Suicide Methods in Asia: Implications in Suicide Prevention (original) (raw)
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Suicide Prevention in Asia: Future Directions
The goals of the Strategies to Prevent Suicide (STOPS) project in Asia of Suicide Prevention International (SPI) are to understand the current status of suicide and suicide prevention work in each of the participating countries and, based on this information, to develop and undertake high-priority projects that are likely to make a difference. Previous chapters have reviewed the extent of the problem in each of the countries, the cultural context in which suicide occurs, what suicide prevention initiatives are being undertaken to address the problem, and what evidence there is that these interventions are effective. The current chapter summarizes these findings and describes some suicide prevention projects in Asia that SPI is undertaking as an outgrowth of the STOPS initiative.
Causes and severity of suicide in developed nations of East Asia
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2017
It is considered that people from poor countries get depressed which ultimately leads to suicide. It is estimated that one million people commit suicide every year worldwide. It is considered from statistics that global annual suicide fatalities could rise to 1.5 million by 2020. Economically and culturally the most influential countries of East Asia are China, Japan and South Korea. To find the underlying causes for such a high suicide rate was the basic purpose of this article. We selected 100 suicide research articles as well as World Health Organisation's statistics related to suicide in East Asian countries. Stress and insecurity, whether related to employment or in relationship, are the basic causes which ultimately take an individual to the verge of suicide. Some people also find suicide a mean to get rid of life due to some lethal diseases. Aged persons consider themselves out of life so they adopt suicide. The government has already taken serious steps to minimise the d...
A Review of the Various Suicide Methods Used Around the World
International Journal of Medical Reviews, 2018
Around 800 000 to 1 million people die by suicide annually, making suicide the 10th leading cause of death worldwide. Suicide rates are higher among men than women, and the probability of suicide is 3 to 4 times higher for men than for women. Non-lethal suicide is more common in young people and women. The type of suicide seen in different countries depends on the culture, economic, and social conditions in the respective country. Also, differences in types of suicide are partly due to the availability of various methods. In recent years, the percentage of suicides has risen in all countries. Surveys show that the most prominent methods of suicide in most countries in the world are hanging and poisoning. The most deadly type of suicide is by gun. The most unsuccessful suicide attempts are overdoses of medication. Knowing about the available suicide methods is important.
Suicide in South Asia: a scoping review
BMC Psychiatry, 2014
Background: Globally, suicide is an important cause of mortality. In low-and middle income settings, it is difficult to find unequivocal data to establish suicide rates. The objective of this review is to synthesize the reporting of suicide incidence in six south Asian countries. Methods: We conducted a scoping review combining peer-reviewed studies (PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE) with in-country searches for grey literature in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, India, Nepal and Bangladesh. The review included mapping reported suicide rates, quality appraisals of the studies, use of definitions of suicide and means of committing suicide. Results: In total, 114 studies and reports were included in the review, including 50 peer-reviewed publications. Reported suicide rates varied widely from 0.43/100,000 to 331.0/100,000. The average suicide rate across studies was found to be high compared to the world average, however many studies were of poor quality or not representative. The majority of studies failed to explicitly define suicide (84% of the published articles and 92% of the grey literature documents). Poisoning and hanging were consistently the most common methods of committing suicide on the sub-continent. Conclusions: The reported suicide rates in South Asia are high compared to the global average, but there is a paucity of reliable data on suicide rates in South Asia. Reports are likely to diminish rather than exaggerate the magnitude of suicide rates. There is an urgent need to establish new, or evaluate existing, national suicide surveillance systems in the South Asian countries.
Case fatality rates of different suicide methods within Ilam Province of Iran
There are few diverse studies that have reported the case fatality rates of different methods of suicide, none of them are originated from developing countries. The aim of the present article is to report the case fatality rates of different methods of suicide in Ilam province of Iran. Materials and Methods: Data on 611 cases of suicide and 1807 cases of deliberate self harm (DSH) that were recorded in a comprehensive registry during 1995 through 2002 were analyzed for both genders together and for males and females, separately. Findings: For both genders together, the two most fatal methods were hanging (75.4%) and self-immolation (68.3%); for males, hanging (76.3%) and self-immolation (64.7%); and for females, firearms (75%) and hanging (73.7%), respectively. The least fatal methods for both genders together and for females and males separately were drug ingestion and cutting. Conclusion: The results of present study, which for the first time has reported the case fatality rates of suicide methods in a developing world, would not only help to better plan the local suicide prevention strategies and clinical assessment of suicidal cases but to shed light on overall understanding of this mysterious human phenomenon.
Means of Act in Suicide –A Review across the Globe
International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 2020
Background: Suicide stands at fifth major health problem worldwide. The incidence is 10-12/100000 populations per year. The use of means of suicide act variably changing from time to time under influence of available equipment and materials in the vicinities. As for example firearms shot, a deadly means of act is most common among Europeans and Americans but still hangings is a choice in developing countries, charcoal soothing in petrochemical and coal worlds, pesticides is a favorite choice among farmers. The factors compelling act are financial crisis, deficit support systems, poor crisis intervention, procurement and negligent rescues. The present study is to highlight means of act and factors responsible for such brutal acts. Method: The applicable methods selected for this study is based on the review of articles available on various website reflected from different geographical area across the world obtained from 45 full texts available on internet, out of which 29 were consid...
Socioeconomic, Cultural and Religious Factors Affecting Suicide Prevention in Asia
A range of socio-economic, cultural, and religious factors influence patterns of and responses to suicide in the Asian countries involved in the Strategies to Prevent Suicide (STOPS) project. As a general rule, suicide rates are highest among relatively more prosperous countries, particularly those which have developed rapidly. Within these countries, suicide rates are highest for sub-groups that have remained socio-economically disadvantaged.
International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 2014
Background: The lethality of the suicide method employed is a strong risk factor for the completion of suicide. We examined whether annual changes in the pattern of suicide methods is related to annual changes in suicide rates in South Korea, the United States (US), and Finland. Methods: We analyzed annual data from 2000-2011 for South Korea and Finland, and 2000-2010 for the US in order to examine trends in the rates and methods of suicide. Data on suicide methods were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database. Results: Along with an annual rapid increase in suicide rates, the incidence of hanging increased steadily while suicide by self-poisoning steadily decreased in South Korea. In the US, along with an annual increase in suicide rates, the proportion of suicides committed by hanging increased while those committed with the use of firearms steadily decreased. In Finland, annual changes in the suicide rate and suicide method were not statistically significant during the study period. Conclusions: Our present findings suggest that the increased use of specific lethal methods for suicide, namely hanging, is reflected in the increased suicide rates in the Korean and the US populations. The most effective approach for reducing overall suicide rates may be the implementation of population-based initiatives that reduce both the accessibility (e.g., access to firearms) and the social acceptability (e.g., effective and responsible regulations for reporting suicide) of lethal methods of suicide.