Hunter-gatherer health and development policy: How the promotion of sedentism worsens the Agta's health outcomes (original) (raw)
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International review of social sciences research, 2022
This paper examines the critical aspect of health dynamics in the context of poverty and development of Indigenous people (Agta Isarog & Agta Tabangnon) in Mt. Isarog, Southern Luzon, the Philippines. The datasets were gathered from the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) of Goa Municipality, complemented by IP Censuses of 2018-2019. The core poverty indicators were analyzed in aggregated and disaggregated approaches. The poverty of each locality differs yet a large portion of the entire households and population of indigenous people are living below the poverty and food thresholds. In addition, the poverty incidence, gap, and severity using headcount ratios, gap metrics, squared gap statistics, and Watts indices were evaluated. It has been revealed that the poverty of Indigenous people is moderate to intense and manageable through intervention programs and policy initiatives. It then subsequently characterized the variables of health dynamics which vary per locality, and have been impacting poverty across all barangays. To confirm whether health dynamics predict poverty occurrences, Logistic regression models were estimated in an individual and consolidated manner. Results confirm that health dynamics significantly predict poverty outcomes.
Anthropology and Ethnology Open Access Journal
Even now, there are still disparities in well-being between indigenous and non-indigenous populations, according to the perspective of non-indigenous people. Despite the Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act (IPRA) being passed in 1997, ethnicity was not considered in the census. As a result of the Philippines' removal of IPs from official public statistics, they are effectively unable to participate more effectively in society. In addition, it shows how persistently different IPs' access to basic services, such as health care, is. It's not clear how large this disparity is, because few studies have been done on ethnocultural disparities. IPs remains unacknowledged, unaccounted for, and hence untapped, making it difficult to formulate a national policy on health disparity initiatives. Because of their customs, cultural beliefs, and traditions, indigenous people are more likely to engage in health-risk behaviors than non-indigenous people. These activities have a direct effect on their health outcomes. It is because of this that many individuals have no idea about the health of the IP community. Health Anthropologists are exploring for links between disease patterns, health-related beliefs and practices, healing systems and cultural structures, social hierarchies, and biosocial linkages, amongst other things. Since both physical and socio-cultural variables affect an individual's and a whole population's health, health-related anthropologists tend to think of health as a "biocultural and biosocial phenomenon." The lack of information available on Indigenous peoples is an interesting story in and of itself. This shortcoming should not be used as an excuse to further alienate these already marginalized communities. The World Development Report (WDR) Data for Better Lives, which acknowledges the need for better data, argues that it is "very difficult to cover the entire population in a dataset, and it is typically disadvantaged that are left out." Data systems must be built to address the needs of marginalized populations." To close the current social inclusion disparities, we must first accurately count IPs. A lack of ethnicity variables in statistical databases, tools, and reports is a serious hindrance to recognizing and servicing ethnic minorities in the country. With the help of the government and other development partners, we must work to incorporate ethnic characteristics into official surveys and information systems to obtain and communicate IP data on a systematic basis. The most crucial thing to remember is that intellectual property is an asset. Future "stories are impossible without data, and vice versa" will be true. When developing policies, we must always remember to listen to the stories of the individuals who will be affected by them, particularly those who are known as IPs. If we are serious about reducing extreme gaps and promoting shared prosperity in the Philippines and around the world, this thinking is no longer acceptable.
Philippine Journal of Science
In the Philippines, there is little documentation about the population size of indigenous peoples (IPs) and more so on their health and nutrition status. This study aimed to address the gap in knowledge on the IPs’ nutrition and health status in the Philippines. Analysis of secondary data collected in the 8th National Nutrition Survey (NNS) 2013 and the 2015 Updating Survey of the Nutritional Status of Filipino Children and Other Population Groups conducted by the Department of Science and Technology–Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST-FNRI) was done. Face-to-face interviews, anthropometric measurements, blood extraction, urine collection, and blood pressure measurements were utilized as data collection methods. Findings illustrate that majority of the IPs belonged to the poorest and poor quintile, had low educational attainment, and were rural residents. The pervasive problem of undernutrition in the form of stunting and underweight was the most pronounced problem among chi...
