Neural activities for negative priming with affective stimuli: An fMRI study (original) (raw)
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Neuroimaging correlates of negative priming
Neuroreport, 2001
Many theoretical accounts of selective attention and memory retrieval include reference to active inhibitory processes, such as those argued to underlie the negative priming effect. fMRI was used in order to investigate the areas of cortical activation associated with Stroop interference, Stroop facilitation and Stroop negative priming tasks. The most significant activation within the negative priming task was within the inferior parietal lobule, left temporal lobe and frontal lobes. Areas of cortical activation are discussed with reference to theoretical accounts of the negative priming effect.
Where Memory Meets Attention: Neural Substrates of Negative Priming
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 2005
& The negative priming (NP) effect refers to the observed increase in identification time for a current target stimulus or stimulus feature (the ''probe'') that has been employed as a distractor stimulus or stimulus feature on the previous trial (the ''prime''), representing strong evidence that ignored information is actively processed to a high level by selective attention systems. However, theoretical accounts of NP differ in whether they attribute the effect to processes of selective inhibition or episodic memory retrieval. Here we derived neurophysiological predictions from the rival ''selective inhibition'' and ''episodic retrieval'' models of NP, and employed event-related fMRI in a color-naming Stroop task to assess neural responses to probe trials that were subject to either no priming or negative priming. Compared to no-priming probe trials, NP resulted in increased activation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, in a region which has been closely linked with episodic memory retrieval functions. NP was also accompanied by activation of the right thalamus, particularly the mediodorsal nucleus, which has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, a condition associated with diminished NP effects. Our results support the proposal that ignored stimulus information is fully encoded in memory, and that episodic retrieval, not selective inhibition, of such information affects selective attention performance on subsequent trials. & D
The influence of emotional associations on the neural correlates of semantic priming
Human Brain Mapping, 2012
Emotions influence our everyday life in several ways. With the present study, we wanted to examine the impact of emotional information on neural correlates of semantic priming, a well-established technique to investigate semantic processing. Stimuli were presented with a short SOA of 200 ms as subjects performed a lexical decision task during fMRI measurement. Seven experimental conditions were compared: positive/negative/neutral related, positive/negative/neutral unrelated, nonwords (all words were nouns). Behavioral data revealed a valence specific semantic priming effect (i.e., unrelated > related) only for neutral and positive related word pairs. On a neural level, the comparison of emotional over neutral relations showed activation in left anterior medial frontal cortex, superior frontal gyrus, and posterior cingulate. Interactions for the different relations were located in left anterior part of the medial frontal cortex, cingulate regions, and right hippocampus (positive > neutral þ negative) and left posterior part of medial frontal cortex (negative > neutral þ positive). The results showed that emotional information have an influence on semantic association processes. While positive and neutral information seem to share a semantic network, negative relations might induce compensatory mechanisms that inhibit the spread of activation between related concepts. The neural correlates highlighted a distributed neural network, primarily involving attention, memory and emotion related processing areas in medial fronto-parietal cortices. The differentiation between anterior (positive) and posterior part (negative) of the medial frontal cortex was linked to the type of affective manipulation with more cognitive demands being involved in the automatic processing of negative information.
Retrieval of incidental stimulus-response associations as a source of negative priming.
2005
Abstract 1. Priming effects of ignored distractor words were investigated in a task-switching situation that allowed an orthogonal variation of priming and response compatibility between prime and probe. Across 3 experiments, the authors obtained a disordinal interaction of priming and response relation. Responding was delayed in the ignored repetition condition if different responses were required for identical stimuli in the prime and probe (negative priming).
Negative priming tasks evaluate the ability to maintain an active attention on a task while inhibiting other irrelevant information. Although it is traditionally viewed as an attention task, growing evidence has shown that negative priming obeys memory retrieval principles. In this study, 12 healthy male participants (mean age 35) were investigated using fMRI whilst performing a memory retrieval task referring to the content of four short movies. Subsequently, participants completed a spatial negative priming task. We found that performance in a negative priming task positively correlated with performance in the memory retrieval task and also with the BOLD signal in the anterior dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (aMPFC) during the memory retrieval task. In agreement with recent literature, we believe that performance in a spatial negative priming task is a reflection of the brain’s pleomorphism, indicating towards the brain network responsible for the generation of virtual future states...
