factors associated with low birth weight babies in Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Hawassa, Ethiopia from March to April, 2018. Methods and Materials: An unmatched case control study was conducted at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. All low birth weight newborns and two unmatched controls for each case were included in the study from March to April, 2018. Data were collected through face to face interview using a structured and pretested questionnaire. The collected data were managed with Epi-data version 3.1 software and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with low birth weight at p-value < 0.05 with their respective odds ratios and 95% confidence interval. Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to assess goodness-of-fit. Results: In this study 330 mother-newborn pairs (110 cases and 220 controls) were participated making 100% response rate. Among the participants 325(98.48%) were married, 164 (49.7%) were Protestant, 296 (89.7%) had ANC follow up and 212 (64.24%) were multipara. Mothers' mid-upper arm circumference less than 220 mm [(AOR) =2.89, 95% CI: 1.58, 5.29)], lack of nutritional counseling [AOR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.3, 4.34], presence of complications during pregnancy [AOR = 2.96, 95%CI: 1.55, 5.64)] and lack of iron supplementations during pregnancy [AOR = 2.89, 95%CI: 1.58, 5.29)] were significantly associated with Low birth weight. Conclusions: Mothers' mid-upper arm circumference less than 220 mm, lack of nutritional counseling, presence of complications and lack of iron supplementations during current pregnancy were significantly associated with low birth weight. Counseling on nutrition during prenatal care needs attention of service providers.
Pan African Medical Journal
Introduction: more than 20 million infants were born with low birth weight in worldwide. Low birth weight contributes more than 80 percent of all the neonatal mortality. In Ethiopia, studies have shown that there is a high prevalence of low birth weight among newborns. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the magnitude and associated factors with low birth weight among newborns delivered at term in Kambata-Tembaro zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: institution based cross-sectional study design was used. The sample size was proportionally allocated to each hospital. The total of 341 study participants was enrolled using systematic random sampling techniques. Data were collected by interviewadministered questionnaire and entered using Epi-Info version-7 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify associated factors with the low birth weight. Results: the prevalence of low birth weight was 18% and significantly associated with the mothers' non-employment [aOR=5.4;95%CI:1.7-17.4], residing in the rural [AOR=5.4; 95%CI:2.1-14.7], unintended pregnancy [aOR=2.0;95%CI:1.2-3.8], not attending antenatal care [aOR=2.3;95%CI: 1.3-2.7], mothers with greater than three births [aOR=1.5;95% CI:1.8-2.6], birth interval less than or equal to two years [aOR=1.9;95%CI:1.6-3.6] and intimate partner violence during pregnancy [aOR=2.1:95% CI: 1.1-3.9]. Conclusion: the study finding shown that the prevalence of low birth weight among newborn was high (18%) in the study. Preventing of low birth weight is an important intervention to reduce neonatal death. Therefore, maximizing women economic status, providing quality family planning services, enabling pregnant women to use antenatal care and preventing intimate partner violence during pregnancy via launching women empowering strategies in the community level is highly recommend.
Asian Journal of Medicine and Health, 2020
Background: Birth weight is an important indicator of health status of an infant and is a principal factor that determines the infant‘s, physical, survival and mental growth. Though efforts made in reducing incidences of low birth weight worldwide, the problem of low birth weight remains global health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia. Objective: To determine prevalence of Low Birth Weight and associated factor, among the neonates born in Ataye primary hospital from June 1, 2017 GC- May 30, 2018 G.C. Methods: A facility based cross sectional study was carried out on birth weight distribution. Data was collected from delivery registration book of obstetrics department and Medical records of the mother by using structured data collection format. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed. Adjusted odd ratio with 95% CI was calculated to see strength of association and P<0.05 was taken as level of statistical sign...