The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and Screening for Dementia (original) (raw)
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Detecting dementia with the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and the Mini-Mental State Examination
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2004
The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were administered to 323 non-demented elderly and 70 individuals who meet DSM-IV criteria for dementia in order to compare the validity of these two measures for detecting mild dementia and for the two most common dementia subtypes, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). The study was conducted in an elderly, ethnically diverse community-dwelling population. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated over a range of clinically relevant cut scores for each test. We analyzed the influence of age, education, reading ability and sex on test performance using logistic regression models.
The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and Detection of MCI and Mild Dementia: A Literature Review
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Parkinsonism, 2014
A decline in verbal memory is one of the primary symptoms found in amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) and most types of dementia. To detect verbal memory impairment in clinical and research settings, the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) has been recommended. In the current paper, the utility of the HVLT for aMCI/mild dementia diagnostics, as well as its use in treatment studies is reviewed. The HVLT was considered to have good diagnostic accuracy, be well tolerated and applicable across cultures. Optimal cutoffs for MCI and mild dementia are discussed and their possible relation to demographic factors such as age, gender, ethnicity and education.
Screening for dementia by memory testing
Neurology, 1988
Article abstract-Enhanced cued recall provides a simple and clinically useful memory test for identifying dementia in the elderly. Because this test induces semantic processing and coordinates encoding and retrieval for maximum recall, genuine memory deficits due to impairment of specific memory processes can be distinguished from apparent memory deficits due to use of inefficient strategies or impairment of other cognitive processes. Since genuine memory deficits in the elderly are usually associated with dementia, their identification is highly predictive of clinical dementia. The present study validates the use of enhanced cued recall as a screening test for dementia in 70 aged subjects. All but one person with a pure amnesia were correctly classified. Enhanced cued recall correctly classified 97% of the 120 subjects in this and the previous study. Enhanced cued recall shows learning not revealed by free recall, providing more accurate measurement of memory, and distinguish-demented from nondemented elderly more accurately than either free recall or recognition.
Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders extra, 2012
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered to be an early stage of a neurodegenerative disorder, particularly Alzheimer's disease, and the clinical diagnosis requires the objective demonstration of cognitive deficits. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictive value of MCI for the conversion to dementia when using four different verbal memory tests (Logical Memory, LM; California Verbal Learning Test, CVLT; Verbal Paired-Associate Learning, VPAL; and Digit Span, DS) in the MCI criteria. Methods: Participants were consecutive patients with subjective cognitive complaints who performed a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation and were not demented, observed in a memory clinic setting. Results: At baseline, 272 non-demented patients reporting subjective cognitive complaints were included. During the follow-up time (3.0 8 1.9 years), 58 patients converted to dementia and 214 did not. Statistically significant differences between the converters and non-converters were present in LM, VPAL, and CVLT. A multivariate Cox regression analysis combining the four memory tests revealed that only the CVLT test remained significant as a predictor of conversion to dementia. Non-demented patients with cognitive complaints diagnosed as having MCI according to abnormal ( ! 1.5 SD) learning in the CVLT test had a 3.61 higher risk of becoming demented during the follow-up. Conclusion: The verbal memory assessment using the CVLT should be preferred in the diagnostic criteria of MCI for a more accurate prediction of conversion to dementia.
Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 2013
The decline of verbal memory and learning is one of the main symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Hopkins Verbal Test-Revised (HVLT-R) to discriminate subjects with AD, amnestic MCI (aMCI), and a healthy control group in a Spanish population. Two hundred ninety-eight subjects were assessed with the HVLT-R and the Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MEC 35). There were significant differences in the HVLT-R delay recall and total free recall scores of aMCI, AD, and control subjects. Cut points with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity were found and showed better sensitivity than the MEC 35 in detecting AD and aMCI. Recognition scores failed to differentiate between impaired and control subjects. The HVLT-R delay recall and total free recall scores present high diagnostic utility for their employment in clinical practice in AD and MCI in a Spanish population.
A cognitive screening battery for dementia in the elderly
Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 2000
The objective of this study is to propose a screening instrument for dementia based on a reduced number of neuropsychological tests. The sample consists in the pooled data of the five follow-up visits of the Paquid cohort study on cerebral aging: the estimation sample included 2792 subjects (8830 observations) and the validation sample included 985 subjects (2643 observations). Among scores significantly associated with dementia, we retained only those that increased the specificity of the model for a sensitivity of one. Seven neuropsychological tests and the MMSE subscores were considered. The most discriminant combination of tests included the MMSE and the subscores "orientation to time" and "recall three objects," the Benton Visual Retention Test, and Isaacs' Set Test of verbal fluency. The specificity of this screening instrument was 0.77 for a sensitivity of 1.
Comparison between two tests of delayed recall for the diagnosis of dementia
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 2006
Diagnosis of dementia is a challenge in populations with heterogeneous educational background. Objective: To compare the accuracies of two delayed recall tests for the diagnosis of dementia in a community with high pro p o rtion of illiterates. Method: The delayed recall of a word list from the CERAD battery (DR-CERAD) was compared with the delayed recall of objects presented as line drawings f rom the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (DR-BCSB) using ROC curves. Illiterate (23 controls and 17 patients with dementia) and literate individuals (28 controls and 17 patients with dementia) were evaluated in a community-dwelling Brazilian population. Results: The DR-BCSB showed higher accuracy than the DR-CERAD in the illiterate (p=0.029), similar accuracy in the literate individuals (p=0.527), and a trend for higher accuracy in the entire population (p=0.084). Conclusion: the DR-BCSB could be an alternative for the diagnosis of dementia in populations with high proportion of illiterates.
A Brief Dementia Test with Subjective and Objective Measures
Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra, 2015
Background: The development of an effective brief dementia test will help in the early identification of dementia. Aim: This study investigates the diagnostic utility of a brief cognitive test for dementia which combines a short subjective informant-rated questionnaire (AD8) with an objective cognitive measure (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) or its subcomponents. Methods: Subjects with mild dementia (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale score ≤ 1) were matched with community-dwelling, cognitively intact controls. MMSE and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale were administered to all subjects, while AD8 was completed by a reliable informant. Receiver operating characteristics analysis determined the diagnostic accuracies of AD8, MMSE, and AD8 combined with MMSE (AD8+MMSE). Stepwise logistic regression identified the subcomponents of MMSE which, combined with AD8, best discriminated dementia patients from controls. Results: The AD8 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-0.95) was superior to the MMSE (AUC = 0.87, 95% CI 0.83-0.92) in discriminating mild dementia patients from controls, and AD8+MMSE (AUC = 0.95, 0.92-0.98) increased its superior discrimination over MMSE alone. AD8 combined with three-item recall and intersecting pentagon copy (AUC = 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.97) performed as well as AD8 combined with full MMSE. Conclusion: AD8 combined with the MMSE subcomponents threeitem recall and intersecting pentagon copy has excellent diagnostic utility and is a promising brief cognitive test for early dementia.