The effect of training interventions of stigma associated with mental illness on family caregivers: a quasi-experimental study (original) (raw)
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Psychiatric treatment as anti-stigma intervention: Objective assessment of stigma by families
International Journal of Medicine and Public Health, 2014
Background: Stigma related to mental illness is linked with suicide, violence, and lack of self-care, and thus should be treated as a clinical condition. For effective intervention, objective information about the impact of stigma is required in order to offer the best client-centered care. Objective: The present study seeks to answer the question of how stigma and discrimination are perceived to be experienced by their patient family members, to determine factors helpful for development of antistigma intervention programs. Materials and Methods: Three hundred family members of patients with schizophrenia provided their perceptions on aspects of stigma including anti-stigma interventions. There were two types of intervention strategies suggested (1) clinical measures and (2) public health measures. The predominant strategy was clinical measures which encompassed areas of availability of treatment, complete treatment, relapse prevention, and early intervention. Results: Furthermore, caregivers' emotional involvement (64.8%) in treatment was seen as an important measure to reduce stigma. No social and public awareness is going to bring change in patients' lives if stigma is not addressed at an individual level in a client-centric manner. Conclusion: The responses of patient relatives clearly bring out this opinion when they suggest potential treatment components as intervention measures.
2020
Background and objectives Family caregivers play a curial role in supporting and caring for their mentally ill relatives. Their struggle for facing stigma and shouldering caregiving burden is marginalized, undervalued, and invisible to medical services. This study assessed the stigma and burden of mental illnesses, and their correlates among family caregivers of mentally ill patients. Methods A cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 425 main family caregivers of mentally ill patients at Assiut University Hospital. A structured interview questionnaire was designed to collect socio-demographic data of both patients and their caregivers. Stigma scale for caregivers of people with mental illness (CPMI) was used to assess the affiliate stigma, while the associative stigma was assessed by the explanatory model interview catalogue stigma scale (EMIC-Stigma scale). The caregivers’ burden was assessed using Zarit burden Interview, and Modified Attitude toward Mental Illne...
STIGMA AND HELP-SEEKING BEHAVIOUR AMONG FAMILY CAREGIVERS OF PERSONS WITH SEVERE MENTAL ILLNESS
Background: Comparatively, physical health problems are emphasised more than mental illness regarding attention, proper care and treatment because the symptoms and prognosis are more visible and immediate than mental health problems. The behavioural disturbances and poor realisation about the illness during the symptomatic period of a person with mentally ill can be a reason for stigma. Thus, there is a high chance of avoiding treatment and help-seeking behaviour due to the same concerns because of perceived stigma. Aim: To explore the relationship between stigma and help-seeking behaviour of family caregivers of persons living with severe mental illness. Methods: The study was descriptive and cross-sectional. Eighty-seven respondents were taken as the sample through a simple consecutive sampling method. The data was collected through the Stigma Scale for Caregivers of Person with Mental Illness (CPMI) and a questionnaire on Help-seeking Behaviour. Statistics procedures used: frequency distribution, mean, median and standard deviations and inferential statistics like the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Most respondents were female (65.5%), and patients were male (52.9%). The mean age of onset of illness in this study was 29. 23, and the patients' current mean age was 41.72. Most of them were from a rural background and belonged to the Below Poverty Line category living in a nuclear type of family. Predominant diagnoses were schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The median score on the CPMI scale was 53, which revealed that caregivers have a moderate level of stigma. There is a significant relationship found between the stigma and following variables such as source of information, delay, changing doctor and treatment, regularity in treatment, and relapse pattern. Conclusion: Clinicians have to spend time for helping the persons and families to deal with stigma associated with mental illness for ensuring early interventions and continuity of care.
Consequences of Stigma in the Life of People with Mental Disorders: A Qualitative Research
Background: The stigma of mental disorder has destructive impacts on emotions, feelings, personal relationships, parenting, education, occupation, and house management of people with mental disorders. Understanding and awareness of the stigma consequences are important for the establishment and development of constructive relationships with people suffering from mental disorders as well as their care and treatment. This qualitative research aimed to explain the attitudes of people with mental disorder, the treatment team, and the patients’ families towards the consequences of stigma in the life of people with mental disorder. Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and content analysis method. Sixteen people (patients with mental disorder, their family members, psychiatrist, psychiatric nurse, social worker, legal expert) were selected from 3 psychiatric centers in Tehran by using targeted sampling method and were interviewed using semi-structured interviews until the data were saturated. Results: Content analysis of the interviews showed that people with mental disorder experience the consequences of stigma as fear of stigma, self-blame, searching for a cause for the disorder, denial, avoiding psychiatric treatment, rejection, discrimination, and relapse. Conclusion: The findings of this research can help the psychiatric team to make effective and targeted treatment decisions. Performing interventions to reduce stigma of mental disorder in society seems to be necessary.
