The impact of arginine on bacterial translocation in an intestinal obstruction model in rats (original) (raw)
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Prevention of bacterial translocation using glutamine: a new strategy of investigation
Nutrition, 2006
Objective: This study investigated the role of glutamine (Gln) on bacterial translocation in an intestinal obstruction model by using Escherichia coli labeled with technetium 99m ( 99m Tc-E. coli). Methods: Intestinal obstruction was performed by a single ligature of the terminal ileum in rats. Animals in the control group (group 1) were sham operated (not obstructed). Experimental group 2 had intestinal obstruction. Groups 1 and 2 were not treated with Gln. Groups 3 and 4 were treated with Gln for 7 d before surgery with 250 and 500 mg · kg Ϫ1 · d Ϫ1 , respectively. A suspension containing 100 million colony-forming units/mL of 99m Tc-E. coli was injected into the lumen of the ileum. Twenty-four hours after surgery, blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, livers, spleens, and lungs were collected for determination of radioactivity. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed for statistical analysis. P Յ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Rats that had an intestinal obstruction showed a significant increase in 99m Tc-E. coli translocation from the lumen to all organs investigated compared with the sham-operated group (P Յ 0.01). There was a significant difference between the intestinally obstructed group and Group 4 treated with Gln at 500 mg · kg Ϫ1 · d Ϫ1 (P Յ 0.05), which did not occur in Group 3 treated with Gln at 250 mg · kg Ϫ1 · d Ϫ1 . Conclusions: The new method using 99m Tc-E. coli was found to be suitable for studies of bacterial translocation. Gln did not prevent bacterial translocation but did significantly decrease the spread of 99m Tc-E. coli among organs such as the liver, lung, and spleen. The effect of Gln in cases of intestinal obstruction was found to be dose dependent.
Nutrition, 2010
Objective: To evaluate the effects of arginine on intestinal barrier integrity and bacterial translocation (BT) in mice undergoing intestinal obstruction. Methods: Mice were divided into 3 groups, treated for 7 d before surgical intervention with isocaloric and isoprotein diets. The ARG group received a diet containing 2% arginine, the IO (intestinal obstruction) and Sham groups, standard chow diet. On the eighth day of treatment, all animals received diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) solution labeled with 99m Technetium (99m Tc-DTPA) by gavage for intestinal permeability analysis. After 90 min, the animals were anesthetized and the terminal ileum ligated. The Sham group only underwent laparotomy. After 4, 8, and 18 h, blood was collected for radioactivity determination. Samples of ileum were collected 18 h after surgery for histological analysis. In another set of animals, BT was evaluated. After 7 d of treatment, all animals received 10 8 CFU/mL of 99m Tc-E.coli by gavage; 90 min later they were submitted to the surgical procedure described above. BT was determined by the uptake of 99m Tc-E.coli in blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and lungs, assessed 18 h after the surgery. Results: The intestinal permeability and BT were higher in the IO group when compared with the Sham group (P < 0.05). Arginine supplementation reduced intestinal permeability and BT to physiologic levels. Histological analysis showed mucosal ileum preservation in animals treated with arginine. Conclusion: Arginine was able to preserve barrier integrity, thus reducing BT.
Nutrition, 2002
We investigated whether oral glutamine prevents bacterial translocation. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were fed with isocaloric and isoproteic standard rat chow and randomly assigned to receive glutamine (GLN) or glycine administered through an orogastric tube at 1.5 g ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ d Ϫ1 for 7 d. On day 8 of the study, the animals were anesthetized and intestinal obstruction was produced by ligature of the terminal ileum. A suspension containing 10 9 colony-forming units per milliliter of Escherichia coli ATCC 25992 was injected into the lumen of the ileum. Twenty-four hours later, blood was withdrawn, and mesenteric lymph nodes and fragments of spleen, liver, and lung were sent for microbiological analysis. Cultures were done on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Student's t test and analysis of variance between two proportions were used. P Ͻ 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Rats in both groups lost body weight during the experiment (not significant). Mesenteric lymph node cultures were positive in both groups. The GLN group had a smaller percentage of E. coli in blood and organ cultures (65.45% versus 82.67% in the glycine group; P ϭ 0.027). Positive cultures of blood, spleen, liver and lung also were higher on glycine group, although not significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Oral GLN does not prevent bacterial translocation in rats after intestinal obstruction and E. coli challenge. No specific organ was protected by GLN. Nevertheless, its use was associated with a reduced number of positive E. coli cultures in blood and remote organs, and thus diminished bacteria spread. This association suggests a role for GLN in gut barrier protection, possibly by immune system enhancement. Nutrition 2002;18:334 -337.
