Geography and Growth: The Role of a Geotec Index on Agricultural Regional Income Convergence (original) (raw)
REGIONAL CONVERGENCE IN AGRICULTURE GROWTH IN INDIA: A STATE LEVEL ANALYSIS
This paper is an attempt to investigate the regional convergence of agriculture growth in India. The consequences model states that regional divergence at initial level of growth and convergence took place later on when the economy reached to the maturity. Being an agrian economy, it become essential to see whether this growth is as agriculture is conversing on this time among the state in India or not. In this paper has been measured among the state in term of agriculture production and productivity of agriculture major food grain crops. This study is based on secondary data. Data have been taken from Ministry of Agriculture Government of India. For the purpose growth model and sigma convergence model has been applied, it found the regional divergence has taken place in growth of agriculture in India.
2012
Zusammenfassung : Die Unterstützung des landwirtschaftlichen Sektors wird unter anderem mit dessen Beitrag für die ländliche wirtschaftliche Entwicklung gerechtfertigt. Die Rolle einer stabilen Landwirtschaft ist aber möglicherweise ambivalent: Positive Impulseffekte könnten ebenso von ihr ausgehen wie negative Konkurrenzeffekte. Unter diesen Bedingungen kann eine sektorale Förderung durch falsche Marktanreize mittel- und langfristig auch negativ auf die allgemeine wirtschaftliche Entwicklung wirken. Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert den regional differenzierten Zusammenhang zwischen der landwirtschaftlichen und der außerlandwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung empirisch. Das verwendete Panel-Schätzmodel nutzt Daten der regionalen volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnung der NUTS 3-Regionen der EU27. Es werden verschiedene Entwicklungsregime mit unterschiedlichen Rollen der Landwirtschaft identifiziert. In entwickelten Volkswirtschaften dominieren die Konkurrenzeffekte zwischen den Sektoren, d...
REGIONAL CONVERGENCE OR DIVERGENCE? A DISTRICT LEVEL ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURE IN KARNATAKA
Economic growth could be incomplete without a regional balance. Agriculture sector plays a key role in driving the economic growth. Therefore, regional imbalance in growth of agriculture would also be reflected in the economy as a whole. Karnataka being one of the agriculturally important states of the country, disparities in growth across its districts is evaluated in this paper. The convergence hypothesis states that the regions that lagged behind in growth initially would catch-up with the rest and thus disparities could reduce over time. This hypothesis is tested for with three convergence tools and additionally with the unit root test. Prima facie, there was no indication of either convergence or divergence (low R 2 and non-significant parameter) in the absolute convergence. But, the conditional convergence results depicted that the states achieved convergence towards their own steady states at a rate of 1.5% per annum and this process was negatively influenced by the two factors namely, proportion of commercial and plantation crops area and proportion of irrigated area. Unit root test further supported the finding that higher growth among regions with higher plantation crops area resulted in divergence across regions. Thus, it resulted in two convergence clubs, those of 'poor' and 'rich'. This calls for a concentrated effort in agro-climatic regional planning to develop irrigation potentials of resource poor regions on priority so that farmers can undertake profitable enterprise and thus a balanced regional growth.
Regional Income Disparities and Convergence: Does Spatial Dependence Matter?
2007
The paper deals with exploring regional economic growth, income disparities and convergence in the countries of the European Union. Overall, 861 regions – mainly at the regional level NUTS-3 – of the EU enlarged in May 2004 are analyzed for the period 1995 2003. Spatial econometric methods are applied in order to identify existing spatial interaction and to control effects of spatial autocorrelation. The estimators confirmed that that there is spatial dependence between observations. The results of the analysis show that poorer regions mainly situated in the European periphery have tended to grow faster than the relatively rich European core regions. However, this catching-up process has been painfully slow and it has been driven mainly by national factors. Particularly, national growth rates in the new member states (NMS) have been dominated by very dynamic metropolitan areas. The forces that drive regional convergence seem to have not yet prevailed in NMS. If it can be expected th...
