Characterisation of Carbon Nanotube Materials by Raman Spectroscopy and Microscopy–A Case Study of Multiwalled and … (original) (raw)
Laser excited Raman scattering was measured from various carbon nanotube samples, as well as high purity graphite using an Ar + laser at different wavelengths and the variation of the band parameters was studied as a function of the excitation laser wavelength. Features in the Raman scattering have been identified and assigned to known structural and dynamical sources. Scanning electron microscopic and tunnelling microscopic pictures of two different nanotube samples contributed to the characterization of the samples as multiwalled and singlewalled carbon nanotube bundles and helped identify Raman spectral features.
Characterization of carbon nanotubes by Raman spectroscopy
MATERIALS SCIENCE-POLAND
Application of Raman spectroscopy to analyse carbon nanotubes has been presented. Having a mixture of various carbon nanotube samples, one can easily distinguish, in a quick experiment, presence of singlewalled, doublewalled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT, DWCNT, MWCNT, respectively). The so-called G-line is a characteristic feature of the graphitic layers and corresponds to the tangential vibration of carbon atoms. Another characteristic mode is a typical sign of defective graphitic structures (D-line). A comparison of the intensity ratios of these two peaks gives a measure of the quality of the bulk samples. In addition, there is a third mode, named the radial breathing mode (RBM) which is very sensitive to the diameter of SWCNT and DWCNT. Additional option is application of Raman microscopy for mapping analysis and depth profiling to view the changes of intensity in various directions in the sample.
Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes
Physics Reports, 2005
The use of Raman spectroscopy to reveal the remarkable structure and the unusual electronic and phonon properties of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is reviewed comprehensively. The various types of Raman scattering processes relevant to carbon nanotubes are reviewed, and the theoretical foundations for these topics are presented. The most common experimental techniques used to probe carbon nanotubes are summarized, followed by a review of the novel experimental findings for each of the features in the first order and second order Raman spectra for single wall carbon nanotubes. These results are presented and discussed in connection with theoretical considerations. Raman spectra for bundles of SWNTs, for SWNTs surrounded by various common wrapping agents, and for isolated SWNTs at the single nanotube level are reviewed. Some of the current research challenges facing the field are briefly summarized.
Raman spectroscopy on one isolated carbon nanotube
Physica B: Condensed Matter, 2002
The use of Raman spectroscopy to elucidate the vibrational and electronic structure of single wall carbon nanotubes is reviewed. The special role played by single nanotube spectroscopy in the ðn; mÞ structural characterization of individual nanotubes and in the elucidation of the spectra of nanotube bundles is emphasized. r
A Theoretical Study of Carbon Nanotubes by Raman Spectroscopy
isara solutions, 2014
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) becomes an important scientific field for the extensive research due to their interesting properties and technological applications. It has proven a unique system for the study of Raman spectra for ID systems1. Raman spectroscopy has become a powerful tool for the study of vibrational properties and electronic structure of CNT. Raman spectroscopy is now a days become powerful tool in the diagnosis in material science. It has been used to characterized different carbon nanotubes.
Studies of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Using Raman Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy
Solid State Phenomena, 2004
Preliminary results of Raman scattering measurements of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are presented. The nanotubes have been carefully dissolved, separated and then characterized by AFM. The micro-Raman spectra are taken with 514,5nm wavelength excitations in the range 4K - 400K. Basically the spectra are quite similar to the well known single wall carbon nanotube spectra, but the low frequency band is absent. The major Raman bands, observed in single wall nanotubes are found in the spectra. In particular the disorder effects are visible due to the pronounced D band at ~1350 cm-1. Metallic and semiconducting type of conductivity is distinguished through analysis of the G (LO) mode at ~1600 cm-1. A new feature in these spectra exists at ~843 cm-1. Low energy radial breathing mode absence has been explained.
Raman spectroscopy on isolated single wall carbon nanotubes
Carbon, 2002
A review is presented on the resonance Raman spectra from one isolated single wall carbon nanotube. The reasons why it is possible to observe the spectrum from only one nanotube are given and the important structural information that is provided by single nanotube spectroscopy is discussed. Emphasis is given to the new physics revealed by the various phonon features found in the single nanotube spectra and their connection to spectra observed for single wall nanotube bundles. The implications of this work on single wall carbon nanotube research generally are also indicated.
Characterizing carbon nanotube samples with resonance Raman scattering
New Journal of Physics, 2003
The basic concepts and characteristics of Raman spectra from carbon nanotubes (both isolated and bundled) are presented. The general characteristics of the radial breathing mode, tangential mode (G band), disorder-induced mode (D-band) and other Raman features are presented, with the focus directed toward their use for carbon nanotube characterization. Polarization analysis, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and complementary optical techniques are also discussed in terms of their advantages and limitations.