Color Stability of Computer-aided Design–Computeraided Manufacturing of Ceramic Materials upon Lightemitting Diode Illumination Bleaching (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of Bleaching on a CAD/CAM Hybrid Ceramic Material
Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Chemia, 2017
The objective of our study was to test the bleaching effect of two whitening gels, on stained hybrid ceramic material used for Computer Aided Design/ Computer Aided Manufacturing technology. 40 rectangular specimens 12/14/1mm were prepared form Vita Enamic blocks. All specimens were accelerated stained, and distributed in two groups. Group 1 was bleached using Opalescence PF 15% (Ultradent, USA), group 2 was bleached using an experimental gel containing natural products. ∆E* (used to asses the color changes) was above the perceptibility threshold of 1.2 in 40%; and the WID (used to asses the bleaching process in dentistry) showed high units for both bleaching gels. Hybrid ceramics staining showed moderate results, while the bleaching effect was present, with no statistical difference between the discolorations produced by the two bleaching gels (p<0.05). SEM images showed that the bleaching gels did not affect the surface structure of the material.
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 2021
Objective: To analyze the impact of the color of a resin composite cement (RCC) on the optical properties of different computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramics. Materials and methods: Specimens (N = 220, thickness: 0.9 ± 0.03 mm) were fabricated from: leucite (Initial LRF Block/IPS Empress CAD), lithium disilicate (Amber Mill/IPS e.max CAD), lithium metasilicate (Celtra Duo), and lithium alumina silicate ceramic (n!ce) in translucency levels HT and LT. All specimens were bonded with an RCC (Light+/Warm+). Color was analyzed (spectrophotometer) initially as well as after bonding of RCC with CAD/CAM ceramics using CIELab and CIEDE2000. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-way ANOVA and t test served for analyzing (α = 0.05). Results: Highest impact on ΔE presented the choice of ceramic (η p 2 = 0.155/ p < 0.001), followed by translucency level (HT/LT; η p 2 = 0.050/p = 0.001) as well as interaction between ceramic and translucency level (η p 2 = 0.175/p < 0.001). ΔE00 was mainly influenced by the choice of ceramic (η p 2 = 0.490/p < 0.001), the shade of resin composite (η p 2 = 0.031/p = 0.012) as well as the interaction between ceramic and resin composite (η p 2 = 0.258/p < 0.001). Conclusions: RCC shades presented differential impacts on color change of CAD/CAM ceramics. Clinical significance: Knowledge of the impact of available RCC shades on different CAD/CAM ceramics is crucial for an esthetic outcome and proper selection of ceramic restorations.
Meandros Medical and Dental Journal
Objective: Ceramic glazing and polishing are important for patient satisfaction and long-term clinical success. Till date, no study has compared color changes after glazing procedures between conventional and more recently introduced ceramics. In this study; we investigated the effects of glazing procedures on the color stability of conventional and CAD/CAM hybrid ceramics using a spectrophotometer. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four disc-shaped specimens were fabricated with seven different dental porcelain materials according to the manufacturers' instructions
Impact of Finishing Protocols on Color Stability of CAD/CAM Ceramics: A Systematic Review
The International journal of prosthodontics, 2021
PURPOSE To analyze the current evidence on the impact of surface finishing protocols (such as manual polishing or glazing) on the color stability of in vitro simulated pigmentation of CAD/CAM ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five electronic databases were searched on February 12, 2020. In vitro experimental studies were included based on the following strategy: intervention = surface treatment of CAD/CAM ceramics with glazing agents; comparison = surface treatment of CAD/CAM ceramics with manual polishing; and outcomes = color stability. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias. RESULTS Among 1,390 articles that were screened, 6 in vitro studies were considered for qualitative analysis. Five articles confirmed changes in the color of ceramics when they were immersed in pigmented solutions. One article investigated the color stability of the samples via ultraviolet (UV) aging. Among the 6 studies analyzed, 4 showed clinically acceptable color alteration values represented...
