Biochemical, pathological and clinical aspects of dilated cardiomyopathy in doberman pinscher dogs [microform] (original) (raw)
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The Veterinary Journal, 2001
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by chamber dilatation and myocardial systolic and diastolic dysfunction, is one of the most common heart diseases in dogs. The aetiology of the myocardial hypokineis is seldom known in the individual case of DCM, although several theories concerning genetic, nutritional, metabolic, inflammatory, infectious, or drug-or toxin-induced myocardial disease have been discussed. DCM is often referred to as being breed-specific for Boxers, Doberman Pinschers, English Cocker Spaniels and other breeds. Review of reports on histopathologic findings in canine DCM reveals two histologically distinct forms of DCM; (1) cardiomyopathy of boxers and of Doberman pinschers, corresponding to the 'fatty infiltration-degenerative' type, and (2) the form seen in many giant, large-and medium-sized breeds, including some boxers and Doberman pinschers, which can be classified as the 'attenuated wavy fiber' type of DCM. The classification of canine idiopathic DCM according to histologic findigns seems superior to classification suggesting breed-specific syndromes, as some breeds (i.e. boxers and Doberman pinschers) may be affected by both diseases. However, ante mortem aetiological diagnosis of DCM is difficult. DCM carries a poor prognosis in dogs, and few prognostic indicators have been identified.
Histologic Characterization of Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Veterinary Pathology, 2005
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), characterized by chamber dilatation and myocardial systolic and diastolic dysfunction, is one of the most common heart diseases in dogs. The clinical diagnosis is based on findings on echocardiographic and Doppler examinations, with the active exclusion of other acquired or congenital heart diseases. However, the echocardiographic criteria for the diagnosis of DCM are not wholly specific for the disease, and histologic examination may be necessary for final diagnosis. Review of reports on histologic findings in dogs with clinically diagnosed DCM reveals two histologically distinct forms of DCM: 1) cardiomyopathy of Boxers and Doberman Pinschers, corresponding to the “fatty infiltration-degenerative” type and 2) the form seen in many giant, large-, and medium-sized breeds, including some Boxers and Doberman Pinschers, classified as the “attenuated wavy fiber” type of DCM. The histologic changes of the attenuated wavy fiber type of DCM may precede clinica...
Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most common cardiac disease in large breed dogs and is inherited in Doberman Pinschers with a high prevalence (58%). Objective: The European Society for Veterinary Cardiology convened a task force to formulate screening guidelines for DCM in Dobermans. Recommendations: Screening for occult DCM in Dobermans should start at three years of age and use both Holter monitoring and echocardiography. Yearly screening over the life of the dog is recommended, as a one-time screening is not sufficient to rule out future development of DCM. The preferred echocardiographic method is the measurement of the left ventricular volume by Simpson's method
Diagnosis, Prognosis, Management, Treatment, Research and Advances in Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy
2021
Dilated cardiomyopathy involves enlargement of the ventricular chamber and systolic dysfunction. The reduction in quality of life and increased levels of congestive heart failure, combined with the high diagnosis rate within the canine population, highlights the need for research into this disorder. This chapter looks at prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy. It details the disease pathology and physiology through to present clinical practices and studies to support prevention and treatment. This chapter also looks at the research being undertaken to further understand cardiomyopathies in dogs and develop new interventions. This ranges from fatty acids profiles to genetics and even personalized medicine and comparisons with human cardiomyopathy.
Prevalence of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Doberman Pinschers in Various Age Groups
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2010
Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Doberman Pinschers is an autosomal dominant inherited disease. The prevalence of DCM in Doberman Pinschers of various age groups in Europe is currently unknown, but this information would be important to develop recommendations for screening programs. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of cardiomyopathy in various age groups of Dobermans. Animals: Seven hundred and seventy-five examinations in 412 Doberman Pinschers. Methods: Dogs were included in a prospective longitudinal cohort study. Each examination included echocardiography and 24-hour ECG (Holter) examination. A cutoff value of 4100 ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) per 24 hours on Holter examination or abnormal echocardiography was considered diagnostic for cardiomyopathy. The cumulative prevalence included all dogs with DCM and healthy dogs 47 years of age. Results: DCM prevalence in various age groups was as follows: age group 1 (1 to o2 years) 3.3%, age group 2 (2 to o4 years) 9.9%, age group 3 (4 to o6 years) 12.5%, age group 4 (6 to o8 years) 43.6%, and age group 5 (48 years) 44.1%. The cumulative prevalence of Doberman Pinscher cardiomyopathy was 58.2%. There was an equal sex distribution, but male dogs showed earlier echocardiographic changes than did female dogs, which had significantly more VPCs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The prevalence of Doberman cardiomyopathy is very high in Europe. Disease manifestation and progression are different between male and female dogs. Yearly screening for DCM by Holter examination and echocardiography is recommended, starting at 2 years of age.
