Effects of Pesticide Temephos on the Liver of Aphanius dispar (Rüppell 1828)(Pisces: Cyprinodontidae): A Microscopic Study (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Oceanography and Aquaculture , 2024
In order to assess the acute toxicity of organophosphate pesticide (DD-force) on Clarias gariepinus, 180 fish of mean weight 18.23g and mean length of 11.45cm were divided into six groups of ten fish each. The range-finding tests of 0, 1.0mg, 1.2mg, 1.4mg, 1.6mg and 2.0mg of organophosphate pesticides (DD-force) per litre of water was used to determine the concentrations of the test solution for the definitive test (0, 0.10mg, 0.15mg, 0.20mg, 0.25mg and 0.30mg). The 96h LC50 value was found to be 0.171 mg/l with lower and upper confidence limit of 0.152 and 0.189 respectively. Water quality variables were within acceptable limits. Standard histological procedures were adopted in the assessment of the tissues. Fish exposed to different concentrations of DD-force showed general body weakness, hyperventilation, skin discoloration, loss of reflex, hyperactive, erratic swimming, which are behavioral changes. Histological alterations observed in the gill include congestion of secondary gill lamellae, hypertrophy, haemorrhages and lifting of the epithelia. Liver alterations include degeneration of hepatocytes, necrosis, severe vacuolar degeneration, congestion of central tubular and sinusoids. These results suggest that DD-force is toxic and have the disruptive effect on the tissues of fish.
2016
Sumithion is widely used in larval rearing aquaculture ponds to control aquatic insects. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of sumithion on hepatosomatic index and liver morphology in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Acute toxicity of sumithion (96 h LC50 value) was first determined and it was 8.05 ppm for common carp. The fish were exposed to two sub-lethal concentrations (0.85 and 1.7ppm) of sumithion for a period of 21 days. A control set was also run for the same time with the same number of fish without sumithion (0 ppm). There was a marked increase in the hepatosomatic index in both concentrations (0.85 and 1.70 ppm) compared to control (0 ppm). Several histological changes of liver, such as necrosis, patchy degeneration, degenerated hepatocytes, vaculation and blood spilling were observed after exposure to sumithion with dose and exposure time dependent manner. The present investigation revealed the toxic potentiality of sumithion on common carp which alters liver morphology that may lead metabolic changes in fish.
GIS Business, 2019
Pollution is now a day has become a threat to living beings. Pollutants in the form of pesticide inhabit a variety of environments which affect the normal vital activities of organisms living. They reach the aquatic environment as a washout from agriculture fields as well as from industrial areas. Pesticide contamination in water may accumulate in the bodies of animals and affect the vital organs which alter the usual activities. Cypermethrin is a synthetic pyrethrum insecticide used in agriculture to control pest in crops such as lettuce and cotton and household pest such as cockroach. To understand the toxic effect of pesticides, it creates a need for histopathological observation of tissues. Present work was carried to evaluate the toxic effect of cypermethrin (25% EC) in liver and gills of tilapia (O.mossambicus). The fish experimented to different sublethal concentration of 1/10th,1/20th and 1/30th level of LC50 (4.5 mg/l) value of cypermethrin for 30 days. Gill exhibited epith...
Deltamethrin is a broad spectrum synthetic pyrethroid pesticide. It is considered less toxic as compared to organo-chlorine and organo-phosphate pesticides. Deltamethrin was selected to study the biochemical and histological alterations in liver of silver carp. The LC50 1.6 µg/L was determined. Fish (n=6) were dividing into 4 groups A (control) B, C and D (experimental). Experimental groups B, C and D were exposed to 25%, 50% and 75% of LC50 respectively for acute exposure. The blood and liver tissue sampling was done after 96hrs for histology and biochemical analysis [alanine amino transferase (ALT), and aspartate amino-transferase (AST)]. Liver histology revealed that necrosis, nuclear pycnosis, hypertrophy of hepatocytes, vacuolization, nuclear atrophy and congestion of blood vessels were observed as compare to control group. This result was also supported by the significant increase in levels of hepatic enzymes AST and ALT in blood plasma of exposed fish as compared to control fish. These results suggested that deltamethrin is highly toxic for aquatic organism like silver carp causing malfunctioning of liver.
International Journal on Environmental Sciences, 2015
The present study explored the histopathological impacts of the pyrethroid pesticide cypermethrin on gills and trunk mesonephroi of guppy fish (45-day-old) juveniles. Five-day-old guppy larvae were exposed to 7x10-4 or 9.3x10-4 μ M/L of cypermethrin only once for 48-hours. Afterward, they were left to grow (in cypermethrin-free aquaria) until they reach 45-days-old. The juveniles were removed from the aquaria, anesthetized, dissected out and their gills and mesonephroi were processed for paraffin embedding, stained with haematoxylin and eosin, examined by light microscopy, photographed and described. The severity of the observed histopathological changes in gills and mesonephroi of cypermethrin-exposed juvenile's were concentration-dependent. In gills, the lesions were represented by hyperplasia of primary lamellae, shortening, fusion, epithelial lifting of the secondary lamellae; stasis; twisting of the primary lamella; leukocytes infiltration; rupture of the lamellar epithelium; focal proliferation of primary and secondary lamellar epithelial cells; hemorrhages; telangiectasia; hyperactivity of mucous cells and necrosis. In kidneys the histopathological changes included: glomerular damage, dilated capsular space, collapse of glomerular tuft, fluid accumulation and enlarged Bowman's space, dilatation of renal tubules, atrophy and pyknosis of renal epithelium, necrosis and excessive proliferation of the hematopoietic tissue.
2016
The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of sublethal concentrations of phorate on the histopathology of brain in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio (C. carpio). Fish were exposed to chronic sublethal toxicity (one-tenth of the LC50/96 hours 0.071 ppm/l) of phorate (CSTP) for one day, 7, 15 and 30 days and the chronic toxicity tests were carried out under laboratory conditions. On exposure for a period of one day to CSTP, necrosis of neurons, formation of minor vacuoles with degeneration of neural cells and distended sinusoids were observed in the brain of the fish. Significant hemorrhage was also noticed at some places. On exposure for a period of 7 days to CSTP, further structural damage, intracellular oedema and pycnotic nuclei were observed in the brain of the fish. After 15 days of exposure period there was an increase in necrosis of neurons, cytoplasmic vacuolization and lesions in the brain of the fish. After the exposure period of 30 days, reorganized neuronal tiss...