The impact of regional disparities on economic growth
The authors investigated how economic growth affects the disparity in the distribution of regional income in Poland and vice versa. The research was based on annual data covering the period 2000-2009. In general, the research was divided into two main parts. First, the authors examined the evolution of the level of spatial inequalities in income in Poland over the last decade using the concepts of sigma and beta convergence. Next the nature of causal dependences was investigated between this inequality and economic growth. It was found that Polish regions did not converge with respect to the distribution of income as total GDP grew. The second part of the research provided evidence to claim that this inequality caused growth. Moreover, the evidence was also found that growth affected regional inequality. Finally, the authors noticed that the effects of both these factors were positive. The results suggest that as a consequence of rapid economic growth, some regions in Poland seized new opportunities, while less developed regions were unable to keep up with the challenging requirements of a decade of fast economic growth.
Regional push: towards a geography of development and growth in lowand middle-income countries
2002
Regional push derives from the geographic agglomeration of economic activities, and is expressed in increments to national productivity. Various pieces of statistical evidence in favour of the existence of regional push effects in low-and middle-income economies are marshalled. The origins of these effects in different sorts of externalities and increasing returns to agglomerative scale and scope are analysed in theoretical terms.
Land Use Policy, 2009
Land suitability, water balance and agricultural technological inputs are important characteristics of the soil as a natural resource and can play a significant role in the agricultural production and productivity. Based on these characteristics, a Geographic and Technological Index, the GeoTec Index, is proposed in order to help detecting regional agricultural income inequalities and also to be used as a geographic variable in economic studies. The GeoTec Index is built as a weighted average of three sub indices, namely, Land Suitability, Hydrological and Technological Indices. The Land Suitability Index is based on the agricultural suitability or the aptitude of a given land to support a defined agricultural use. The Hydrological Index (HyI) is based on a water balance which determines the potential and actual amounts of evapotranspiration and water surplus, or excess of precipitation over evapotranspiration, and corresponds to a number that represents either the annual soil water excesses or deficits. And the Technological Index is the sum of several sub indices, based on technological inputs used in the agriculture, such as soil conservation practices, farmer's technical assistance, use of soil fertilizers and correctives, presence of electric power, use of pest and disease control and use of irrigation. The Geographic and Technological Index (GeoTec) is a combination of the Land Suitability, Hydrological and Technological Indices and it is calculated with data from Minas Gerais State, Brazil, for the period of 1990-2001. The criterion for the regional subdivision of Minas Gerais State was the one proposed by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), which divides the state into 66 micro regions. The highest values of GeoTec Index are obtained at micro regions of the most developed part of the state, whereas the lowest values of the GeoTec Index are found in micro regions located in the poorest part of Minas Gerais State. There was a strong and positive relationship between the GeoTec Index and the productivity of grains and, at the same time, there is a strong negative relationship between the GeoTec Index and the percentage of poor people in Minas Gerais State micro regions. The GeoTec Index can be a powerful instrument for detecting regional inequalities and to implement public policies as an attempt to decrease the agricultural income disparities among regions.
Spatial Effects of Income Growth Among Farmers in Mountainous Region
SGM_2024_Symposium, 2024
This study explores the spatial effects of income growth among farmers in the Sichuan Basin's mountainous regions, addressing how varying mountainous typologies influence income distribution and regional economic interdependencies. By applying the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM), we identify both direct and spillover effects across typologies such as quasi-mountainous, semi-mountainous, and fully mountainous areas, offering insights into the unique economic dynamics influenced by geographic and infrastructural factors. The findings reveal significant spatial dependencies and income inequality patterns, with fully mountainous areas exhibiting higher inequality due to geographic isolation, while non-mountainous regions benefit from greater infrastructure access and lower inequality. Temporal analysis highlights stable spatial patterns in indicators like income inequality and air quality, while variables such as GDP per capita and tertiary industry ratio exhibit dynamic spatial clustering trends influenced by policy shifts and economic initiatives. This research provides valuable guidance for policymakers, suggesting targeted development strategies for each typology to enhance rural income growth and promote equitable economic development across diverse terrains.