Diversity and genetic potential of various morphological traits among common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, Fabaceae) landraces (original) (raw)
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Advances in Agriculture
This study was conducted on one hundred common bean landraces at the Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Melko, with the objective of assessing genetic variability and association of traits in common bean landraces collected from different parts of Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a simple lattice design with two replications. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. This highly significant difference indicates the existence of large variability among genotypes. High phenotypic coefficients of variation and genotypic coefficients of variation were obtained for plant height (19.43, 11.73), pod length (11.27, 10.69), and 100-seed weight (15.42, 12.74). High heritability in the broad sense was found for days to 50% flowering (66.98), days to 90% maturity (87.43), pod length (90.03), pod width (78.23), harvest index (98.67), and 100-seed weight (68.31). High genetic advance as a percentage of mean with high heritability was obtained for...
Research & Reviews: Journal of Botany , 2021
This experiment was conducted in Guraghe and Siltie Zones of Southern Ethiopia to assess the extents of variability and associations of characters among common bean genotypes. Data were collected on nine quantitative traits. The analysis of variance revealed significant variation among the traits. Moderate genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for 100 seeds' weight, pod length and seed per plant. Highest heritability and genetic advances as percent mean values were observed for 100 seeds' weight and pod length. Seed yield had positive and significant association with most traits at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. The maximum positive direct effects on seed yield were exerted by pods per plant and days to 90% maturity. The moderate positive indirect effect on seed yield was exerted days to 90% maturity through pods per plant. Four major PCs explained 79.72% of total variation. Pod per plant from all PCs, seed yield and days to 90% maturity were from PC1, seed per pod and days to 50% flowering from PC1 and PC2, plant height from PC2 and PC3 and seed per plant from PC1, PC3. Therefore, in future these traits would be used for selection of genotypes as improving seed yield among these common bean genotypes.
Banat's Journal of Biotechnology
Seed size, seed shape and seed colour are easily discernible phenotypic traits of beans in the market. Consumers often have specific preferences to different combinations of seed size, shape and colour. Local landraces are usually grown for their desired organoleptic and seed properties by consumers. This study investigated the variability in seed size attributes, seed shape, visual seed colour properties and seed luminosity/chromaticity properties of the germplasm of 255 landraces representing major local bean types grown in 20 provinces in Western Anatolia Region of Turkey. Measurements were made on seeds from representative single plants for seed size index, 100 seed weight, seed length, seed width, seed thickness, seed width in cross section, seed shape, seed degree of curvature in kidney types, seed shape in cross section, number of seed colors, main seed color, secondary seed colour, distribution of secondary seed color, seed veining, colour of hilum ring and values of L (Luminosity), chromaticity a*, chromaticity b*, chroma (C) and hue angle. Data were statistically analysed, principle component analysis was carried out, the germplasm was classified by UPGMA dendograms and selections were made on the bases of GGE biplot analysis. Landraces showed a considerable diversity for seed size, seed shape and seed colour trait measured. All seed size variables ranged by 2-10-fold within the germplasm. 100-seed weight ranged tenfold from very small seeded Meso-American types (18.4 g, e.g. AYD-8, KTH-30, MGL-1, DNZ-1 and BRD-24) to very large seeded Andean types (182.3 g, e.g. MGL-37, PKS-1, ANT-33, MGL-31 and ANT-16). Seed shape also varied as kidney-shaped (96 landraces), circular to elliptic (73), circular (58), elliptic (27) and rectangular (1) shapes. Main and secondary seed colours had considerable variation within the germplasm with 151 landraces had white, 31 grey, 31 beige, 23 brown, 8 violet, 5 red and 4 black main seed colour whereas 24 landraces had violet followed by 17 black and 14 red secondary seed colour. Landraces exhibited a large variation for chromaticity and luminosity variables. L value ranged between 20.3 and 90.1 representing a 4.5-fold variation. The landraces in the germplasm were assessed and characterised on the bases of diversity in seed morphological traits. Selections were made using UPGMA dendogram and GGE-biplot for production and breeding bean cultivars for preferences of changing consumer demands.