Stigma and mental health- caregivers’ perspective: A qualitative analysis
Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 2016
Background The main caregivers of the mentally ill person are the family members 1-3 in most of the eastern part of the world. More than nine out of ten mentally ill persons live with their families in our country. 2 There is growing attention given to the caregivers who have been associated with the mental health services over the past 10 years. 4,1 Caregivers play various roles in everyday care of the mentally ill person, e.g. monitoring their mental state and treatment, accompanying them to the hospital or clinic, offering emotional support, helping them economically, etc. 2,5 Caregivers also play a very important role in adherence to the treatment. 1 Furthermore, caregivers have to tolerate the behavioural swings of the patient, including aggressiveness. 1,2 Care giving along with other routine activities makes the caregiver experience negative and some of them consequently lead to substantive stress or burden, 1,2,4 while others get adjusted to it. 1,4 The needs of the caregivers often are the same or prevail over the needs of the mentally ill 1 and sometimes have an effect on their quality of life. 6 The caregiver burden is found all over the world and almost eight out of ten caregivers face it when providing care to the mentally ill person as the illness is challenging and chronic in nature. The constant stress or burden has a negative effect on physical, psychological and social health of the caregivers, 2-5 c l i n i c a l e p i d e m i o l o g y a n d g l o b a l h e a l t h 4 (2 0 1 6) 2 3-2 7 a r t i c l e i n f o Article history:
The International journal of social psychiatry, 2017
Stigma is very common among caregivers of patients with severe mental disorder; however, there is lack of national level data from India. To assess affiliate stigma and its correlates among caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders. For this, caregivers of patients with schizophrenia ( N = 707), bipolar disorder ( N = 344) and recurrent depressive disorder ( N = 352) were assessed on Stigma scale for Caregivers of People with Mental Illness and General Health Questionnaire. Caregivers of patients with schizophrenia reported significantly higher stigma than patients with bipolar disorder and recurrent depressive disorder. Caregiver of patients with bipolar disorder reported significantly greater stigma than the caregivers of patients with recurrent depressive disorder. Higher caregiver stigma in all the diagnostic groups was associated with higher psychological morbidity in caregivers. Higher stigma in caregivers of schizophrenia was seen when the patient had younger age of...
Stigma and Quality Of Life among Caregivers of Mentally Ill Patients: Family and Nursing Staff
Mentally ill patients' family caregivers and nursing staff play an important role in treatment and recovery of patients,however, they may experience stigma and discrimination simply because of their family relationships and the nature of their work as a psychiatric nurse which may seriously affect their quality of life. Theaim of this study was to assess the stigma and quality of life among caregivers of mentally ill patients from both families and nursing staff .The present study was conducted at AlAbassia Mental Health Hospital. A convenient sample of (200) mentally ill patient family caregivers, who attended "Outpatient Clinics'' of the Al Abassia Mental Health Hospital and 100 nurses who are working in ''Outpatient Clinics'' and'' Inpatient Departments'' at the Al Abassia Mental Health Hospital were recruited for this study. Adescriptive correlational design was used in the current study. Five research tools were used including demographic data,modified consumer experiences of stigma questionnaire,nursing staff stigma scale, and quality of life scale. The current study results revealed that,most of family caregivers and nursing staff had high levels of stigma, and both of them had average level of quality of life. Also, it revealed that, there was a significant relationship between stigma and quality of life for both family caregivers and nursing staff. The conclusion of the current study was that mental illness can equally affect family caregivers and nursing staff causing them to suffer from high level of stigma and affect their quality of life. The study recommended that, intervention programs should be held to help family caregivers and nursing staff to cope with their caregiving role.
A critical synthesis of interventions to reduce stigma attached to mental illness
Health SA Gesondheid, 2014
Background: Interventions have been developed and implemented to reduce the stigma attached to mental illness. However, mental healthcare users are still stigmatised. Objective: The objective of this study was to critically synthesise the best available evidence regarding interventions to reduce stigma attached to mental illness. Method: An exploratory and descriptive research design was followed to identify primary studies; systematic review identifid primary studies answering this research question: What best evidence is available regarding interventions to reduce the stigma attached to mental illness? A search was done on selected electronic databases. Seventeen studies (n = 17) were identifid as providing evidence that answered the research question. The following instruments were used: Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice research evidence appraisal tool and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Evidence Analysis Manual. The study was submitted to the Post-graduate Education and Research Committee of the School of Nursing Science at Potchefstroom Campus of North-West University for approval. Results: Results indicated some interventions that reduce the stigma attached to mental illness, such as web-based approaches, printed educational materials, documentary and antistigma fims, as well as live and video performances. Conclusions: Humanising interventions seems to have a positive effect on reducing stigma attached to mental illness. From the results and conclusions recommendations were formulated for nursing practice, nursing education and research.