Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infections in the clinical laboratory (original) (raw)
Epidemiology of the Epstein-Barr virus infection and associated tumors in man
Bibliotheca haematologica, 1975
Background: Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous gamma-herpesvirus with which~95% of the healthy population is infected. EBV infection has been implicated in a range of haematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Delayed primary EBV infection increases the risk of subsequent complications. Contemporaneous seroepidemiological data is needed to establish best approaches for successful vaccination strategies in the future. Methods: We conducted a sero-epidemiological survey using serum samples from 2325 individuals between 0 and 25 years old to assess prevalence of detectable anti-EBV antibodies. Second, we conducted a retrospective review of Hospital Episode Statistics to examine changes in Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) incidence over time. We then conducted a large case-control study of 6306 prevalent IM cases and 1,009,971 unmatched controls extracted from an East London GP database to determine exposures associated with IM. Results: 1982/2325 individuals (85.3%) were EBV seropositive. EBV seropositivity increased more rapidly in females than males during adolescence (age 10-15). Between 2002 and 2013, the incidence of IM (derived from hospital admissions data) increased. Exposures associated with an increased risk of IM were lower BMI, White ethnicity, and not smoking. Conclusions: We report that overall EBV seroprevalence in the UK appears to have increased, and that a sharp increase in EBV seropositivity is seen in adolescent females, but not males. The incidence of IM requiring hospitalisation is increasing. Exposures associated with prevalent IM in a diverse population include white ethnicity, lower BMI, and never-smoking, and these exposures interact with each other. Lastly, we provide pilot evidence suggesting that antibody responses to vaccine and commonly encountered pathogens do not appear to be diminished among EBV-seronegative individuals. Our findings could help to inform vaccine study designs in efforts to prevent IM and late complications of EBV infection, such as Multiple Sclerosis.
Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Adults
Mediterranean Journal of Infection Microbes and Antimicrobials, 2018
Introduction: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as human herpesvirus 4, is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis. Infection with EBV is associated with multiple malignancies. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for seropositivity. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital in İstanbul between August 2012 and October 2012. Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen IgG antibody was measured using ELISA in 500 cases. Age, gender, occupation, education level, family income, the area and type of residence, and chronic illness of the participants were also evaluated. Differences between risk groups were statistically analyzed. Results: The mean age of the 500 study participants was 47.7±19.1 (15-87) years and 289 (57.8%) were male. Mean EBV seropositivity was 96.4%, and 91% of the cases became seropositive for EBV by 15 years of age. No significant associations with age, gender, occupation, education level, family income, area and type of residence, and chronic illness were detected. Conclusion: Epstein-Barr virus seropositivity rates were very high and about 91% of the cases become seropositive for EBV by 15 years of age. There was no significant relationship between risk factors and seroprevalence of EBV.
International Journal of Cancer, 2012
In most underdeveloped countries, the initial contact with Epstein Barr virus (EBV) usually happens in the first decade of life and results in an asymptomatic infection, whereas in developed areas, primary infection in adolescence or adulthood is accompanied by infectious mononucleosis in 50% cases. Although it is generally a harmless passenger, in some individuals, it is associated with B-cell lymphoma. In Argentina, EBV primary infection shows the classical pattern observed in developing populations, given that nearly 70% of patients are seropositive by the age of 2 years. However, EBV association with pediatric Hodgkin and Burkitt lymphoma resembles that observed in developed regions. Concerning diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, our series demonstrated higher EBV association than other adult ones from either developed or underdeveloped countries. Interestingly, the early EBV primary infection observed, characteristic of an underdeveloped population, together with the statistically significant EBV association with patients 10 years old demonstrated in all types of lymphoma studied, suggest a relationship between low age of EBV seroconversion and B-cell lymphoma development risk.
Epstein‐Barr Virus Infects B and Non‐B Lymphocytes in HIV‐1–Infected Children and Adolescents
The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2006
1-infected children are unknown. We found that, in 74% of EBV-seropositive, HIV-1-infected children, EBV DNA loads at the start of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were comparable with those in acutely EBV-infected, HIV-negative children. EBV DNA load remained elevated in most HIV-1-infected children for months to years of follow-up. Frequencies of interferon-g-producing EBV-specific CD8 + T cells were comparable with those in healthy control children, and antibodies to EBV nuclear antigen were detected in 73% of EBV-seropositive children. Detectable EBV DNA load was not correlated with HIV-1 RNA level or with CD4 + T cell count increase after the start of HAART. Because of its resemblance to chronic active EBV, we studied the cellular tropism of EBV in these patients. EBV DNA was found not only in the CD19 + B cell fraction but also-at stable levels-in the CD4 + and CD8 + T cell fractions. Although the reason for the aberrant T cell tropism of EBV remains unclear, these data may provide an explanation for the differential EBV dynamics in the presence of normal serological findings.
