Advancements in Plant and Microbe-Based Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Activity against Plant Pathogens (original) (raw)
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Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2021
Metal nanoparticles were being used in different processes of developmental sectors like agriculture, industry, medical and pharmaceuticals. Nano-biotechnology along with sustainable organic chemistry has immense potential to reproduce innovative and key components of the systems to support surrounding environment, human health, and industry sustainably. Different unconventional methods were being used in green chemistry to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles from various microbes. So, we reviewed different biological processes for green synthesis of metal nanoparticles. We also studied the mechanism of the synthesis process and procedures to characterize them. Some metallic nanoparticles have shown their potential to act as antimicrobial agent against plant pathogens. Here, we outlined green nanoparticles synthesized from microbes and highlighted their role against plant disease management.
The increasing attention being paid to metallic nano particles (MNPs) is due to their intensive applications in different areas of science such as medicine, chemistry, agriculture, and biotechnology. The main methods for nanoparticle production are chemical and physical approaches that are often costly and potentially harmful to the environment. Since the eco-friendly synthesis of NPs with different chemical compositions, sizes, shapes and controlled dispersity is an important aspect of nano biotechnology and green nanotechnology, biosynthesis of nanoparticles has been proposed as a cost-effective and environmental-friendly alternative to chemical and physical methods. Plants contain abundant natural compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins and other nutritional compounds. These natural products are derived from various parts of the plant such as leaves, stems, roots, shoots, flowers, barks, fruits and seeds. Since the plant extract contains various secondary metabolites, it acts as the reducing and stabilizing agent for the bioreduction reaction to synthesize the novel metallic nanoparticles. This approach has been actively pursued in recent years as an alternative, efficient, inexpensive, and environmentally safe method for producing nanoparticles with specified properties. The present review focuses on the synthesis of MNPs with particular emphasis on biological synthesis using plant extracts and most commonly proposed mechanisms regarding the antibacterial properties of nanoparticles. ABSTRAC T How to cite this article Sorbiun M, Shayegan Mehr E, Ramazani A, Mashhadi Malekzadeh A. Biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts and evaluation of their antibacterial properties. Nanochem Res, 2018; 3(1):1-16.
Nanoparticles for plant disease management
Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 2018
Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) (1-100 nm) that have demonstrated activity in suppressing plant diseases are metalloids, metallic oxides, nonmetals, and carbon nanomaterials. NPs have been integrated into disease management strategies as bactericides/fungicides and as nanofertilizers to enhance plant health. Although there are reports of over 18 different NPs of single element and carbon nanomaterials affecting disease and/or plant pathogens, only Ag, Cu, and Zn have received much attention thus far. Some NPs act directly as antimicrobial agents while others function more in altering the nutritional status of the host and thus activate defense mechanisms. For example, NPs of Ag and Cu can be directly toxic to microorganisms. Other NPs of B, Cu, Mn, Si, and Zn appear to function in host defense as fertilizers. As demand for food production increases against a warming climate, nanoparticles will play a role in mitigating the new challenges in disease management resulting in a reduction in active metals and other chemical inputs.
Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2020
The cornerstone of nanoscience and nanotechnology are nanoparticles which have immense power and functional ability in diverse fields. Nanoparticles are synthesized by physical, chemical methos but limitations are due to its toxicity. We have discussed few green synthesis routes which are eco friendly and less toxic methods, including alage, microorganisms, plants etc.. Expoiting the potential of medicinal plants, is one of the green synthesis routes and is significant because the current therapeutic approaches have toxicity problems and microbial multidrug resistance issues. As the metal nanoparticles have received great attention across the globe, so in this study we have discussed and focused many different metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis using medicinal plants. We have also discussed the types, size and medicinal properties like antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antiviral activities of nanoparticles. The biomolecules, secondary metabolites and coenzymes present in the plants help in easy reduction of metal ions to nanoparticles. Such nanoparticles are considered as potential antioxidants and promising candidates in cancer treatment. The simplified model summarises the green synthesis, its characterization using physicochemical means and their biomedical applications. Succinctly, we have discussed the recent advances in green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, milestones, therapeutic applications and future perspectives of biosynthesized nanoparticles from some important medicinal plants.
