Structure-Based Design, Synthesis and Molecular Modeling Studies of Thiazolyl Urea Derivatives as Novel Anti-Parkinsonian Agents (original) (raw)
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European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2009
A series of 3-phenyl/ethyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydrothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7-yl urea and thiourea derivatives were designed and synthesized. All the compounds have been evaluated for their antiparkinsonian activity in catalepsy induced by haloperidol in mice. A majority of the compounds exhibited significant antiparkinsonian activity after intraperitoneal administration. The most active compound carries methoxy group at 2-position of the phenyl ring. Some of the potent compounds were selected for biochemical estimations of malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase from brain homogenate to highlight the neuroprotective properties associated with them. The results obtained in the present study may lead to the development of a suitable approach to the treatment of Parkinson's disease and may be the starting point for the future drug design.
Computational assessment of the binding interactions of drugs is an important component of computer-aided drug design paradigms. In this perspective, a set of 30 1-(substituted phenyl)-3-(naphtha[1, 2-d] thiazol-2-yl) urea/thiourea derivatives showing antiparkinsonian activity were docked into inhibitor binding cavity of human adenosine A2A receptor (AA2AR) to understand their mode of binding interactions in silico. Lamarckian genetic algorithm methodology was employed for docking simulations using AutoDock 4.2 program. The results signify that the molecular docking approach is reliable and produces a good correlation coefficient (r 2 = 0.483) between docking score and antiparkinsonian activity (in terms of % reduction in catalepsy score). Potent antiparkinsonian agents carried methoxy group in the phenyl ring, exhibited both hydrophilic and lipophilic interactions with lower energy of binding at the AA2AR. These molecular docking analyses should, in our view, contribute for further development of selective AA2AR antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 2024
Objective: The study focuses on the benzylidene-based hydroxy benzyl urea derivative as free radical scavengers in PD. Methods: The derivatives were designed, synthesized, and characterized using FTIR, 1 H, 13 C-NMR, and Mass spectrometry. Further in vitro studies were performed on the SHSY-5Y cell lines. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic studies were performed at 100 ns to predict the binding affinity and stability of the ligand/protein complex. Results: Among the nine derivatives, compounds HBU-2, and HBU-4were found to have the highest binding affinity-9.699 kcal/mol, and-9.020 kcal/mol with the amino acid interactions SER 149, PHE 157, ARG 158, SER 159, ILE 230, and ASP 231. Further, this HBU-1 to HBU-9 derivatives were produced using a synthesis route. The neurotoxicity studies were performed on the SHSY-5Y cells, where the % cell viability for the compound HBU-2, and HBU-4 was 91.22 %, and 90.42 %at a minimal concentration of 125 µg/ml with a p-value<0.011. Further, the cell counts and LDH assay for the compound HBU-2, and HBU-4 with MPP + treatment predicted 0.72-fold change and 0.66-fold change. The ROS % activity was also measured for compounds HBU-2 and HBU-4 in conjunction with the MPP + induction. In the SHSY-5Y cell line, compound HBU-2 downregulated the ROS level to 45%. Conclusion: The synthesized compounds were found to have good free radical scavenging properties on SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cell lines, considering these derivatives could be further assessed using appropriate PD models.