The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics, 2014
PURPOSE. Surface color is one of the main criteria to obtain an ideal esthetic. Many factors such as the type of the material, surface specifications, number of firings, firing temperature and thickness of the porcelain are all important to provide an unchanged surface color in dental ceramics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the color changes in dental ceramics according to the material type and glazing methods, during the multiple firings. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three different types of dental ceramics (IPS Classical metal ceramic, Empress Esthetic and Empress 2 ceramics) were used in the study. Porcelains were evaluated under five main groups according to glaze and natural glaze methods. Color changes (ΔE) and changes in color parameters (ΔL, Δa, Δb) were determined using colorimeter during the control, the first, third, fifth, and seventh firings. The statistical analysis of the results was performed using ANOVA and Tukey test. RESULTS. The color changes which occurred upon material-method-firing interaction were statistically significant (P<.05). ΔE, ΔL, Δa and Δb values also demonstrated a negative trend. The MC-G group was less affected in terms of color changes compared to other groups. In all-ceramic specimens, the surface color was significantly affected by multiple firings. CONCLUSION. Firing detrimentally affected the structure of the porcelain surface and hence caused fading of the color and prominence of yellow and red characters. Compressible all-ceramics were remarkably affected by repeated firings due to their crystalline structure.
Egyptian Dental Journal
Objective: The purpose of this in-Vitro study was to assess the effect of two different bleaching techniques and topical fluoride application on the color and surface roughness of two types of CAD/CAM dental ceramics. Materials and methods: In this study 40 discs of two types of CAD/CAM dental ceramics were used {Lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) (Group E) and Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (Vita Suprinity) (Group S)}. Baseline measurements for color and surface roughness (Ra) were taken using spectrophotometer and Atomic Force Microscope respectively. The specimens of each ceramic material were randomly divided into two subgroups (n=10) according to the bleaching agent used: a photo-activated Zoom bleaching agent (Z) and a chemically-activated Opalescence Boost 40% agent (O). Two measurements of color and surface roughness were done: immediately after bleaching application (Immediate I) and after one week from the last bleaching session (Delayed D). Then each specimen from each ceramic material was exposed to Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) application and final measurements of color and surface roughness values were done. The obtained data were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: The results showed that, bleaching had a statistically significant effect on mean color change ∆E of the tested ceramic materials in all tested conditions (I, D &F). No significant difference on mean ∆E of the two ceramic materials. The Opalescence Boost 40% showed higher statistically significant difference in color parameters than the Zoom agent. Vita Suprinity showed higher statistical significant difference in color parameters than E.max CAD. Moreover, ceramic type and bleaching agents had a statistically significant effect on mean Ra. In immediate bleaching, the Vita Suprinity bleached with Zoom gel (SZ) showed the highest mean Ra value while in delayed bleaching and after fluoride treatments, E.max CAD bleached with Opalescence agent (EO) showed the highest mean Ra value. After fluoride treatment, the mean Ra of the tested ceramic materials demonstrated higher values than bleaching only. In addition, there was a positive correlation between color parameters and surface roughness.
Egyptian Dental Journal, 2022
Purpose: To assess the effect of staining solutions on color and translucency change of different monolithic CAD-CAM ceramic materials. Materials and methods: Sixty-six rectangular-shaped specimens were milled from different CAD-CAM ceramic materials with a precision saw and divided into 3 groups (n = 22): ZLS group, zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate; ZR group, 4 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (4Y-TZP); and LD group, lithium disilicate glass-ceramic. Each one was subdivided into 2 subgroups (n = 11) according to the assigned staining solution used (coffee and distilled water). Rotating silicon carbide paper was sequentially used for wet polishing of all specimens. The specimens' color and translucency parameter (TP) were evaluated using a reflective spectrophotometer at baseline and after staining procedures. Changes in color (ΔE) and translucency parameter (ΔTP) were calculated. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used if ANOVA showed a significant p-value (p < 0.05). Results: Staining solutions had a significant impact on the color change (ΔE) and the translucency parameter change (ΔTP) of all tested specimens. Coffee had the most significant effect on ΔE where the LD group recorded the largest ΔE (13.07 ±1.49) and the ZLS group showed the smallest ΔE (5.21 ±1.37). Also, coffee had the most significant effect on ΔTP where the ZR group recorded the largest ΔTP (3.3 ±0.07) and LD group recorded the smallest ΔTP (-0.5 ±0.2). Conclusions: Color and translucency parameters of tested CAD-CAM ceramic materials were significantly influenced by staining solutions. The ZLS group showed significantly least color change than the ZR and LD groups. The ZLS group showed significantly highest translucency parameter initially (baseline) and after staining procedures than the ZR and LD groups while the LD group revealed significantly least translucency change than the ZR and ZLS groups.