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Health Implications of Changing Agrarian Economies in the Southern Andes
Human Organization, 1994
This paper is based in part on the results of a two-year project in southern Peru. The author expresses thanks to the many individuals who contributed to the research in Peru, and especially to the people of the District of Nurioa (Melgar, Puno). Special thanks go to Abel Villasante Fernandez, Lizardo Ramos Murillo, Ruth Mar Caceres, and Maria Olinda Cala. William Leonard helped in preparing the food frequency data for analysis. Andrew Gordon and Marjorie Aelion commented on earlier drafts of this paper and their contributions are appreciated. The work was supported by a Fulbright-Hays Fellowship and a grant from the National Science Foundation (BSN 80306-186).
Annals of Human Biology, 2016
The health and nutritional situation of adults from three rural vulnerable Amazonian populations are investigated in relation to the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) and the epidemiologic transition. To investigate the role of the environment and the SDH on the occurrence of chronic-degenerative diseases in these groups. Anthropometric, blood pressure, and demographic data were collected in adults from the RDS Mamirauá, AM (n = 149), Flona Caxiuanã, PA (n = 146), and quilombolas, PA (n = 351), populations living in a variety of socio-ecological environments in the Brazilian Amazon. Adjusting for the effect of age, quilombola men are taller (F = 9.85; p<0.001), and quilombola women present with higher adiposity (F = 20.43; p<0.001) and are more overweight/obese. Men from Mamirauá present higher adiposity (F = 9.58; p<0.001). Mamirauá women are taller (F = 5.55; p<0.01) and have higher values of waist circumference and subscapular/triceps index. Quilombolas present higher prevalence of hypertension in both sexes, and there are significant differences in rates of hypertension among the women (X(2)=17.45; p<0.01). The quilombolas are more dependent on government programs, people from Mamirauá have more economic resources, and the group from Caxiunã have the lowest SES. In these populations, the SDH play a key role in the ontogeny of diseases, and the "diseases of modernity" occur simultaneously with the always present infectoparasitic pathologies, substantially increasing social vulnerability.
BMC public health, 2015
BackgroundSouth East Asia (SEA) is home to over 30 tribes of indigenous population groups who are currently facing rapid socio-economic change. Epidemiological transition and increased prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD) has occured. In Peninsular Malaysia, the Orang Asli (OA) indigenous people comprise 0¿·¿6% (150,000) of the population and live in various settlements. OA comprise three distinct large tribes with smaller sub-tribes. The three large tribes include Proto-Malay (sub-tribes: Orang Seletar and Jakun), Senoi (sub-tribes: Mahmeri and Semai), and Negrito (sub-tribes: Jehai, Mendriq and Batek).MethodsWe studied the health of 636 OA from seven sub-tribes in the Peninsular. Parameters that were assessed included height, weight, BMI and waist circumference whilst blood pressure, cholesterols, fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels were recorded. We then analysed cardio-metabolic risk factor prevalences and performed multiple pair-wise comparisons among different sub-...
Health Status of the Residents in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines: A Way to Make a Healthy Community
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, 2015
Objectives: Even though Philippines is widely known as exporters of health workers in the world, the Occidental Mindoro province suffers from a lack of health workers compared with the total population of each municipality. The aim of this study was to observe, identify, and understand the persisting health status, knowledge, and practices among the three selected communities in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. Methods: The study applied a survey using basic questions with three key topics, with relevance to the health condition of the villagers, such as demographics (social capital and regional characteristics), lifestyle (healthy living, and healthy lifestyle and behavior), and status or position in the society (general demographics, and personal behavior and attitudes), with a random sample of 256 adult respondents. Results: Only about 54.3% rated themselves as fair/moderately healthy, and a total of 17.2% suffered from chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disease, while 9% have been diagnosed with tuberculosis in the past 6 months. Respondents mostly have low income and low education. Conclusion: The majority of the respondents have only primary and secondary education, and a very low average income; these suggest that respondents were afflicted with poverty and low educational attainment. Respondents who are