NeuroImage, 2006
Classic identity negative priming (NP) refers to the finding that when an object is ignored, subsequent naming responses to it are slower than when it has not been previously ignored (Tipper, S.P., 1985. The negative priming effect: inhibitory priming by ignored objects. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 37A, 571-590). It is unclear whether this phenomenon arises due to the involvement of abstract semantic representations that the ignored object accesses automatically. Contemporary connectionist models propose a key role for the anterior temporal cortex in the representation of abstract semantic knowledge (e.g., McClelland, J.L., Rogers, T.T., 2003. The parallel distributed processing approach to semantic cognition. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 4, 310-322), suggesting that this region should be involved during performance of the classic identity NP task if it involves semantic access. Using high-field (4 T) event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we observed increased BOLD responses in the left anterolateral temporal cortex including the temporal pole that was directly related to the magnitude of each individual's NP effect, supporting a semantic locus. Additional signal increases were observed in the supplementary eye fields (SEF) and left inferior parietal lobule (IPL).
Brain correlates of negative and positive visuospatial priming in adults
NeuroImage, 2006
A balance of inhibitory and facilitatory mechanisms is essential for efficient and goal-directed behaviors. These mechanisms may go awry in several neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by uncontrolled, repetitive behaviors. The visuospatial priming paradigm is a wellestablished probe of inhibition and facilitation that has been used to demonstrate behavioral deficits in patients with Tourette syndrome and obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, the brain correlates of this visuospatial priming paradigm are not yet well established. In the present study, we used a visuospatial priming paradigm and eventrelated functional MRI, to probe inhibitory and facilitatory brain mechanisms in healthy adult women. When subjects performed the negative priming (i.e., inhibitory) task, several regions of the prefrontal cortex were selectively activated relative to the neutral condition. Nonoverlapping regions of the prefrontal cortex were deactivated in the positive priming condition. These results support the notion that the prefrontal cortex is involved in both inhibitory and facilitatory processing and demonstrate that this visuospatial priming task shares brain correlates with other positive and negative priming tasks. In conjunction with functional MRI, this visuospatial priming task may be useful for studying the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders in which deficient inhibitory processing or excessive facilitation is a feature.
Brain Research, 2007
Selective attention enables us to respond to objects and events that are relevant to our goals for adaptive interactions with the environment. Despite evidence from research addressing the selection of a target location, little is known about the neural mechanisms of attentional selection in situations in which the selection is biased in favor of the information in the irrelevant location. In this study, we combined event-related fMRI and a location-based negative priming paradigm with a prime-probe-trial design to investigate the neural mechanisms of spatial attentional selection. Participants were instructed to respond to the location of a prespecified target while ignoring a distractor at an irrelevant location. The goal of this study was twofold. First, we identified brain regions that are linked to conflict resolution situations, in which the selection bias puts the irrelevant information in the probe trial on a selection advantage over the target. Second, we determined the mechanism of conflict resolution when the encoding conditions of stimuli are manipulated by presenting stimuli either abruptly (onset) or masked (no-onset). The results showed that the bottom-up-induced competition among stimuli in the target selection is stronger for onset than no-onset stimuli. The superior parietal lobule was sensitive to those changes in bottom-up-induced competition. Furthermore, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobe were activated to resolve the additional processing effort necessary to select the negatively biased target. In conclusion, the present study identified dissociable neural components needed to resolve the negative selection bias, which attentional modulation can be addressed in future studies by examining changes in the functional connectivity. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selective attention Parietal cortex Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex B R A I N R E S E A R C H 1 1 7 4 ( 2 0 0 7 ) 1 1 0 -1 1 9 ⁎ Corresponding ava i l a b l e a t w w w. s c i e n c e d i r e c t . c o m w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / b r a i n r e s
Neural correlates of preparatory and regulatory control over positive and negative emotion
Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 2014
This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate brain activation during preparatory and regulatory control while participants (N = 24) were instructed either to simply view or decrease their emotional response to, pleasant, neutral or unpleasant pictures. A main effect of emotional valence on brain activity was found in the right precentral gyrus, with greater activation during positive than negative emotion regulation. A main effect of regulation phase was evident in the bilateral anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC), precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, right putamen and temporal and occipital lobes, with greater activity in these regions during preparatory than regulatory control. A valence X regulation interaction was evident in regions of ventromedial PFC and anterior cingulate cortex, reflecting greater activation while regulating negative than positive emotion, but only during active emotion regulation (not preparation). Conjunction analyses revealed common...