African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2019
Knowledge of the sources and magnitude of variability among genotypes plays a pivotal role in any crop improvement program to maximize gains from selection. This experiment was conducted at Bako Agricultural Research Center in 2011 cropping season with the objective of studying and estimating the extent of genetic variability in common bean genotypes under sole and mixed cropping systems. Meanwhile, the wider range of variability observed from the mean of various quantitative traits. The genotypes that varied by cropping system depicted the presence of high level of variability. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) values were recorded for hundred grain weight (29.56 and 35.46 g), biological yield (27.22 and 31.37) and grain yield (26.60 and 31.54 q/ha), whereas the lowest GCV and PCV values were recorded for days to maturity of sole common bean genotypes. Phenotypic variance in both sole and mixed cropping systems was higher than that of genotypic variances. This implies that, considerable contribution of environmental factors to the phenotypic expression of the genotypes. High broad sense heritability as observed under both sole and intercropping systems indicated that, genetic improvement can be obtained through further selection programme. Important agronomic traits: pods per plant, seeds per pod and branches per plant had positive and significant correlation with grain yield in most cases. Path coefficient analysis at genotypic level indicated that all traits except plant height, seeds per pod and hundred grain weights exerted their positive direct effect on grain yield. Hence, the current study identified the presence of wide variability between those common bean genotypes which can be used for further breeding program and selection can be made using those traits associated to yield.
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 2021
C ommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an annual, predominantly self-pollinated leguminous crop grown worldwide in a broad range of environments and cropping systems (Fetahu et al., 2014). The rate of outcrossing in common bean is below 5% (Gepts et al., 2008). It is morphologically diverse crop with distinguishable qualitative and variable quantitative traits (Joshi et al., 2009). Generally, genetic variation in bean's landraces is considerably high and has the most diverse population of cultivated crops (Frankel et al., 1995; Qualset et al., 1997). Qualitative traits are deemed useful for assessment of genetic diversity and its relationship in different crop species. High morphological diversity among genotypes is helpful in recombination of genotypes for important economic qualitative and quantitative traits (Balkaya et al., 2005). Therefore, due to high genetic diversity, the landraces are considered as a valuable source of Abstract | Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) being dual purpose (vegetable plus legume) is grown worldwide and in Pakistan specifically in the Himalayan range. Local landraces cultivated in traditional farming systems are the sole source of its production. 108 land races of beans including 96 landraces of Himalayan region, the ten Mesoamerican and the two Andean genotypes were evaluated at three locations during 2015 and 2016 at the Summer Agricultural Research Station Kaghan, Batakundi Potato Seed Farm Batakundi and Agricultural Research Station Baffa, Mansehra. This two year study is pioneer in Pakistan with an objective to document the characteristics of common bean landraces originating from the three different regions (Himalayan, Mesoamerican and Andean). Furthermore, diversity in qualitative traits (leaf color, leaf pubescence, hypocotyls pigmentation, flower color, pod color, growth habit, dry pod color, pod curvature, pod beak position, pod beak orientation, seed shape, seed coat pattern and seed color) was studied by using standard Chi square test for homogeneity of populations. Results showed that agro climatic conditions have no influence on the qualitative traits. Secondly, each landrace has its own specific and distinguishing trait like flower color, growth habit. Moreover, the traits were found highly heritable and genetically controlled as no environmental influence was observed based on two years data. Therefore, these traits can be considered to identify and distinguish landraces from each other, may be used as morphological markers in maintaining germplasm purity.
Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova, 2015
Pulses are important food sources for human consumption. In an attempt to study the associations between common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) morpho-agronomical traits, twelve genotypes and inbred lines were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2010-2011 crop season. Seed yield and 20 other morpho-agronomic characters were recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.01) difference among genotypes with respect to almost all traits. Correlation analysis demonstrated that seed yield had a strong positive correlation with both seed number per plant and seed number per pod, suggesting the usefulness of these traits in common bean breeding programs. Step-wise regression analysis pointed out that the pod weight, seed number per pod and 100 seed weight contributed to the seed yield prediction, whereas other traits did not contributed to the seed yield prediction. These traits explained almost 99% of total seed yield variat...
