Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infections in the clinical laboratory (original) (raw)
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Acta Medica Mediterranea, 2014
Aim: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections are common among children and adults around the world. The clinical suspicion and identification of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is critically important in the treatment of this disease. It is important to understand the regional distribution of EBV seropositivity for diagnosis and clinical approach. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the regional EBV seropositivity in children and adults, differences in development of the disease and clinical changes over time. Materials and methods: The EBV viral-capsid antigen (VCA) IgM and EBV VCA/early antigen (EA) IgG test results of 6822 patients sent to a microbiology laboratory between January 2009 and December 2012 were included in to the study. Tests were conducted using the VIDAS(Biomérieux, France) system in accordance with the kit package insert. Results: The average age was 17.8 years (among 0-94 ages). Of the patients, 2166 (31.8%) were adults, and 4656 (68.2%) were children. A total of 2677 of the children (57.5%) were male, and 1979 (42.5%) were female. There were 1036 (47.8%)male and 1130 (52.2%) female adults. Acute infection was detected in 422 of the patients (6.6%). 342 (81%) of these patients were children. Previous infection was present in 4875 patients (71.7%). Of the children, 7.3% were acute cases. A total of 3.7% of the patients were adult acute cases. Adult patients with previous infection numbered 89.5%, while 63.3% of them were children in this group. There were 1525 (22.4%) seronegative patients. Of these, 1378 were children (90.4%), and 147 (9.6%) were adults. Encountering rate with EBV infectionsdecreased and seronegativity increased with time. Conclusion: The 22.4% measurement of seronegativity among thepatients in our regionsuggests that personal precaution trainingis effective. This situation is consistent with the decreased seronegativity in children over time.
Epidemiology of the Epstein-Barr virus infection and associated tumors in man
Bibliotheca haematologica, 1975
Background: Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gamma-herpesvirus with which~95% of the healthy population is infected. EBV infection has been implicated in a range of haematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Delayed primary EBV infection increases the risk of subsequent complications. Contemporaneous seroepidemiological data is needed to establish best approaches for successful vaccination strategies in the future. Methods: We conducted a sero-epidemiological survey using serum samples from 2325 individuals between 0 and 25 years old to assess prevalence of detectable anti-EBV antibodies. Second, we conducted a retrospective review of Hospital Episode Statistics to examine changes in Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) incidence over time. We then conducted a large case-control study of 6306 prevalent IM cases and 1,009,971 unmatched controls extracted from an East London GP database to determine exposures associated with IM. Results: 1982/2325 individuals (85.3%) were EBV seropositive. EBV seropositivity increased more rapidly in females than males during adolescence (age 10-15). Between 2002 and 2013, the incidence of IM (derived from hospital admissions data) increased. Exposures associated with an increased risk of IM were lower BMI, White ethnicity, and not smoking. Conclusions: We report that overall EBV seroprevalence in the UK appears to have increased, and that a sharp increase in EBV seropositivity is seen in adolescent females, but not males. The incidence of IM requiring hospitalisation is increasing. Exposures associated with prevalent IM in a diverse population include white ethnicity, lower BMI, and never-smoking, and these exposures interact with each other. Lastly, we provide pilot evidence suggesting that antibody responses to vaccine and commonly encountered pathogens do not appear to be diminished among EBV-seronegative individuals. Our findings could help to inform vaccine study designs in efforts to prevent IM and late complications of EBV infection, such as Multiple Sclerosis.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Adults
Mediterranean Journal of Infection Microbes and Antimicrobials, 2018
Introduction: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4, is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis. Infection with EBV is associated with multiple malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for seropositivity. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital in İstanbul between August 2012 and October 2012. Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen IgG antibody was measured using ELISA in 500 cases. Age, gender, occupation, education level, family income, the area and type of residence, and chronic illness of the participants were also evaluated. Differences between risk groups were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean age of the 500 study participants was 47.7±19.1 (15-87) years and 289 (57.8%) were male. Mean EBV seropositivity was 96.4%, and 91% of the cases became seropositive for EBV by 15 years of age. No significant associations with age, gender, occupation, education level, family income, area and type of residence, and chronic illness were detected. Conclusion: Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity rates were very high and about 91% of the cases become seropositive for EBV by 15 years of age. There was no significant relationship between risk factors and seroprevalence of EBV.
Epstein‐Barr Virus Infects B and Non‐B Lymphocytes in HIV‐1–Infected Children and Adolescents
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2006
1-infected children are unknown. We found that, in 74% of EBV-seropositive, HIV-1-infected children, EBV DNA loads at the start of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were comparable with those in acutely EBV-infected, HIV-negative children. EBV DNA load remained elevated in most HIV-1-infected children for months to years of follow-up. Frequencies of interferon-g-producing EBV-specific CD8 + T cells were comparable with those in healthy control children, and antibodies to EBV nuclear antigen were detected in 73% of EBV-seropositive children. Detectable EBV DNA load was not correlated with HIV-1 RNA level or with CD4 + T cell count increase after the start of HAART. Because of its resemblance to chronic active EBV, we studied the cellular tropism of EBV in these patients. EBV DNA was found not only in the CD19 + B cell fraction but also-at stable levels-in the CD4 + and CD8 + T cell fractions. Although the reason for the aberrant T cell tropism of EBV remains unclear, these data may provide an explanation for the differential EBV dynamics in the presence of normal serological findings.