The Current Status of the Alternative Use to Antibiotics in Poultry Production: An African Perspective (original) (raw)
Related papers
2020
Introduction: Antibiotic use has contributed significantly to many successes in human medicine and improvement in animal welfare. There is however global concern about non-regulation of antibiotics in food producing animals due to the great threat it poses to public health. Local evidence is required to support the regulation of antibiotics in the thriving poultry sub-sector but such data are limited. The study was conducted to investigate antibiotic use among poultry farmers in the Dormaa Municipality of the Bono Region of Ghana. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in February to March 2020. A total of 161 commercial and backyard poultry farmers were interviewed using a “Drug bag” containing antibiotics purchased from the study area in addition to questionnaires to elicit responses about medicines. Treatment log books were also inspected where available. Results: Farms were classified as backyard (n=41) or small, medium or large scale commercial (n=120). Of the commercial...
Antimicrobial use in the poultry industry in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania and public health implications
2014
A structured questionnaire was administered to Dar es Salaam poultry farmers and pharmaceutical outlets/shops to obtain information on antibiotic usage, awareness of withdrawal periods and public health concerns on drug residues. Of 100 layer's chicken production farmers interviewed in this study, 54% were females and 46% males. The average flock size was 560. All interviewed participants apply antibiotics through oral route of drug administration. Of these participants, 93% treat their chicken in accordance with directives from veterinary drug vendors, 4% follow the manufacturer's instructions and 3% depends on their own experience. The survey found that most frequently used antibiotic drugs belong to the group of tetracycline and sulfonamides. Furthermore, some prohibited antimicrobial agents like furazolidone were found in some veterinary drug stores and poultry farms. All interviewed poultry farmers were aware of drug withdrawal period but none of them declared to observe this requirement because they fear investment losses. It was concluded that there is high risk of exposure to unacceptable levels of drug residues from poultry products, as a result of failure to observe antibiotic withdrawal periods. Consulted efforts involving various stake holders such the producers of poultry products, consumers and regulatory authorities are needed to bring awareness on public health implications associated with drug residues in foods.
Veterinary Medicine International, 2023
Background. Poultry production in Uganda is growing at a fast rate due to increasing demand, notwithstanding, poor husbandry practices, and diseases, prompting farmers to rear healthy productive focks with antimicrobials. Te study evaluated the knowledge and practices as regards the use of antibiotics among poultry farmers in Masindi district and determined the antibiotic susceptibility profles of E. coli strains from chickens. Methods. A cross-sectional study using a closed-end questionnaire was conducted in 140 selected small-scale commercial poultry farms in Masindi district between June and December, 2020. Analyzed qualitative data were presented as frequencies, percentages, and their 95% confdence intervals (95% CI). Fecal swabs from chickens were inoculated onto a MacConkey agar, and E. coli was confrmed by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk difusion method for 7 antibiotics. Results. Most farmers (74%) used antibiotics, mainly tetracycline (51.4%) and sulfonamides (28.6%), given to the chicks (45%), for both curative and prophylaxis purposes (80%), and via drinking water (67%). Farmers mainly used antibiotics recommended by the veterinarian (76.4%), more than relying on experience (10.7%), while 45% were involved in self-medicating the birds. On choosing the correct dosage, 45.7% read the instruction, and 42.9% consulted a veterinarian. Only 10.7% observed the drug withdrawal period, while 53.6% consumed eggs at home or sold eggs (35.7%) from birds under treatment. Of the 200 E. coli strains, 90 (45.0%) were resistant to one drug, 74 (37.0%) to two, and multidrug resistance to three classes of antibiotics was 36 (18.0%). Overall, E. coli resistance to tetracycline was (69.0%), ampicillin (37.0%), sulfonamides (36.0%), and to kanamycin (1.5%). Conclusions. Te small-scale poultry farmers frequently use antimicrobial drugs, mainly tetracycline and sulfonamides for curative and prophylaxis. Tus, enforcing measures against antibiotic use supported by a strong veterinary service sector and farmers' training on judicious use of antimicrobials are needed.
Abusive use of antibiotics in poultry farming in Cameroon and the public health implications
British Poultry Science, 2016
1 This study aimed to investigate the types and way of usages of antibiotics in poultry farms, their residual levels and the potential microbial resistances. 2 A questionnaire-based survey identified the different antibiotics used and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine antibiotics residual levels. Pathogens were isolated, identified by use of API kits and Minimum inhibition Concentration (MIC) was determined. 4 Oxytetraxyclin, Tylocip and TCN were the most frequently used antibiotics. The antibiotics screened during HPLC were Chloramphenicol, Tetraxyclin and Vancomycin. All of them except Vancomycin were detected, and the concentration of these antibiotics was higher than the limit set by regulatory authorities Maximum Residual Limit (MRL). 5 However, no residues of various antibiotics were found in egg albumen or yolk. Furthermore, the concentration of Tetraxyclin was significantly high (p<0.05) in liver (150.030 ± 30.8780 µg/g) than in other tissues. 6 Foodborne pathogens including Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Listeria sp., Clostridium sp., and Escherichia species were identified. Most of the pathogens were resistant to various antibiotics tested. 7 These findings imply a better management of antibiotics to control sources of food contamination and reduce health risks associated with the presence of residues and the development of resistant pathogens.
