Leaf flavonoid aglycone patterns in the species of Dipterocarpaceae in Sri Lanka (original) (raw)
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Leaf flavonoid patterns in Dipterocarpus and Hopea (Dipterocarpaceae)
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003
In a flavonoid survey of five species (D. alatus Roxb. & G.Don, D. costatus Gaertn. f., D. gracilis Blume, D. turbinatus Gaertn. f. and Hopea odorata Roxb .) of Dipterocarpaceae from Bangladesh, three flavonoid aglycones and two glycosides were isolated. The flavonol kaempferol was detected in 40% of the total species surveyed, while the flavonol quercetin and flavone apigenin were present in all species examined, establishing their chemotaxonomic significance. Proanthocyanidins were found only in three species (D. alatus , D. gracilis , D. turbinatus), while the glycosides quercetin 3-glucoside and quercetin 3-rutinoside were isolated in 40% and 60% of the species surveyed, respectively. The flavonoid patterns of H. odorata and D. costatus are advanced in comparison to those of D. alatus , D. gracilis and D. turbinatus due to the loss of proanthocyanidin.
During the chemotaxonomic study of 16 species of Stemonoporus, three flavonoid aglycones (flavonol quercetin, flavonol kaempferol and flavone apigenin) and glycosides (quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-rutinoside and apigenin 5-glucoside) were isolated while flavonol myricetin, flavone luteolin and proanthocynidins were not detected in any of the species surveyed. The isolated flavonoids can be used as chemotaxonomic markers. The species of Stemonoporus can be regarded as advanced in flavonoid pattern because of the absence of myricetin and loss of proanthocyanidins. The data of the flavonoid patterns and the outcome of cluster analysis are taxonomically useful to resolve the controversies over the systematic arrangement of the species and suggest the need for a revision of classification of the genus Stemonoporus.
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008
A flavonoid survey was carried out on 45 taxa from the genera Shorea, Hopea, Parashorea, Neobalanocarpus, and Dryobalanops of the tribe Shoreae in the Dipterocarpaceae. The study showed significant chemotaxonomic differences in leaf flavonoid aglycone patterns and the presence of tannins in these taxa. The flavonoid patterns are useful in the delimitation of some taxa. For example, the genus Parashorea is distinguished by the universal presence of kaempferol 3-methyl ether, and the monotypic genus Neobalanocarpus is unique in not producing ellagic and gallo tannins. The presence of chalcones and flavone C-glycosides supports the separation of the genus Hopea into two sections, section Dryobalanoides and section Hopea in Ashton's classification, which is based on the type of venation. The flavonoid distributions in this study show that they can be very useful for differentiating between the Balau group in the genus Shorea and some scaly barked Hopea species, particularly H. helferi (lintah bukit), H. nutans (giam), and H. ferrea (malut).
Leaf flavonoid chemistry and the relationships of theLactoridaceae
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 1986
Leaves of the monotypic angiosperm family Lactoridaceae exhibit flavonoid constituents consisting of six 3-0-diglycosides of the flavonols kaempferol and isorhamnetin. The presence of flavonols is concordant with the placement of Lactoridaceae among the "archaic" or "primitive" flowering plants. Flavonoid chemistry is less informative on the relationships of the family within the primitive dicots. The presence of isorhamnetin suggests closer affinities with families in the Laurales, particularly the Gomortegaceae and Monimiaceae. Phenetic and cladistic analyses of morphological features place the Lactoridaceae near several families in the Magnoliales.
A survey of leaf flavonoids in the portulacaceae
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 1986
A survey of 26 species in 12 genera of the Portulacaceae showed the presence of flavonoids in 24, and their absence in two, Hectorella caespitosa Hooker fil. and Lyallia kerguelensis Hooker ill. Of the 24 positive species, 16 are reported for the first time. In all 24 however, flavonols and flavones did not occur together suggesting that this dichotomy might be useful for classification at and below the generic level in the Portulacaceae, e.g. the genera Silvaea Philippi (syn. Philippiamara Kuntze), Ceraria Pearson & Stephens and PortulacarJa Jacquin which were previously grouped together on palynological characteristics have now been shown to differ in their leaf flavonoids, subsidiary cells of the stomata and geographical location: Silvaea possesses flavones and is endemic to South America, while Ceraria and Portulacaria possess flavonols and are endemic to Africa. The dichotomy also occurs below the generic level. In Calandrinia H.B.K. and Portulaca L. the dichotomy amongst their species is supported by other new taxonomic characters from cytology, palynology, pubescence of surfaces, type of subsidiary cells surrounding the leaf stomata and seed morphology recently elucidated by the author.
