Pet Food as the Most Concrete Strategy for Using Food Waste as Feedstuff within the European Context: A Feasibility Study (original) (raw)
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The initial motivation for this book originated several years ago when it was suggested by Dr. Arnold Taft of the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service that a symposium be held on the use of food waste as animal feed. Five symposia have since been held to discuss this idea. These symposia were sponsored by the New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Rutgers Cooperative Extension, USDA-APHIS, and the National Pork Producers Council. The organization that resulted from these meetings is now called the Food Recovery and Recycling Association of North America. These meetings have focused upon research and product development, equipment and new technology, regulation and terminology, and the food-waste dilemma. The magnitude of the food-waste disposal problem cannot be understated. According to a Franklin and Associates (1998) survey conducted for the Environmental Protection Agency, food waste contributes 10%, or 21.9 million tons, of municipal solid waste (MSW). Only about 2.4% of this total is recycled. Food waste, because of the low disposal rate and other problems associated with disposal, may represent the single greatest disposal problem for MSW. Food waste's high nutrient content makes it a potential animal feed. Most analyses reveal food waste to have high protein and fat content, both in excess of 20%. Any animal feeding problems relate primarily to animal health concerns, moisture content, and nutrient variability. The bulk of research completed with food waste has used wet waste for animal feed; however, recent projects have used various processed (extruded, dehydrated, pelleted, ensiled, etc.) products in animal feeding experiments. The ability to further process and dewater food waste would allow preservation, storage, and easier use commercially. Terminology varies throughout the book. Some authors use the term food waste to refer to food plate waste only, while others may use it to refer to either plate or nonplate food waste (plate waste being unique x Preface xi 10 Westendorf Table 1.4. Food processing by-products-type and amount produced Type Amount (in tons) Animal Products Meat and bone meal 2.0 million Edible tallow 2.8 million Restaurant grease 1.1 million Feather meal 200,000 Fish meal 311,199 Dry whey 98,477 Dry milk 9,372 Grain Milling Byproducts Corn gluten feed and meal 6.4 million Distillers grains 1.4 million Brewers dried grains 117,300 Source: USDA-ERS 1992. 12 Westendorf with processed food waste as a feedstuff for both ruminants and monogastric animals. All of these involve some form of further processing (extruding, pelleting, or dehydrating) or some other treatment such as ensiling. This book focuses on the use of food wastes as animal feed. Issues of safety, regulation, management, processing, and quality control will be discussed. It is hoped that this discussion will stimulate further interest in the topic. It is unclear just how much food waste is available. The estimates used in this chapter are from several different sources (EPA, USDA, CAST, NRC, and several private estimates) and may often appear to be inconsistent comparisons. Estimates are that 20% of food from production to consumption is lost as waste. The 21.9 million ton figure given earlier only represents municipal waste and not that from food processing or rendering waste. These numbers indicate that improvements in the recycling of food waste are possible. The use of food waste as animal feed may optimize energy savings by comparison with the other options (landfills, incinerators, biosolids, soil amendments, etc.) currently available. References Altizio, B. A., P. A. Schoknecht, and M. L. Westendorf. 1998. Growing swine prefer a corn/soybean diet over dry, processed food waste.