Assessment of bacterial translocation in obstructive jaundice using Tc99m Escherichia coli
Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 2005
In obstructive jaundice, the passage of bacteria and endotoxins through the intestine wall to reach the systemic circulation is associated with septicemia, renal failure and pulmonary dysfunction. The aim of this work was to investigate bacterial translocation utilizing 99m Tc-E.coli in an experimental model of obstructive jaundice. The levels of bilirubin in rats that were subjected to ligature of the bile duct were significantly increased when compared to control animals (p < 0.001). The biodistribution results did not show any translocation of 99m Tc-E.coli to the mesenteric lymphatic nodules, liver, spleen or lungs of the rats that suffered ligature of the bile duct (p > 0.05). The evaluation of the intestinal permeability using "per os" administration of 99m Tc-DTPA showed 1.61 ± 0.57% and 1.39 ± 0.72% of radioactivity in the urine of the control and jaundice animals, respectively. The histological analysis of the distal wall of the ileum showed that the covering epithelium and the crypt were morphologically preserved in both groups. The seven-day period after the ligature of the bile duct may not have been long enough to promote modifications in intestinal wall to occur so as to permit the passage of Tc-99m E.coli.
Influence of uracil on bacterial translocation in an intestinal obstruction model in rats
International Journal of Surgery, 2013
Introduction: Bacterial translocation occurs when intestinal mucosa and the intestinal wall lose their barrier properties against bacteria such as in the case of intestinal obstruction. Enteral nutrition with immunonutrients strengthens the immune system and thickens the intestinal barrier thus preventing bacterial translocation. Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of uracil which is an immunonutrient on bacterial translocation using rats with intestinal obstruction as a model. Methods: Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. The control group was fed with standard chow diet, while the other two groups were fed with uracil-supplemented chow diet. The rats were fed with these diets for seven days. And the end of the feeding period all groups were submitted intestinal obstruction and injected with 99m Tc labeled Escherichia coli into the rats' terminal ileum under anesthetic. The rats were sacrificed 24 h later. Their blood, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver, spleen, lung and ileum were removed to determine level of radioactivity. Results: When compared with the control group it was determined that uracil supplementation reduced the level of bacterial translocation. Conclusion: Uracil may be used in the prevention of bacterial translocation in cases of intestinal obstruction because it strengthens the intestinal barrier and the immune system. However, more studies are needed to clearly explain the mechanism behind uracil's beneficial role here.
Effect of L-arginine on the course of experimental colitis
Clinical Nutrition, 2001
L-Arg is the substrate for nitric oxide, and also for L-ornithine which, in turn, is the precursor for the synthesis of collagen and polyamines. By these di¡erent metabolic pathways, L-Arg is involved in the mechanisms of in£ammation, tissue repair and ¢brosis. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the e¡ect of both di¡erent amounts of L-Arg supplementation and L-Arg-free diets upon colonic in£ammatory damage and ¢brosis in experimental colitis. Methods: Sprague^Dawley rats with trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis received increasing doses of L-Arg (30, 100, 500 mg/day), or D-Arg (500 mg/day). In a second experiment, two L-Arg-free diets (one supplemented with L-Gly) were compared to a L-Arg diet. Nitrite/nitrate release in the lumen of the colon and colonic damage were evaluated. In the ¢rst experiment, tissue collagen levels and colonic mucosal proliferation were also assessed. Results: In the acute phase of colitis, intracolonic nitrite/nitrate levels were signi¢cantly higher in the 100 and 500 mg supplemented L-Arg groups than in D-Arg group. However, only rats treated with 500 mg of L-Arg showed moderately higher in£ammatory and ¢brosis colonic scores than the D-Arg treated rats.There was no signi¢cant in£uence of L-Argfree diets on the course ofTNBS-induced colitis. However, L-Arg diet accelerated weight gain both pre-and post-TNBS. Conclusions:These results suggest that normal amounts of L-Arg in the diet are not harmful, whereas both absence of L-Arg or supplementation with high doses of this amino acid may be deleterious. In the former this might be due to a decrease of nitrogen retention in injured rats, whereas in the latter it may result from both nitric oxide-mediated tissue damage and collagen deposition.
