Study on Chitin Extraction from Crab Shells Waste (original) (raw)
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This paper describes the most common methods for recovery of chitin from crab shell. Deproteinization, demineralization and deacetylation are the main processes for the extraction of chitin and chitosan. The mechanical properties were investigated to recognize their mechanical applications. Chitin is the most widespread biopolymer in nature, after cellulose. It has great economic value because of their biological activities and their industrial and biomedical applications. Chitin can be extracted from three sources, namely crustaceans, insects and microorganisms. However, the main commercial sources are shells of shrimps, crabs, lobsters and krill that are supplied in large quantities by the shellfish processing industries. Extraction of chitin involves two steps, demineralization and deproteinisation, which can be processed by two methods, chemical or biological. Acids and bases are required for chemical method, while the biological method involves microorganisms. The mechanical properties of isolated crab chitin are highly susceptible to the effects of hydration. Philippine blue swimming crab were used for the extraction of chitin. The extracted chitin was used to form polymer films at different conditions. Polymer films were also formed from commercially acquired chitin. It was observed that the films prepared at different conditions have greater ultimate tensile strengths as compared to the commercially-available films..The Chitin discussed in the present study is analyzed mechanically. Thus ensuring the extracted Chitin and Chitosan could be considered for further applications. This study therefore, intends to extract and investigate the mechanical performance of chitin from crab shell.
Extraction,Characterization and Dye Adsorption Ability of Chitin from Crab Shell Watste
2019
Chitin is the second most abundant natural polysaccharide after cellulose and is present in the crustacean exoskeleton like crab, shrimp, insects and fungi. It is the main structural component of the exoskeletons of the animals like insects and crustaceans. Crab, shrimp, squilla and fish scale waste is ideal raw material for chitin production. The present work is aimed at extraction,characterization and dye adsorption ability of chitin from crab shells. The methodology include acid hydrolysis, demineralization followed by deproteinization step. The chitin produced is analysed by FTIR based on the interpretation of the spectrogram of the two samples of chitin synthesized in the present work, it can be said that all functional groups expected are seen. The applications of the chitin are numerous but the study is focused on dye adsorption ability. Key word: Chitin, Extraction, Characterization, Methylene blue INTRODUCTION The shell fish industry which is prominent in all costal countri...
Crab shells are often found discarded from local seafood processing plants that end up as waste hauled to landfills. However, high purity chitin has been extracted by chemical methods from this material which is useful in various applications like sutures and scaffolding in medical applications. The viable sources of chitin were selected among the shells of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus), mud crab (Scylla serrata) and tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon). Tiger prawn was shown to have the highest yield of chitin at around 24% while the two varieties of crab yielded only about 10%. However, considering the accessibility and availability of high volume of blue swimming crab shells from crab processing plants, this was chosen as the raw material for subsequent investigations. Moreover, the process that will be established can still be suitable for both sources. Extraction process includes demineralization and deproteinization stages and factors affecting them have been studied. These include acid concentration and shell size for the demineralization stage and alkaline concentration and shell size for the deproteinization stage. Retained inorganic component after demineralization and protein content removed from deproteinization were determined using compositional analysis via Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence technique and Lowry assay, respectively, to understand the effects of these factors on their respective processes. It was found that high acid concentration (greater than 1 N) at room temperature could sufficiently remove the inorganic components of the carapace while high alkaline concentration (greater than 1 N) applied to fine-sized demineralized shells produces high purity chitin similar to commercially-available technical grade chitin. A refinement of the chitin extraction process was subsequently performed through the development of the bench-scale extraction process. It was found out that some of the stages in the laboratory-scale extraction can be eliminated performing an uninterrupted two-stage chemical extraction process and still be able to produce similar quality of chitin with doubled product recovery.
Food Science and Biotechnology, 2021
Portunus pelagicus shell waste is highly accumulated in seafood processing factories and has low commercial applications. The objective of this study was to modify and develop a scale-up, simple, and high-yielding chemical method for extraction and purification of chitin and chitosan from P. pelagicus shell waste. The developed method included a new ''pretreatment'' process using acetic acid followed by chemical treatments at each purification step. The final product was characterized by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. Control chitin and chitosan were produced using a pre-described method for comparison. Yields of crude chitin, chitosan, and purified chitosan were 32.52 ± 0.68%, 26.28 ± 0.47%, and 21.78 ± 0.34% respectively whereas in the control chitin and chitosan the yields were 20.34 ± 0.72% and 13.79 ± 0.93% respectively (p \ 0.05). Better physicochemical and functional properties were recorded in the developed method (p \ 0.05). Hence the developed methodology can be scaled up and used in industrial applications.
EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITIN FROM MARINE BYCATCH CRUSTACEANS EMPLOYING CHEMICAL METHOD
Chitin is a versatile compound and most abundant biopolymer next to cellulose. It has plenty of applications for its resourceful potentials especially as artificial skin, anti-cancer drug, waste water treatment agent, etc. In the present study, an attempt has been made to extract chitin from trash crabs Calappa lophos, Dromia dehaani, Dorippe facchino and stomatopod Squilla spp. The chitin extracted from exoskeleton shells by demineralisation with acid treatment and deproteinisation with strong alkali treatment. The chitin yield was 37.1%, 27.7%, 8.97% and 24.18% from C. lophos, D. dehaani, D. facchino and Squilla spp. respectively. The extracted chitin was confirmed by FT-IR analysis compared with standard grade chitin. The quality examined by analysis of moisture, ash, protein and lipid contents. Surface of the chitin was examined under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Indian Journal of Applied Research, 2011
In the present study, Chitin and Chitosan extracted from the shells of Scylla serrate. The chemical process involving demineralization, deproteinization, decolourizations and deacetylation. The process of deacetylation involves the removal of acetyl groups from the molecular chain of chitin. The purpose of this research is to observe the parameters that can enhance the degree of deacetylation of chitosan production to the highest percentage. The parameters such as temperature, concentration of sodium hydroxide and the time required for heating purpose were observed. The physiochemical characteristics and proximate composition were also determined. The yield of chitosan 38.23%, moisture content (0.40±1.63%), water binding capacity (333 ± 12.5%) and fat binding capacity (166±24%), were measured using FT-IR spectra and NMR. Result of the study indicates that crab shells are rich source of chitosan and this chemical constituent very much effects of biological and antimicrobial activities.
A new method for fast chitin extraction from shells of crab, crayfish and shrimp
Natural product research, 2015
A new method for quick chitin isolation from the shells of crab, crayfish and shrimp is described. The main difference between the new method and the conventional method is two sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) treatments for 10 min each before the processes of demineralisation and deproteinisation. After the NaClO treatment, only 15 min is adequate for the demineralisation and 20 min for the deproteinisation processes. Newly extracted chitin from crab, crayfish and shrimp shells and commercial chitin were characterised using FT-IR, TGA, X-ray diffractometry and elemental analysis. From the results, it was observed that the chitins isolated with the new method and the commercial chitin had almost the same physicochemical properties. The advantage of the new method compared to traditional methods is the relatively rapid chitin extraction. When compared to the traditional chitin extraction method, the proposed method appears to be promising regarding its time and energy saving nature.
Chitin Extraction from Crustacean Shells Using Biological Methods - A Review
Food Technology and Biotechnology
After cellulose, chitin is the most widespread biopolymer in nature. Chitin and its derivatives have great economic value because of their biological activities and their industrial and biomedical applications. It can be extracted from three sources, namely crustaceans, insects and microorganisms. However, the main commercial sources of chitin are shells of crustaceans such as shrimps, crabs, lobsters and krill that are supplied in large quantities by the shellfish processing industries. Extraction of chitin involves two steps, demineralisation and deproteinisation, which can be conducted by two methods, chemical or biological. The chemical method requires the use of acids and bases, while the biological method involves microorganisms. Although lactic acid bacteria are mainly applied, other microbial species including proteolytic bacteria have also been successfully implemented, as well as mixed cultures involving lactic acid-producing bacteria and proteolytic microorganisms. The pr...
Isolation and Application of Chitin and Chitosan from Crab shell
Chitin and chitosan are an important family of linear polysaccharides consisting of varying amounts of β-(1→4)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose (GlcNAc) and 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose (GlcN) units. The specific objectives for this study were to extract the chitosan from crab exoskeletons and evaluate its growth enhancing properties for plants. The soil sample and crab shells are collected in around Thanjavur for chitosan estimation and its efficacy as a biofertilizer. Low nutrient soil samples were enriched with chitosan and also used for growth rate growth of Black gram plant (Vigna mungo).