Surface Morphology Changes of Bleached Dental Ceramics
Applied Sciences
Tooth whitening is one of the most conservative procedures for increasing the aesthetics of patients, but the effect of bleaching on ceramic restorations has not been extensively studied. In this study, the bleaching effect on three dental restoration materials (polished/glazed lithium disilicate glass ceramic, leucite reinforced glass ceramic and zirconium dioxide ceramic) has been investigated in terms of surface roughness changes of the exposed samples. Philips Zoom NiteWhite 16% carbamide peroxide, Philips Zoom 6% hydrogen peroxide with following LED illumination and Pola Office 6% hydrogen peroxide have been used for ceramic bleaching. The experimental investigation and performed statistical analysis revealed that the highest surface roughness changes of all investigated ceramics were caused by the hydrogen peroxide and the lowest by carbamide peroxide. These findings correlated well with the colour changes observed in the same bleached dental ceramic samples indicating potenti...
The Effect of a Bleaching System on Properties Related to Different Ceramic Surface Textures
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2009
Purpose: This study examined the effect of a manufacturer's proposed bleaching protocol on surface properties of a low-fusing ceramic. Materials and Methods: Forty ultra low-fusing ceramic samples (Ducera LFC) were constructed for this study. Half the discs were autoglazed, and the other half were overglazed. The two main groups (autoglaze, overglaze) were further divided into subgroups of four. Group I: autoglazed (control group I), bleached autoglaze, diamond polished, diamond polished and bleached. The same division was applied to Group II: overglazed (control group II), bleached overglazed, diamond polished, diamond polished and bleached. The total number of subgroups was eight. Control groups I and II (n = 10) were both immersed in distilled water, which was changed daily for 1 week. The other six subgroups (n = 30) were subjected to the following protocol: 2-hour bleaching using carbamide peroxide 35%, followed by six 8-hour bleaching applications using 15% carbamide peroxide gel. Every two bleaching procedures were interrupted by a 10-hour fluoride gel application. At the end of each bleaching step, the treated specimens were washed under running water in readiness for the next application. Results: Bleaching did not significantly affect the surface roughness of the autoglazed group; however, it significantly increased the roughness of the overglazed ceramic, especially after polishing. Regarding whiteness, the overglazed group had significantly increased values compared to the autoglazed group. It appeared that bleaching whitened the overglazed specimens significantly, whereas polishing alone showed less whiteness. There appeared to be a strong inverse relation between the roughness and the whiteness of the autoglazed specimens as affected by the bleaching. On the other hand, a weak inverse relation was found between the roughness and whiteness of the overglazed specimens, as affected by the bleaching. Conclusions: In-office bleaching with 35% carbamide peroxide, followed by home bleaching with 15% carbamide peroxide and a fluoride gel may affect the roughness and whiteness of overglazed and polished/overglazed Duceram LFC restorations. No significant change in roughness or whiteness was detected by this bleaching system on autoglazed Ducera LFC. Ceramic restorations should be protected before any bleaching for fear of altering their roughness and whiteness. Patients should be advised that their existing porcelain restorations may not match their natural teeth after bleaching.
Color Variation Between Matched and Fabricated Shades of Different Ceramics
Journal of Prosthodontics, 2013
Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the total color difference ( E) between natural teeth and fabricated crowns from three ceramic systems with different thicknesses. Materials and Methods: The color of ninety maxillary central incisors was measured from the middle third of the labial surface with a Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer. All-ceramic crown preparations with different thicknesses (0.8, 1.2, 1.5 mm) were done on selected teeth (n = 30). Prepared teeth were randomly divided into three equal groups to fabricate ceramic crowns from three ceramic systems, Duceram LFC (DLFC), In-Ceram SPINELL (ICS), and IPS Empress (IPSE). Colors of cemented crowns were measured and compared with their corresponding measurements before preparations. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA at 5% significance level. Results: A significant difference of E was detected between natural teeth and different thicknesses of crowns constructed from the all-ceramic materials investigated. Comparing the three materials at 0.8 mm thickness revealed that the lowest E was recorded for DLFC, which was significantly different from the other ceramic systems while IPSE showed the highest E. At higher thicknesses there was no difference between natural tooth shade and crowns constructed from different ceramic materials. Conclusions: Reinforcement of ceramics by alumina for In-Ceram and leucite for Empress decreases color production. Level of acceptance between the different ceramic materials and thicknesses varied. DLFC showed the highest color matching at all thicknesses followed by ICS and IPSE in descending order. In general, increasing the thickness of fabricated crowns enhances color match.