Genetic and Phenotypic Diversity among Some Common Bean Landraces (Phaseulus vulgaris L.) in Kosovo
The common bean is cultivated in all regions of Kosovo, along with maize or as single crop. Planting area with common beans is 7505 ha, with an average yield of 0.9 t/ha, while the annual consumption per capita is 11.53 kg. The amount and distribution of bean landraces (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Kosovo, as well as their respective traits remain poorly understood. The aim of this research was the characterization and evaluation of genetic and phenotypic diversity among common bean landraces. Characterization and evaluation of bean genotypes was done according with IBPGR descriptor. The experimental design was a random complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. The main investigated phenotypic parameters were: days to flowering (G-DF) 19.04%, days to maturity (G-DM) 6.87%, days flowering to days of maturity (DF-DM) 18,84%. Pod traits diversity and variability between genotypes were estimated by: pod length (PL) 73.05% and pod width (PW) 15.5%. Significant differences for diversity and variability, were found among different landraces. From our findings we can conclude that there is a high diversity and variability among common bean landraces in Kosovo.
2014
The present study was undertaken in Kharif 2011 and 2012 at Research Farm of Regional Research station of SKUAST-K at Wadura. The divergence of beans collection comprising 300 genotypes including 297 test germplasm accessions and three checks namely Shalimar Rajmash-1, Contender and Selection-3 was studied using factor analysis. We considered eight quantitative traits related to seed yield namely days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of pods/plant, pod length, seeds/pod, 100-seed weight and seed yield/plant. Analysis of variance revealed that there were significant differences between checks and accessions, between accessions and between checks for all the traits. It indicated presence of substantial amount of variation among the test entries. The factor analysis was based on Pearson correlation matrix and Euclidean distances. Total variance explained with the four PC's was more than 70%. Latent roots (Eigen values) are between 2.318 for the first and 0.112 f...
Advances in Agriculture
The efficiency of variety development can be determined with variability and genetic progress of released varieties. The aim of this study was to determine the variability and genetic advancement of common bean varieties. Randomized Completed Block Design was used to evaluate 15 varieties at Koga and Chefa in 2013. Cluster, principal, and biplot analysis including genetic parameter estimation were done following analysis of variance. Significant variation was observed among the varieties, and they are clustered into four groups. Seed color and size were found as an important factors for clustering of the varieties. Hawassa Dume and Nasir have red and small seeded, respectively, and clustered in one group. Similarly, Awash 1 and Awash Melka are both small white and clustered in one group. Hawassa Dume was highly similar to Nasir, and Red Wolayta with Dimitu, while a large distance was recorded between Awash Melka and Haramaya. Deme and Haramaya were found the most divergent and uniqu...
Acta Scientific Agriculture, 2019
Knowledge of genetic diversity is crucial to assess the variability of genotypes and their potential use in crop improvement programs. The present experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Station (HRS), Dailekh (1300 masl) for three years during 2016-2018 to study the agro-morphological variability and performance of six genotypes of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for pod and seed yield. The genotypes viz. Bhatte, Chaumase, Dhankute Chirrke, WP Con Bean, White OP and, Trishuli were experimented in Randomized Completely Block (RCB) design with four replications. Observations were recorded on 14 qualitative and 12 quantitative traits. Among the qualitative traits, French bean genotypes observed variability for stem pigmentation, leaf color, leaflet shape, stem hairiness, flower color, pod color, pod shape, pod cross-section, pod beak position, pod appearance, seed size, seed shape and, seed color. Analysis of variance for quantitative traits showed significant differences among all the genotypes for all the characters studied. Three year mean results showed the genotype Chaumase (35.0 t/ha) followed by Trishuli (28.0 t/ha), WP Con Bean (24.6 t/ha) and White OP (22.9 t/ha) recorded the maximum green pod yield. Similarly, genotypes Chaumase (2.1 t/ha), Trishuli (2.1 t/ha), Dhankute Chirrke (1.44 t/ha) and White OP (1.09 t/ha) were found promising for seed production purpose. The agro-morphological variation observed in growth and pod characters could be utilized in varietal improvement programs. Future research work needed to be focused on the further evaluation of these genotypes under different production systems for yield and seed production and to identify traits useful for crop improvement.