Bagcılar medical bulletin, 2021
The aim of this experimental study is to research the effects of L-alanine and L-glutamine, which are being widely used on intensive care patients, on the liver, structural changes in the small intestine, wound healing, and bacterial translocation. Method: Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats which weighe 190-230 gr were used in this study. Rats were separated into two randomized groups. In accordance with experimental rat burn model, skin burn was created in every rat and both groups were fed equally for 21 days. The experimental group was administered L-glutamine + L-alanine containing product (Dipeptiven ® , Fresenius Kabi BadHamborg, Germany) for 5 mL/kg/day orally. At the end of the 21 st day, all rats were sacrificed. Biopsy materials were obtained from the liver, small intestine, and burn wound, and blood culture was taken under sterile conditions. In pathologic examination, structural changes in tissues and wound healing were evaluated. In microbiologic examination, the effects of L-glutamine and L-alanine on bacterial translocation were evaluated by comparing small intestine and blood cultures. Results: No structural difference was seen among small intestine biopsies between two groups. No liver damage was seen in the experimental group while live biopsies showed grade 1 damage in the control group. Epithelization and granulation were detected as better in the pathologic examination of skin biopsies obtained from burn wound in the experimental group. Microbiologic examination showed bacterial replication in a total of 4 rats from the control group, two rats showed Amaç: Bu deneysel çalışmanın amacı, yoğun bakım hastalarında sıklıkla kullanılan L-alanin + L-glutaminin, karaciğer, ince bağırsaktaki yapısal değişikliklere, yara iyileşmesine ve bakteriyel translokasyona etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 190-230 gr olan 20 adet erkek Sprague Dawley rat kullanıldı. Deney, 2 grup üzerinde tasarlandı. Tüm ratlarda, deneysel rat yanık modeline uygun olarak yanık oluşturuldu ve her iki grup eşit şartlarda 21 gün beslendi. Deney grubuna, 5 mL/kg/gün L-glutamin + L-alanin içeren (Dipeptiven ® , Fresenius Kabi BadHamborg, Almanya) preparat oral yolla verildi. Yirmi bir günün sonunda tüm ratlar sakrifiye edildi. Tüm ratlardan steril şartlarda, karaciğer, ince bağırsak, yanık yarasından biyopsiler ve kan kültürleri alındı. Patolojik incelemede karaciğer ve ince bağırsak dokularındaki yapısal değişiklikler ve yara iyileşmesi değerlendirildi. Mikrobiyolojik incelemede ince bağırsak ve kan kültürleri kıyaslanarak L-glutamin + L-alaninin bakteriyel translokasyona etkisi araştırıldı. Bulgular: İki grup arasında ince bağırsak biyopsileri arasında hiçbir yapısal fark görülmedi. Karaciğer biyopsilerinde kontrol grubunda grade 1 hasarlanma mevcutken deney grubunda hasar tespit edilemedi. Yanık yarasından alınan deri biyopsilerinin patolojik incelemesinde deney grubunda epitelizasyon ve granulasyonun daha iyi olduğu tespit edildi. Mikrobiyolojik incelemede kontrol grubundaki iki ratın ince bağırsak ve kan kültürlerinde S. aureus, iki ratın ince bağırsak ve kan kültürlerinde de S.epidermidis olmak üzere toplamda dört ratta üreme tespit edildi.