Clinical features and incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs of South Gujarat, India
INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL HEALTH
The present study aimed to study the incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy and its clinical features in dogs of South Gujarat, India. The dogs showing clinical signs such as exercise intolerance, dyspnoea, coughing, abdominal enlargement, vomiting and syncope were suspected of cardiac abnormalities and subjected to ECG and Echo for confirmatory diagnosis. All 56 suspected cases of cardiac abnormalities were screened for confirmatory diagnosis using electrocardiography and echocardiography, and their incidence of dilated cardiomyopathy was recorded as per age, breed and sex. The overall incidence of DCM was recorded as 0.52% (33 of total 6366 registered cases) with the higher incidence in dogs aged between 3-6 years (51.52%), followed by >6 years (42.42%) and < 3 years (6.06%). The most commonly affected breed was Labrador Retriever (69.70%), followed by Nondescript breed (12.12%), Cocker Spaniel (6.06%) and Golden Retriever, Bullmastiff, German Shepherd and Pug (3.03% each). Incidence was more predominant in males than females. Among all prominent clinical signs, exercise intolerance and dyspnoea were most frequently observed, followed by weakness, coughing, inappetence, weight loss, abdominal enlargement, vomiting and syncope. Special cardiovascular clinical signs were tachycardia and murmur, pulse deficit, ascites, pedal oedema, pulmonary oedema, jugular venous distension and muffled heart sound. In the present study, dilated cardiomyopathy was observed most commonly in middle-aged dogs; therefore, it is suggested that awareness in owners will be helpful for early diagnosis and further follow-up treatment to enhance the lifespan of affected dogs.
Study on Pathomorphological Changes in 21 Cases of Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy
2016
Twenty one dogs of different breeds admitted to the Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital with the clinical history suggestive of heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy. The incidence of DCM in various age groups, breed and sex were recorded in this study. The electrocardiography revealed a trial fibrillation and sinus tachycardia with right ventricular enlargement. The thoracic radiography showed cardiomegaly with pulmonary edema. Ultrasonography showed mild to moderate enlargement of left ventricle and atrium and pericardial effusion. Postmortem examination was conducted in the dogs died due to DCM and the necropsy findings showed grossly dilated and flabby heart. Histopathologically two distinct forms of DCM (i) ‘attenuated wavy fiber (AWF)’ type and (ii) ‘fatty infiltration – degenerative (FID)’ type.
DIAgNOSTIC mETHODS Of CARDIOmYOPATHY IN DOgS - OLD AND NEw PERSPECTIVES AND mETHODS
2000
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality especially in large breed dogs. New diagnostic methods have been developed in the past few years to diagnose the disease early and improve chances of survival. Familial predisposition to DCM in some breeds opens possibilities of the early diagnosing by genetic testing and research has been done to find the causative molecular abnormalities. Doppler echocardiography and new sensitive methods like Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI), a 24 to 48 hours electrocardiography (Holter monitoring), and cardiac biochemical markers such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and cardiac troponin I are-among others-the most promising methods in detection of DCM.
Basics OVERVIEW The heart of the dog is composed of four chambers; the top two chambers are the left and right atria and the bottom two chambers are the left and right ventricles; heart valves are located between the left atrium and the left ventricle (mitral valve); between the right atrium and the right ventricle (tricuspid valve); from the left ventricle to the aorta (the main artery of the body; valve is the aortic valve); and from the right ventricle to the main pulmonary (lung) artery (pulmonary valve) ―Cardiomyopathy‖ is the medical term for disease of the heart muscle; ―dilated cardiomyopathy‖ (DCM) is a disease in which the heart muscle is flabby and weak Dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs is characterized by left-and right-sided enlargement of the lumen of the chambers of the heart; normal coronary arteries; normal (or minimally diseased) atrioventricular valves (that is, the mitral and tricuspid valves); significantly decreased ability to contract the heart muscle; and heart-muscle dysfunction GENETICS Genetic cause or heritable susceptibility strongly suspected in most affected breeds and documented in some breeds (Portuguese water dog, boxer, and Doberman pinscher), with variable forms of inheritance A genetic test is available commercially for the genetic mutations in the boxer and Doberman pinscher; these particular genetic mutations do not appear to cause dilated cardiomyopathy in other breeds that are likely to develop the disease