Development of Novel Constructional Material from Industrial Solid Waste as Geopolymer (original) (raw)
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Comparative Study of the Geopolymers Synthesized from Various Types of Construction Wastes
Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 2013
Demolition of old houses and construction of new buildings are in peak in urban sectors which generate a huge amount of construction wastes. These wastes are rich source of alumino-silicate. Geopolymerization can transform a wide range of alumino-silicate materials into building materials with excellent physicochemical properties. Thus, geopolymers have been synthesized from construction wastes such as sand-cement-mixture (SCM), concrete mixture (CM), brick dust (BD), etc using alkali and alkali-silicate as activators. Parameters like alkali concentration (for dissolution of alumino-silicate), ratio of alkali-silicate to construction wastes and curing time were varied to improve the quality of geopolymeric products. The maximum compressive strengths of geopolymeric products obtained from BD, SCM and CM were 60.0, 47.0 and 45.5 MPa respectively. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 1 (2013) 81-86 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i1.8926
Materials and Contact Characterisation IX, 2019
Geopolymers are inorganic amorphous aluminosilicate materials, which can be produced by the alkali activation of materials with high aluminum and silicon content. In this research, we prepared geopolymer samples obtained from construction and demolition (C&D) waste materials (brick powder and concrete powder), as well as industrial waste material (aluminum dross), and we investigated them using different test methods. Density, particle size distribution and chemical elemental composition were determined on the dried powdered waste materials, and microstructural observations were also made using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique. To prepare the geopolymer sample mixtures of sodium-hydroxide and sodium silicate, we used an alkali activator solution at different concentrations (4 M, 8 M and 12 M). We used Fourier Transformation Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to reveal new phases in geopolymer samples. Compression strength was determined after 7 days and after 28 days. In the cases when aluminum dross was used, a gas-forming reaction took place in the geopolymer pastes; therefore, foamed geopolymer was produced. According to these results, the used C&D and industrial wastes may be potential raw materials which could be used to prepare geopolymers.
Development of geopolymer using industrial waste materials
The 9th International Conference "Environmental Engineering 2014", 2014
Coal burned thermal power plants are producing large amounts of solid waste, fly ash. The disposal of this waste is a huge environmental problem at this moment. Generally, fly ash particles are very fine (< 100 µm) and mainly round shaped and glassy materials form an outer shell on it. According to several authors the attrition or grinding of this shell improves the activity of the fly ash. This paper deals with the laboratory investigation of ground fly ash based geopolymer. This material can be applied in many fields, mainly in the construction industry, e.g. non-structural elements, concrete, pavements and products, containment and immobilization of toxic, hazardous and radioactive wastes, advanced structural tooling and refractory ceramics, and fire resistant composites used in buildings, etc… In this study, the main process engineering properties of the raw materials, such as particle size distribution, moisture content, density and specific surface area are shown. Beside fly ash, red mud in different rate was used to prepare geopolymer. Systematic experimental series were carried out in order to optimize the preparation process. The particle size distribution of fly ash was measured by laser diffraction, the structure of fly ash and geopolymer was determined by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The strength of the formed geopolymers was characterized by the uniaxial compressive strength. Additionally, leaching tests were carried out to monitor the stability of the main element of the fly ash. The product properties were studied as function of fly ash fineness. As a result of the investigation it was found that the geopolymer strength increased as function of fly ash fineness. Furthermore, it was established that the red mud had a positive effect on geopolymer strength. Therefore, the synergetic application of the above wastes is of good potential to create an industrial final product. Of course, several further experimental work is necessary to study the system from environmental point of view.
2017
Concrete produced from ordinary Portland cement (OPC), is a building material with wide applications, due to various factors, including strength and durability characteristics. Nevertheless, OPC concrete has a significant environmental impact due to resource consumption and energy intensive production of the cement as a result also of the high temperatures during manufacture. The main factors that affect the geopolymerisation process include the type and characteristics of the raw materials, the alkaline activators and the curing conditions. The optimum alkaline solution used and activator, to raw material mass ratio depend on the type and characteristics of the raw materials being used. Furthermore, the curing conditions adopted depends on the characteristics of the raw materials and activators. Industrial by-products and waste rich in SiO2 and Al2O3 can be utilized as raw material for geopolymer concrete. In this research, three different waste materials were considered: Polish co...