Drivers of Antibiotic Use in Semi-Intensive Poultry Farms: Evidence from a Survey in Senegal
Antibiotics
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the capacity of microbial pathogens to survive in the presence of antimicrobials, is considered one of the greatest threats to human health worldwide and is growing rapidly in importance. AMR is thought to be driven in part by the use of antimicrobials (AMU) in livestock production. AMU reduction in agriculture is therefore important, but doing so may endanger farmers’ livelihoods and hamper broader food security. Understanding the drivers for farmers’ antibiotics use is essential for designing interventions which avoid harming agricultural output and to safeguard farmers’ economic security. In this study, we analyse AMUSE survey data from poultry farmers in Senegal to explore the effects of vaccination, attitudes towards AMR, and biosecurity practices on: AMU, animal mortality, and farm productivity. We found that farmers with more “AMR-aware” attitudes may be less likely to use antibiotics in healthy birds. Stronger on-farm biosecurity was associate...
Antibiotic usage pattern in selected poultry farms in Ogun state
A survey was conducted from March 2011 to July 2011 on antibiotic usage pattern in selected poultry farms in Ogun State. Using a well-structured questionnaire, a total of 58 poultry farms were randomly surveyed from the four geo-political zones of Ogun State. All the 58 (100%) poultry farms used one or more antibiotics. Antibiotics were commonly administered either for therapy (36.2%), prophylaxis (29.3%), or both (32.8%) and to lesser extent for growth promotion (6.9%). While Neoceryl R (a commercially prepared broad spectrum antibiotics consisting of neomycin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin and colistin), Enrofloxacin and Furazolidone were the commonest antibiotics used in the study area. Fluoroquinolones were the class of antibiotics commonly used. Thirty-three different patterns of antibiotic usage were observed among the poultry farms, 70.7% multi-drug usage practices (MDUP) was also observed among the poultry farms. In this study, 50% of poultry farmers have their antibiotics prescribed by veterinary doctors while 91.4% acquired antibiotics from veterinary stores. This study has provided information on commonly used antibiotics and reasons for their use in the study location. It is anticipated that the findings of this survey will contribute to the development of strategies for prudent use of antibiotics in poultry farms.
Antimicrobial Usage in Smallholder Poultry Production in Nigeria
Veterinary Medicine International, 2022
The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in livestock production is of increasing concern due to the threat of antimicrobial resistance in both humans and animals. Much emphasis has been placed on intensively managed poultry production systems, which routinely use antimicrobials as against smallholder poultry production systems (SPPS). Therefore, this study investigated the use of antimicrobials among smallholder poultry farmers in Nigeria, and compared the prevalence of antimicrobial drug use against the practice of ethnoveterinary medicine (EVM). A cross-sectional study was conducted in five states (agroecologies) of Nigeria using structured questionnaires administered on a total of 350 farmers. The practice of EVM was prevalent among most of the farmers (39%). The western method (pharmaceuticals) was practiced by a large proportion of farmers (60%), either solely (25%) or in combination with EVM (35%). Antimicrobials were used primarily for treatment and prevention of diseases (7...
The Alternatives of Antibiotics in Poultry Production for Reducing Antimicrobial Resistance
Scienceline, 2024
Antibiotics are natural, semi-synthetic, or chemical compounds that have anti-microbial activity and are used in livestock and poultry production for a variety of reasons, including therapeutic and growth promotion. The use of antibiotics in poultry production has been associated with the development of resistant bacteria. The present study attempted to explain the role of antibiotics as poultry growth promoters, bacterial resistance, and risks for human health, with a special focus on some selected bacterial species isolated from poultry farms and products. Furthermore, the manuscript reviewed the literature on alternative feed additives to reduce the reliance on antibiotics. Microbial resistance is a significant global health concern that has been a top global threat in the 21st century. The use of antibiotics in poultry production as non-therapeutic or growth promoters is at low doses and continuously, associated with developing resistant bacteria. Meanwhile, antibiotic-resistant genes in humans may have their roots in the diets of animals treated with antibiotics. Developing bacterial resistance has encouraged researchers to reduce the reliance on antibiotics by identifying potential feed additives, such as essential oils, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, prebiotics, organic acid, and enzymes that improve the immune system functions, reduce morbidity and mortality, improve the growth performances of poultry, and preserve consumer health.
Antibiotic use and practices in commercial poultry laying hens in Ogun State Nigeria
Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux, 2016
La production de volailles occupe une place prépondérante dans l’économie nigériane. Toutefois, l’utilisation abusive des antibiotiques par les éleveurs de volailles a entraîné une multirésistance et nuit à l’efficacité des traitements antibiotiques dans l’industrie. Cette étude a été réalisée afin d’évaluer l’utilisation d’antibiotiques dans les exploitations avicoles commerciales. Une enquête a été menée à l’aide d’un questionnaire structuré destiné aux chefs d’exploitation pour obtenir des informations sur les caractéristiques socio-économiques des propriétaires ou desdits chefs, les types d’antibiotiques utilisés, la fréquence et la raison de leur utilisation, la sensibilisation à l’usage des antibiotiques et à leurs problèmes associés, et les sources d’information privilégiées par les éleveurs pour un recours raisonnable aux antibiotiques. Le niveau d’instruction des interviewés était universitaire ou équivalent (70,9 %), collège ou lycée (12,6 %), ou sans éducation formelle (1...