Parkinson's results from the degeneration of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the brain, specifically in the substantia nigra and the locus coeruleus. It is characterized by muscle rigidity, tremor, a slowing of physical movement (bradykinesia) and, in extreme cases, a loss of physical movement ( akinesia ). Drug designing, one of the hottest topics have found its new pathway to create a history in the field of medical science. The lead compound analysis starts with CADD, assisting to identify and to optimize the right compound. The technique helps in generating a suitable compound specific to the disease; thereby an effective treatment is achieved. Molecular modeling method has been used for modeling a new molecule for Parkinson's using Carbidopa , a drug that's already designed. This drug is drawn using hyperchem, and its R group is modified by replacing different functional groups like CL, F, CF 2 OH, CCL 2 OH, NH 2 , CF 3, CH 2 CH 3, OH, and I its place and docked by using gold software. The molecules designed as such are optimized using different algorithms and their affinity is checked with protein. The binding free energy of the protein is calculated by performing docking process. The molecule with minimum binding energy will have the maximum binding affinity. The binding free energy is calculated by the formula Z = Sum of the energy of optimized ligand devoid of solvation parameters and the energy of the protein -ligand optimization.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Research, 2021
Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is considered as a promising target to reduce blood pressure, improve insulin sensitivity, and decrease inflammation. Material and Method: In this study, a series of some novel quinazoline-4(3H)- one derivatives (3a-t) with varying steric and electronic properties was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as sEH Inhibitors (sEHI). Most of the synthesized compounds had similar inhibitory activity to the commercial reference inhibitor, 12-(3-adamantan-1-ylureido) dodecanoic acid, and among them, 4-chloro-N-(4-(4-oxo-3,4-dihy- droquinazoline-2-yl)phenyl)benzamide (3g) was identified as the most active sEHI (IC50 = 0.5 nM), about two-fold more potent compared to the reference inhibitor. Conclusion: The results of molecular modeling followed by biological studies indicate that a quinazolinone ring serves as a suitable scaffold to develop novel small molecule candidates to inhibits EH and the nature of substituent on the amide moiety has a mode...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2018
Objective: Mechanistic study of newly reported anti-Parkinson agents by molecular docking to predict possible target. Methods: Structures of newer drugs known anti-Parkinson agents were drawn using ChemBioDraw 2D software. Thereafter, they were converted to 3D structures using ChemBioDraw 3D software in which they were subjected to energy minimization using the MM2 method and then saved as PDB extension files, which can be accessed using the AutoDock Vina (ADT) interface. ADT 1.5.6 software version was used for molecular docking study. Results: Various molecular targets were selected (D2/D3, D2, A2A, and MAO-B) and studied for Pardoprunox, Istradefylline, Rasagiline, and Bromocriptine. Pardoprunox, Istradefylline, and Bromocriptine had more affinity with their corresponding receptor with −6.9, −8.5, and −9.4 kcal/mol binding affinity, respectively, except Rasagiline, who has less affinity with its corresponding receptor (−6.4kcal/mol) and shown better affinity with 3pbl receptor (−6.7 kcal/mol). Conclusion: Pardoprunox, Istradefylline, and Bromocriptine were found to act on D2/D3 (3pbl), A2A (3pwh), and D2 (4yyw), respectively, whereas Rasagiline found to be act on D2/D3 (3pbl) receptor. The results help in prediction of mechanism and interaction to various Parkinson's disease targets.
ChemMedChem, 2018
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors are potential drug candidates for the treatment of various neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease. A total of 20 new propargyl-containing 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and screened for MAO inhibition using Amplex Red assays. All the synthesized compounds were found to be reversible and selective inhibitors of the MAO-B isoform at sub-micromolar concentrations. MVB3 was the most potent MAO-B inhibitor with an ICvalue of 0.38±0.02 μμ, whereas MVB6 (IC=0.51±0.04 μμ) and MVB16 (IC=0.48±0.06 μμ) were the most selective for MAO-B with a selectivity index of more than 100-fold. In cytotoxic studies, these compounds were found to be nontoxic to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells at concentrations of 25 μm. MVB6 was found to decrease the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species to 68 % at 10 μm concentration, whereas other compounds did not produce significant changes in reactive oxygen species level...
World Research Journal of Pharma Technology, 2017
Drug design is also called as rational drug design or simply rational design. For the process of drug development, to fulfil these challenges, many multidisciplinary approaches are required and these approaches would form the basis of rational drug design. Molecular docking algorithms execute quantitative predictions of binding energetic which provide rankings of docked compounds which is based on the binding affinity of ligand-receptor complexes.