Construction and Building Materials, 2019
The environmental challenges such as high energy demand, large CO 2 emission, and exorbitant raw material consumption among others associated with ordinary Portland cement led researchers to the search for alternatives and thus the advent of geopolymer concrete. Fly ash, a waste product of the thermal generating power station, has been the base material commonly used in geopolymer production. However, Nigeria depends majorly on hydro-power and hence, fly ash is unavailable and this has contributed to the restricted application of geopolymer technology. Therefore, the suitability of brewery sludge residue (a waste byproduct generated in high quantity from brewing process) as an alternative base material in geopolymer concrete was investigated in this study. The physical and chemical properties of brewery sludge residue ash (BSA) were investigated to assess its suitability for use as a base material for geopolymer binder. Brewery sludge residue ash-based geopolymer concrete (BSAGC) specimens were produced by activating BSA with selected alkaline liquids (NaOH and Na 2 SiO 2) used as activator. The BSAGC specimens were subjected to compressive strength to assess the strength development and consequently the effectiveness of the polymerization reaction that occurred. It was found that, amongst other factors, the BSA exhibits less satisfactory oxide characteristics at 425micron particle size utilised and consequently the compressive strength development was low at 28days curing duration at the 1:2:4 mix proportioning threshold adopted for the BSAGC mix. Given the marginal strength development of BSAGC, BSA could be reckon as having potentials for application as base material for geopolymer binder, however, more investigation is required to determine the optimum processing parameters for its usage as a base material for geopolymer binder and geopolymer concrete.
Comprehensive Analysis of Geopolymer Materials: Properties, Environmental Impacts, and Applications
Review Paper, 2023
The advancement of eco-friendly technology in the construction sector has been improving rapidly in the last few years. As a result, multiple building materials were developed, enhanced, and proposed as replacements for some traditional materials. One notable example presents geopolymer as a substitute for ordinary Portland concrete (OPC). The manufacturing process of (OPC) generates CO2 emissions and a high energy demand, both of which contribute to ozone depletion and global warming. The implementation of geopolymer concrete (GPC) technology in the construction sector provides a path to more sustainable growth and a cleaner environment. This is due to geopolymer concrete's ability to reduce environmental pollutants and reduce the construction industry's carbon footprint. This is achieved through its unique composition, which typically involves industrial byproducts like fly ash or slag. These materials, rich in silicon and aluminum, react with alkaline solutions to form a binding gel, bypassing the need for the high-energy clinker production required in OPC. The use of such byproducts not only reduces CO2 emissions but also contributes to waste minimization. Additionally, geopolymer offers extra advantages compared to OPC, including improved mechanical strength, enhanced durability, and good stability in acidic and alkaline settings. Such properties make GPC particularly suitable for a range of construction environments, from industrial applications to infrastructure projects exposed to harsh conditions. This paper comprehensively reviews the different characteristics of geopolymers, which include their composition, compressive strength, durability, and curing methods. Furthermore, the environmental impacts related to the manufacturing of geopolymer materials were evaluated through the life-cycle assessment method. The result demonstrated that geopolymer concrete maintains positive environmental impacts due to the fact that it produces fewer carbon dioxide CO 2 emissions compared to OPC concrete during its manufacturing; however, geopolymer concrete had some minor negative environmental impacts, including abiotic depletion, human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, terrestrial ecotoxicity, and acidi-fication. These are important considerations for ongoing research aimed at further improving the sustainability of geopolymer concrete. Moreover, it was determined that silicate content, curing temperature, and the proportion of alkaline solution to binder are the major factors significantly influencing the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. The advancement of geopolymer technology represents not just a stride toward more sustainable construction practices but also paves the way for innovative approaches in the field of building materials.
