Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education in the Philippines (original) (raw)

International Higher Education

https://doi.org/10.6017/IHE.2018.94.10523

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Abstract

The Philippines has recently introduced a subsidy for tuition fees to enable universal access to higher education. There has been a heated debate about the Act’s sustainability and its implications for equity. We examine these issues and argue that, despite concerns, this move is a strategic long-term investment for the country.

Higher Education in the Philippines: Prospects & Challenges

Higher Education in Southeast Asia & Beyond: State of the Region, 2021

Roger Y. Chao, Jr and Lorraine Pe Symaco envisage Philippine higher education in the next few decades to be increasingly benchmarked internationally — initially within ASEAN standards but eventually with global standards — with an increasing number of joint programmes and transnational programmes offered and delivered by Philippine higher education institutions.

Higher Education Policy in the Philippines and ASEAN Integration

Higher Education Policy in the Philippines and ASEAN Integration, 2019

Vietnam) and is an integrated sociocultural, economic, and political community established in 1967. There are more than 6,500 higher education institutions (HEIs) and about 12 million students in ASEAN. One area of the association's vision for 2020 highlights economic development through education. This vision is meant to be operationalized through research cooperation, credit transfers, student mobility, and degree recognition. Higher Education Policy in the Philippines and ASEAN Integration: Demands and Challenges by Adeyemo applies the lens of globalization to analyze ASEAN higher education integration policy. The publication evaluates the Philippines' higher education policies and policy implementation in the context of political symbolism that shows the distance between policy ideas and practical outcomes. The author provides an insightful and comprehensive understanding of the Philippines' higher education system. He also suggests approaches to improve the country's educational outcomes. Readers may extend their knowledge about educational policy implications and challenges the Philippines faces in balancing the nation's human resources needs and the region's integration policy.

Beyond Financial Aid: Navigating the Academic Ascent of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program and Tertiary Education Subsidy Beneficiaries

Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2023

This research explores the experiences of college students benefiting from the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P's) and the Tertiary Education Subsidy (TES) in the Philippines, two government initiatives designed to support impoverished households and disadvantaged students. Through in-depth interviews, the study examines the beneficiaries' experiences, challenges, and coping and budgeting strategies. The research identifies four central themes: the importance of financial security, especially in covering tuition fees; the aspiration to excel in education, fostering optimism and practicality; a prevailing sense of pragmatic optimism in informed spending decisions; and the ability of beneficiaries to effectively prioritize expenditures. These findings have broader implications, potentially guiding policy improvements for the 4P's and TES programs to enhance their effectiveness. Additionally, they may motivate college students to persevere in their academic pursuits and inspire them to achieve their educational goals.

Neoliberal Globalization in the Philippines: Its Effects on Higher Education and the country’s attempt to Shift to a Global Education System and to a More Knowledge-Based Economy

In the Philippines, an aspect of improving the existing educational system is through adding topics or fields of study that concern other countries' welfare, cultural influences, political systems, and many more. Education in developing countries is much more complicated than in developed and industrialized countries. Developing countries, such as the Philippines, are lacking a strong educational framework for their citizens. The existing educational framework of the Philippines is highly patterned from the frameworks of industrialized countries, so it could cope with globalization. However, higher education institutions in the Philippines are slowly becoming diploma-mill institutions and are lagging behind global competency standards. Commission on Higher Education is becoming incompetent and inefficient in monitoring and regulating the rising number of Philippine colleges and universities, as well as the graduates. This paper seeks to analyze the strength and flexibility of the Philippine higher educational system (together with the institutions, and the teaching and student population), the adverse effects of neoliberalism and globalization on the Philippine higher educational system, how higher education can be made more accessible to Filipino students, and how the manipulation of higher education affects the pursuit of neoliberal globalization and efficiency of Philippine economy.