Journal of Fungi, 2021
The use of metal nanoparticles is considered a good alternative to control phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture. To date, numerous metal nanoparticles (e.g., Ag, Cu, Se, Ni, Mg, and Fe) have been synthesized and used as potential antifungal agents. Therefore, this proposal presents a critical and detailed review of the use of these nanoparticles to control phytopathogenic fungi. Ag nanoparticles have been the most investigated nanoparticles due to their good antifungal activities, followed by Cu nanoparticles. It was also found that other metal nanoparticles have been investigated as antifungal agents, such as Se, Ni, Mg, Pd, and Fe, showing prominent results. Different synthesis methods have been used to produce these nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes, which have shown outstanding antifungal activities. This review shows the success of the use of metal nanoparticles to control phytopathogenic fungi in agriculture.
Plants: Emerging as Green Source toward Biosynthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles and its Applications
This review focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using various plant sources. Nano biotechnology focus on the use of living organisms plants for engineering nanoparticles and its biomedical, pharmaceutical applications. Plants extracts provide rapid, cost effective and eco-friendly sources for fabrication of metallic nanoparticles. Green biological method of synthesizing nanoparticles has materialized as alternative to overcome the curb of conventional methods such as synthesized by several physical and chemical methods including chemical reduction of ions in aqueous solution with or without stabilizing agent and reduction in inverse micelles or thermal decomposition in organic solvents. Employing plants towards synthesis of nanoparticles has advantageous over non biological methods as with the presence of broad variability of bio-molecules in plants can act as capping and reducing agents and thus increases the rate of reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. Thus biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles of variable size and shape have broad potential applications in life and science. Keyword: Biosynthesized Nanoparticles, Green Source, Biofabrication, Ecofriendly, Applications
Coatings
The phytosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles represents an exciting new area of research, with promising perspectives, gaining in the last decades an increasing importance. Nanotechnology represents an important tool and an efficient option for obtaining particles with controlled morphology and shapes, phytosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs) being a good alternative to remove hazardous reagents. Due to the practical applications of the phytosynthesized nanoparticles, which are mainly associated with their antimicrobial potential, the abundance of scientific literature in this domain is given by researches in the phytosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles (3654 articles) and the evaluation of their antimicrobial properties (2338 papers). The application of phytosynthesized nanoparticles as antimicrobial coatings represented the subject of only 446 works, which lead us to the subject of this review paper. Application of antimicrobial coatings containing phytosynthesized nanoparticles for t...
Current developments in green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts: a review
Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) produced by green approaches have received global attention because of their physicochemical characteristics and their applications in the field of biotechnology. In recent years, the development of synthesizing NPs by plant extracts has become a major focus of researchers because of these NPs have low hazardous effect in the environment and low toxicity for the human body. Synthesized NPs from plants are not only more stable in terms of size and shape, also the yield of this method is higher than the other methods. Moreover, some of these MNPs have shown antimicrobial activity which is consistently confirmed in past few years. Plant extracts have been used as reducing agent and stabilizer of NPs in which we can reduce the toxicity in the environment as well as the human body only by not using chemical agents. Furthermore, the presence of some specific materials in plant extracts could be extremely helpful and effective for the human body; for instance, polyphenol, which may have antioxidant effects has the capability for capturing free radicals before they can react with other biomolecules and cause serious damages. In this article, we focused on of the most common plants which are regularly used to synthesize MNPs along with various methods for synthesizing MNPs from plant extracts.
Nanomaterials
Currently, metal nanoparticles have varied uses for different medical, pharmaceutical, and agricultural applications. Nanobiotechnology, combined with green chemistry, has great potential for the development of novel and necessary products that benefit human health, environment, and industries. Green chemistry has an important role due to its contribution to unconventional synthesis methods of gold and silver nanoparticles from plant extracts, which have exhibited antimicrobial potential, among other outstanding properties. Biodiversity-rich countries need to collect and convert knowledge from biological resources into processes, compounds, methods, and tools, which need to be achieved along with sustainable use and exploitation of biological diversity. Therefore, this paper describes the relevant reported green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles from plant extracts and their capacity as antimicrobial agents within the agricultural field for fighting against bacterial and fu...