Clinical and laboratory presentation of EBV positive infectious mononucleosis in young adults
Epidemiology and Infection, 2003
Clinical descriptions of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive infectious mononucleosis (IM) are rare and their results are inconsistent. Over a 4-year period, we prospectively studied 590 young adults with clinically suspected IM, all of whom were tested for the presence of EBV IgM antibodies. We investigated the demographical, clinical and laboratory features of subjects with positive EBV IgM serology and heterophile antibodies. Contrary to previous studies, we found a seasonal disease pattern with a peak incidence during summer months, and a lower-than-expected prevalence of lymphadenopathy (88 . 9 %), leucocytosis (46 . 2 %), atypical lymphocytosis (89 . 2%) and elevated liver enzymes (57 . 9%). The prevalence of hyperbilirubinemia was relatively high (14 . 9 %). The classic triad of fever, sore throat and lymph-adenopathy had relatively low sensitivity (68 . 2 %) and specificity (41 . 9 %) for EBV infection. Our study provides a complete and updated description of the clinical and laboratory presentation of laboratory confirmed IM, which is important for both clinicians and epidemiologists.
Trend and seroprevalence of Epstein–Barr virus in Bahrain: 2001–2015
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2017
Tendance et séroprévalence du virus d'Epstein Barr à Bahreïn (2001-2015) RÉSUMÉ À Bahreïn, il n'existe aucune information épidémiologique adéquate sur le taux d'infection par le virus Epstein Barr (EBV). Or, des données dans ce domaine pourraient permettre de mettre au point des mesures de protection contre les infections par EBV. La présente étude avait ainsi pour objectif d'examiner la tendance de l'infection par EBV à Bahreïn sur une période de 15 ans (2001-2015). Les résultats sérologiques de 10 560 patients ayant une infection par EBV suspecte ont été évalués. Les échantillons prélevés au centre médical de Salmaniya entre 2001 et 2015 ont été inclus. La présence ou l'absence des anticorps IgG de l'antigène de la capside virale de l'EBV, IgM de la capside virale, et IgG dirigés contre l'antigène nucléaire de l'EBV (EBNA) a été enregistrée. Sur les 10 560 échantillons, 10 333 étaient utilisables. Sur ce nombre, 86,1 % étaient séropositifs, et montraient une tendance à la hausse des cas d'infection par EBV sur la période couverte par l'étude. Une primo-infection à EBV a été trouvée pour 7,4 % des échantillons, et sur ce chiffre, 47,3 % des sujets avaient entre 5 et 19 ans. La réactivation de l'EBV a été observée dans 11 % des échantillons séropositifs. Sur ce nombre, 50 % des sujets avaient 25 ans ou plus. Le patient séropositif le plus jeune était âgé de 11 mois. L'EBV est une infection courante à Bahreïn. La plupart des infections ont lieu entre l'âge d'un et cinq ans, tandis que les cas de réactivation de l'infection apparaissent après l'âge de 25 ans. La surveillance en série de l'infection par EBV est requise à Bahreïn. Des mesures de protection contre cet type d'iinfection devraient être mises en place.
Evaluation of Epstein-Barr Virus Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay Results
2020
Background: The aim of this study was to diagnose Epstein-Barr virüs (EBV) infection using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) method and to evaluate these patients clinically. More than 90% of children are infected with EBV until the age of six. Methods: The tests were studied by using EBV IIFA method. A total of 247 patients, 186 adults, and 61 children, were included in the study. Results: 5 (2.7%) of the adults were EBV-Capsid antigen (EBV-CA) IgM positive, 175 (94.1%) were IgG positive and 6 (3.2%) were seronegative. 10 (16.4%) of the child patients were IgM positive, which is considered as an acute infectious mononucleosis (IM) infection marker, whereas the child patients had a significantly higher IgM rate than adults (p <0.001). 39 (63.9%) of the child patients were IgG positive and 12 (19.7%) of them were seronegative. The rate of IgG positivity in children was significantly lower than in adults (p <0.001).There was no significant difference between the genders i...
Clinical and virologic characteristics of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection
Blood, 2001
infection Clinical and virologic characteristics of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/content/98/2/280.full.html Updated information and services can be found at: (5022 articles) Immunobiology (3722 articles) Clinical Trials and Observations Articles on similar topics can be found in the following Blood collections http://bloodjournal.hematologylibrary.org/site/misc/rights.xhtml#repub\_requests
PLoS pathogens, 2015
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection often occurs in early childhood and is asymptomatic. However, if delayed until adolescence, primary infection may manifest as acute infectious mononucleosis (AIM), a febrile illness characterised by global CD8+ T-cell lymphocytosis, much of it reflecting a huge expansion of activated EBV-specific CD8+ T-cells. While the events of AIM have been intensely studied, little is known about how these relate to asymptomatic primary infection. Here Gambian children (14-18 months old, an age at which many acquire the virus) were followed for the ensuing six months, monitoring circulating EBV loads, antibody status against virus capsid antigen (VCA) and both total and virus-specific CD8+ T-cell numbers. Many children were IgG anti-VCA-positive and, though no longer IgM-positive, still retained high virus loads comparable to AIM patients and had detectable EBV-specific T-cells, some still expressing activation markers. Virus loads and the frequency/activation ...