Counting the cost : financing Asian higher education for inclusive growth

2012

viii COUNTING THE COST economic imperative. Furthermore, if higher education is developed not merely for producing highly skilled labor, but also for innovation, how ought such benefits to be distributed? What are the costs of inequity? Faced with such challenges, the publication concludes with a set of operational recommendations to effect change. The publication draws on study material prepared by Anthony R. Welch. Stephen Banta provided editorial advice. Dorothy Geronimo coordinated the typesetting and publication process. Imelda Marquez provided administrative support. Many thanks to all for their contributions. Jouko Sarvi Practice Leader (Education Sector) Regional and Sustainable Development Department Asian Development Bank 2 COUNTING THE COST Bank (ADB) (2010a) and other agencies, now matched by policy statements by national leaders in parts of Asia (Hu 2010), is further recognition of the importance of linking equity to efficiency: …increases in the absolute gaps between the rich and poor, and very visible changes in the consumption patterns and lifestyles of the rich, are leading to a perceptible increase in social and political tensions, undermining social cohesiveness. … Persistent and growing inequalities in access to social services such as education and health, exacerbated by income inequalities, are … a significant concern for developing Asia (Ali and Zhuang 2007:4-5). The failure to make progress on inclusive growth is not merely inequitable and inefficient, but risks one of three outcomes: • the stalling of reforms, resulting in lower growth and higher inequalities; • rising absolute gaps in income and consumption between the poorest and richest quintiles, which could trigger social and political tensions; or • in extreme forms, armed conflict (Ali and Zhuang 2007:9). Given also that education, and higher education in particular, is a potent means to lift people from poverty (Luo and Zhu 2008) it is thus critical to link finance to equity in higher education.

Behind Socialized Tuition System Scheme: Case for University of the Philippines

The STS (reformed STFAP) is a program, in the University of the Philippines, for poor students to avail education with special discounts according to their household income and also a form of privatizing and democratizing UP education which instead of helping students alleviate their tuition fees, it gradually increases because of the rationalization and deregulation at the expense of quality education, thus, STS must be abolished and the state must allocate more budget for higher education to sustain its finance scheme and have a fix maximum school fees.

Utilization of the Ched-Unifast’s Tertiary Education Subsidy by the Students of a State University, Philippines

Liceo journal of higher education research, 2019

Republic Act No. 10931 intends to provide all Filipinos with an equal opportunity to quality tertiary education as to ensure the optimized utilization of government resources in education. This study investigated how the state university students utilized the 28,000 grant, and how it directly helped their education. Data was collected during the second semester of 2018-2019. In sample size 336 students, 77% have a family income of 10,000 and below. The items purchased by students in decreasing order were: 21% cellphone, 20% laptop, 20% boarding house fee, 19% food/groceries, and 13% clothes/shoes. Only 16% of the respondents had bank accounts, 88% sent money to parents, while 10% did not inform parents. The students gave priority to products they found helpful to their studies but were not affordable without subsidy. It is therefore concluded that the top five items are considered to be the basic needs of a student to tackle college degrees in Philippine state universities; subsid...

Higher education policy in the Philippines: quality and quality assurance for socioeconomic development?

Research Handbook on Quality, Performance and Accountability in Higher Education

In the European and Bologna process documents the main aim of higher education (HE) is the creation of an advanced, competitive and economically strong Europe. Educated people who are able to create personal and career professional success are especially important for seeking this aim. Liberal education is widely understood as intellectual and cognitive formation, therefore it is an essential condition to ensure the development of educated and successful individuals. But the base of liberal education development is the policy of quality assurance (QA) in the HE which at the same time is a priority and a source of trust for European HE. The empirical results of this research shows that problems of policy of the HE QA in Lithuania are related to the lack of focus on successfulness of the personal life and motivational incentives for students, focus on development of the general and entrepreneurial competences, ambition of the state to control students' flows, lack of rational and systematic planning of the state and problems concerned forecasting of changes in the labour market, and different perception of the concept of quality by stakeholders. The fact that there are problems and shortcomings in the field of policy of HE QA, there is a lack of research involving liberal education in conjunction with the HE QA-poses a risk for liberal education development and for the creation of an advanced competitive and economically strong Europe.