Flavonoids and the taxonomy of Camarea (Malpighiaceae)
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2009
Camarea is a South-American endemic genus comprising eight species. In the present work leaf flavonoids of seven species of Camarea were identified, aiming to evaluate the usefulness of their distribution as a taxonomic aid. A total of 12 flavonoids were isolated and identified. Free aglycones, such as apigenin, chrysoeriol, kaempferol and quercetin, as well as 7-O-glycosides of apigenin and luteolin, 3-O-glycosides of kaempferol and quercetin were identified. Flavonoid distribution in Camarea species, taking into account aglycones and aglycone moieties of glycosides, was used to obtain a phenogram of chemical affinities. Apigenin, chrysoeriol and kaempferol were the main discriminating characters for links establishment. The resultant tree suggests the links: 1) Camarea hirsuta, Camarea affinis and C. affinis  C. hirsuta; 2) Camarea elongata and Camarea axillaris; 3) Camarea sericea and Camarea humifusa. The results are in agreement with morphological similarities and disagree with several points of n-alkane evidence. The results support the recognition of Camarea triphylla as synonymy of C. axillaris.
Distribution of exudate flavonoids in the genus Plectranthus
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 2010
Thirty-four species of the genus Plectranthus (including species of the former genera Coleus and Solenostemon, fam. Lamiaceae) were surveyed for exudate flavonoids to see whether the distribution of these compounds would support a recent classification of the genus based on molecular and morphological characters. In this classification two major groups had been identified, the Coleus and Plectranthus clades. Only about 40% of the species, predominantly from the Plectranthus clade, were found to produce exudate flavonoids, which were mainly flavones. Flavanones were restricted to five species of the Plectranthus clade, whereas flavonols were only found in two species of the Coleus clade, Plectranthus montanus Benth. (synonyms Plectranthus marrubioides Hochst. ex Benth. and Plectranthus cylindraceus Hochst. ex Benth.) and Plectranthus pseudomarrubioides R.H.Willemse. Four of these flavonols were isolated from P. montanus and identified by NMR spectroscopy as the 3,7-dimethyl ether and 3,7,4 0 -trimethyl ether of quercetin and the 3,6,7-trimethyl ether and 3,6,7,4 0 -tetramethyl ether of quercetagetin. The remaining flavonols and flavones were identified by HPLC-UV and LC-MS of crude extracts on the basis of their UV and mass spectra, retention times and comparison with standards. Most flavonols were 3-methyl ethers and many of the flavones and flavonols were oxygenated at the 6-position. The most common flavones, occurring in both clades, were cirsimaritin and salvigenin, which are methoxylated at the 6-and 7-positions. 6-Hydroxylated flavones such as scutellarein and ladanein were restricted to species of the Plectranthus clade.
Floristic and medicinal plant survey at ahobilam forest of Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh, India
Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 2017
The major aim of the rapid survey was to prepare an inventory of Medicinal plants of Ahobilam Reserve forest of Nallamalais of Eastern Ghats. The present paper is an outcome of a rapid vegetation survey conducted during the year 2016-2017.Medicinal plants represent not only a valuable part of India’s biodiversity but also a source of great knowledge. Over 102 plant species belonging to 40 Dicot families, 07 Monocot families and 06 Pteredophte families were recorded. Among 40 Dicot families10 dominant families are Malvaceae, Caesalpinaceae, Fabaceae, Sterculiaceae, Capparaceae,Combretaceae, Acanthaceae, Burseraceae, Minispermaceae and Cucurbitaceae
Systematic significance of flavonoids in Derris and Lonchocarpus
Biochemical Systematics …, 1981
It has been suggested that the flavonoid profiles might help to elucidate the problematical differentiation of the Derris and Lonchocarpus group of species. To test this possibility all fiavonoid types known to occur in Tephrosieae were correlated biogenetically and "oxidation"/"methylation" (O/M) values were deduced for their representatives. Considering only the chemical composition, five chemical clusters can be discerned in the Derris-Lonchocarpus complex. The concomitant consideration of O/M values, however, establishes the concept of generic unity, suggesting that dispersal of original stock from Asia to America and from forest to savanna was accompanied by the evolutionary blocking of the necessary oxidative enzymes. Since similar trends can be observed for other genera of Tephrosieae, such as Millettia and Tephrosia, the presence or absence of specific flavonoids cannot be used as evidence either for incorporating Lonchocarpus into Derris or for splitting Lonchocarpus.
A New Flavonoid from Malaysian Dipterocarpus cornutus
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Dipterocarpus cornutus Dyer is commonly known as ‘keruing’. It belongs to the family of Dipterocarpaceae, an important timber family in South East Asia. D. cornutus is listed as critically endangered on IUCN Red List. Since no comprehensive study has been documented on the chemical constituents of D. cornutus, there is an urgent need to study this plant comprehensively. Phytochemical study of the stem bark of D. cornutus afforded a new flavonoid (1) and nine known compounds, which consist of flavonoids (2, 3), oligostilbenoids (4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10), and coumarin (6). The finding of the study contributes to the chemotaxonomic differentiation in the plants of the tribe Dipterocarpae.