Development of Geopolymer Lightweight Concrete using Industrial By-products
An attempt has been made in this research work to develop the geopolymer concrete composite using the industrial by-products such as fly ash class-C, GGBFS, PS sand and sintered fly ash aggregates to achieve the required strength. The different combination of fly ash and GGBFS as binding materials were studied in this work. The ambient cured geopolymer concrete was developed to mitigate the carbon footprint in building construction. The density of concrete was in the range of 1740Kg/m3 to 1840Kg/m3. The higher the GGBFS content higher the density. The strength developed in geopolymer concrete after 28 days of curing is in the range of 25 Mpa to 45 Mpa. Hence this Light Weight Geopolymer concrete can be used as structural concrete for buildings.
Geopolymer Synthesis from Demolished Concrete Wastes
2018
After the earthquake on April 25, 2015 and its aftershocks a total of 4,784 public and 531,266 private buildings were either destroyed or damaged. It generated large wastes that imposed economic burden and contributed to environmental pollution. The alumino-silicate found in such wastes can be used as raw material for the synthesis of geopolymers. Geopolymers have been synthesized from construction waste such as coal fly ash (CFA) and brick dust (BD) using alkali and alkali-silicate as activators. Geopolymerization can transform a wide range of waste alumino-silicate materials into building materials with excellent chemical and physical properties such as fire, acid and earthquake resistance. A maximum compressive strength of 2.21 MPa was obtained with concrete powder treated with 6 M NaOH solution and a maximum compressive strength of 45.4 MPa was obtained with 1.0 mass ratio of Na2SiO3 to construction wastes cured for 28 days at 40°C. The compressive strength of geopolymers initia...
This work presents the results of a study on reusing red mud (RM), an abundant alumina refinery waste produced by the Bayer process, and rice husk ash (RHA), a major waste from combustion of rice husk, as raw materials for the production of geopolymers that are environmentally friendly and only require low energy to make and have diverse potential applications. A wide range of parameters in the geopolymerization reaction, consisting of RHA to RM weight ratio, different particle size of RHA, and variable concentrations of sodium hydroxide solution, were examined to understand their influence on the compressive strength of the end products -RM&RHA-based geopolymers. The composition of RM, RHA, and RM&RHA-based geopolymers was characterized by X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the results of unconfmed compression testing indicate that the compressive strength of the studied RM&RHA-based geopolymers is in the range of 3.2 to 20.5 MPa, which is comparable with that of almost all Portland cements. In addition, the utilization of RM&RHA-based geopolymers in practice is able to bring both environmental and economic advantages. The findings suggest that these two plentiful wastes, RM and RHA, can be reused to make geopolymers that can find applications in civil infrastructure constructions.
GEO-POLYMERISATION OF AGRO-WASTES AS ADDITIVES FOR CONCRETE PRODUCTION
S This research work focused on the effects of source materials, aggregate type and size on mechanical performance of geopolymer concrete. Three source materials (i.e. Rice Husk Ash (RHA), Sawdust Ash (SDA) and Cow Dung ash (CDA))were used. The sums of alumina and silica oxides in them were determined as 81.28%, 72% and 71.2% respectively. The mixing ratio of material constituents used in producing geopolymer concrete was 1:2:4. The source materials were used with alkaline solution to produce a binder for geopolymer concrete. The alkaline solution was a combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate in ratio 10:25 and the ratio of alkaline solution to source material was 4:10. 20mm granite was used and the grading properties of the source materials and coarse aggregates were obtained. The workability of all the concrete produced was determined at different curing hours of 24hrs, 48hrs, 72 hrs and at a constant temperature of 100oC. The geopolymer concrete produced were subjected to sulphate attack and sulfuric acid resistance in order to determine their durability The results obtained revealed that both compressive and flexural strengths increased as curing hours and aggregate sizes increased for all source materials and aggregate types used but RHA-geopolymer concrete produced with 20mm granite gave better performance with the highest compressive and flexural strengths at each curing hour. Its durability is better in comparison with conventional concrete. The use of geopolymer concrete should be encouraged because of its high resistance to sulphate attack, environmental protection and high workability.