The cost efficiency of state universities and colleges in the Philippines

The Philippine Review of Economics, 2013

As part of its effort to combat poverty and improve the country’s competitiveness through education, the Philippine government grants scholarships to hundreds of thousands of students coursed through subsidized state universities and colleges, which today number 110 all over the archipelago. The effectiveness with which these institutions use taxpayers’ money is under constant public scrutiny. We explore the cost efficiency of SUCs, taking into consideration their ability to produce graduates and board passers given the budget allocation they receive annually, for the period 2006–2010. Universities are analysed separately from colleges owing to the inherent differences in their operative structures. State universities are found to be more cost efficient than state colleges, a fact attributable in part to their larger scale and scope of operation. Calculations show that state universities are characterized by economies of scale and scope, while state colleges are not. This has significant implications for their educational function.

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Higher Education Policy in the Philippines : An Analysis

2015

This paper examined the Philippine higher education (HE) system focusing on the Long-Term Higher Education Development Plan (LTHEDP) implemented from 2001 to 2010. The LTHEDP 2001-2010 seeks to address the perennial problems of HE. The Plan also seeks to prepare the Philippines in embracing developmental opportunities for the twenty-first century such as globalization, information and communication technology, and the changing avenues for a knowledge-based economy. Within the LTHEDP Plan, the Philippine government implemented a policy of resource rationalization for the government-funded state universities and colleges (SUCs). The resource rationalization policy aims to limit the obligation of the government in financing higher education institutions (HEIs). Review and analysis of the present HE system reveals that the annual expenditure of the Philippine government in HE is not enough. As compared to other countries in Asia, the Philippines allocates a small percentage of funds for...

Free Education in the Philippines: The Continuing Saga

One of the most notable milestones in the Philippine education is when the government actively seeks to expand access and participation in higher education through the ratification of RA 10931 or the "Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act". Thus, this study aims to examine and assess the effects of the law in our educational system. Providing sufficient funds is not enough; the government must give meaning to the title of the new law, which is the provision of "quality" tertiary education. This program is an investment in the nation's most precious resource. Quality education empowers people and levels the playing field; it is one of the best tools for poverty alleviation, social equity and inclusive growth. There should be no compromise on the quality of the services provided under RA 10931. Free must not mean substandard. In this study, the researcher used qualitative research method. Qualitative research method was developed in the social sciences to enable researchers to study social and cultural phenomena: observe feelings, thoughts, behaviors and the belief of the mass society.

An Analysis of the Socio-Economic Profi le of Selected Students and the Cost of Degree Programs at the Philippine Normal University: Basis for Tuition Fee Policy Review

The Philippine higher education sector is not immune to the fi scal pressure plaguing the entire public sector as a whole. So, fi nding other sources of funding is imperative for the survival of the State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) and for ensuring the delivery of quality education. The study sought to gather relevant data and other information that policy-makers and the management of PNU (Philippine Normal University) can utilize in examining the effi ciency and sustainability of the existing tuition policy of the university. The study focused on the three important determinants of tuition fee rates: (1) the cost of degree programs being off ered by PNU; (2) the ability to pay of its students; and (3) the eff ect of the infl ation rate on the real value of the tuition fee rate of the university. Also, a comparative analysis of the tuition fee rates of other Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in off ering teacher education was done to compliment more insights to policy-makers and the management of the university. The fi ndings are pointing to a need for the university to revisit its views and policy on the tuition fee and start the dialogue among its stakeholders addressing the issue.

At all costs: educational expansion and persistent inequality in the Philippines

Higher Education

This paper studies educational inequality in the Philippines from 1950 to 2015, examining changes in the association between social origin and educational attainment against a backdrop of educational expansions and fluctuating economic conditions. Using data from the World Bank STEP Skills Survey, the study employs a sequential logit model to illustrate trends in secondary and college completion, followed by a multinomial logit model to look into differences in college destinations (type and status) between advantaged and disadvantaged students. The findings indicate that despite sustained expansions in the past six decades, disparities in secondary and tertiary completion deepened in relation to social background. The paper also finds that although expansions occurred mainly in public higher education institutions, it did little to alter the trends in college destinations, with advantaged students still more likely to complete in “high-status” universities than disadvantaged ones. ...

Toward greater access and impact: Directions for a sociological understanding of Philippine higher education

Industry and Higher Education, 2020

In the Philippines and many other developing countries higher education has a special function, not only with regard to educating students for jobs but also with regard to partnerships for industry growth, research for national development and the formation of critical leaders in society. However, these aims are impeded by issues of access and the unclear impact of higher education and society on each other. In this conceptual study, the authors highlight four directions for a sociological analysis of Philippine higher education: students' access to higher education, its organization and whether it promotes or impedes access, institutions' responses to social, economic and technological changes, and their active influence on society. By reviewing and organizing different frameworks and empirical studies, the authors suggest ways of understanding higher education in the Philippines and how a sociological perspective can clarify postsecondary institutions' role in promoting access for students and having a greater impact on society. Having this sociological consciousness can help administrators, instructors, students and industry leaders to be aware of how higher education in developing contexts can be leveraged for societal development.

Providing Equity of Access to Higher Education in Indonesia: A Policy Evaluation

Indonesian Journal on Learning and Advanced Education (IJOLAE), 2020

In the last decade, Indonesia has worked towards expanding access to higher education, but the enrolment of the poor remains negligible with the majority of students in the country’s leading public universities still coming from Indonesia’s wealthiest echelons. Concerned with the issue of equity and access, the government has formulated a new policy calling on all higher education institutions to ensure at least 20% of their newly admitted students are of a low socioeconomic status (SES). The principal challenge the government has faced is a discrepancy between its ambitious political agenda and the policy’s implementation affected by inadequate budgeting, lacking implementation mechanisms, and limited award allocations. This challenge raises a question of whether the Equity and Access Policy can be effectively implemented and, if so, under what conditions can such success be achieved. We thus examine the country’s Equity and Access Policy, education system with its leadership struc...

Reform in the financing of higher education in Papua New Guinea

Higher Education - HIGHER EDUC, 1991

The particularities of history, culture, economy and politics of Papua New Guinea and similar Pacific island and other developing nations place strains upon the formulation and implementation of reform in the financing of higher education (and of education in general). There has been progress in reducing unit costs, with favourable implications for the rate-of-return that links higher educational costs and benefits. Funding constraints continue to elicit calls for reform of higher educational financing and for increased student contributions. Failure to communicate human capital analysis and policy implications for improving efficiency, access, and equity in higher education have hindered reform. The analysis focuses on policy implementation of reform in the financing of higher education in Papua New Guinea, and concludes in favour of a shift in financing away from institutions and toward students.

REDEFINING “QUALITY” IN PHILIPPINE HIGHER EDUCATION: POLICIES AND CHALLENGES

This paper analyzes the challenges to Philippine higher educational institutions by the education policy reforms implemented by the Philippine government. The primary aim of these policies is to enhance the quality of tertiary education align with competency-based standards, outcomebased education, and international standards. These policies set higher minimum standards and redefines "quality" by mandating tertiary educational institutions to shift to outcomes-based and student-centered teaching and learning, giving importance on faculty research and publication, requiring international accreditation of programs, and emphasizing community extension program that is relevant to the learning and development of students as well as social development of communities. As such, said policies posed great challenges to tertiary educational institutions in terms of instruction, research, community extension, and governance. The institutions' talents, resources and funding need to be calibrated in order to adapt to national and international changes.