Proton pump inhibitors therapy and risk of Clostridium difficile infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis (original) (raw)
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Clostridium difficile infection and proton pump inhibitors
Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 2012
Purpose of review Clostridium difficile is an intestinal infection associated with antibiotic use, commonly seen in patients with chronic medical issues. The purpose of this review is to discuss the association of C. difficile-associated diarrhea with use of proton pump inhibitors. Recent findings Multiple medical factors predispose patients to C. difficile-associated diarrhea. Proton pump inhibitors, commonly used for gastric acid suppression, have been shown to have an association with C. difficileassociated diarrhea in both the outpatient and hospital setting. C. difficile-associated diarrhea also has been reported in the pediatric age range linked with proton pump inhibitor use. Summary An association exists between C. difficile infection and proton pump inhibitor use. Treatment options exist for C. difficile-associated diarrhea, although judicious use of proton pump inhibitors and antibiotics, emphasis on hand washing, and appropriate use of patient isolation should be implemented as well.
Proton pump inhibitors and risk for Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea
Increased incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) among in-patients is associated with significant increased mortality, morbidity, and stay in the hospitals. This has occurred despite heightened awareness of the risks of broad-spectrum antibiotics, overall reduction in antibiotic use and increased focus on hospital hygiene. So though the main risk factor for CDI is use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) as a novel potential contributor has been implicated, because of their ability to substantially reduce gastric acid secretion which is an important host defense mechanism in suppressing the ingested C. difficile or its spores. Antibiotic disruption of the normal intestinal flora and reduced gastric acidity have been suggested as the risk factors for C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). Based on such assumptions the use of PPIs may be associated with an increased risk of CDAD. While a definite association between PPI use and CDAD has not yet been confirmed, the possibility and such an association however cannot be ruled out at present. Thus among the identified risk factors, the use of PPI is important, previously unrecognized and modifiable risk factors whose use should be carefully evaluated among hospital in-patients receiving antibiotics, especially in those with a diagnosis of C. difficile diarrhea.
Risk of clostridium difficile infection with acid suppressing drugs and antibiotics: Meta-analysis
American Journal of Gastroenterology, 2012
Several studies have raised concern regarding the possible association between proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) and Clostridium diffi cile infection (CDI). We aimed to perform a systematic review of incident and recurrent CDI in PPI users, and to evaluate the relative impact of concurrent antibiotic use, or switching acid suppression to histamine-2-receptor antagonists (H2RAs).
Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2016
Background: Research showing an association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and Clostridium difficile infections has largely been undertaken in Europe and North America. Clostridium difficile strains vary by region and may influence risk estimates across regions. Aim: To determine the association between incident proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and Clostridium difficile infections across multiple countries Method: National data covering the total population in Australia and Korea, the Canadian population over 65 years and a 3 million person random sample data set from Taiwan were assessed, as were data from a worker insurance population and a hospital inpatient/ outpatient population in Japan. Sequence symmetry analysis was used to assess the association with oral vancomycin dispensing as the outcome of interest. Results: 54,957 patients were included. Positive associations were observed in Australia; adjusted
The American journal of gastroenterology, 2016
Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) frequently receive proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and have high rates of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). PPIs have been associated with CDI in hospitalized patients, but ICU patients differ fundamentally from non-ICU patients and few studies have focused on PPI use exclusively in the critical care setting. We performed a retrospective cohort study to determine the associations between PPIs and health-care facility-onset CDI in the ICU. We analyzed data from all adult ICU patients at three affiliated hospitals (14 ICUs) between 2010 and 2013. Patients were excluded if they had recent CDI or an ICU stay of <3 days. We parsed electronic medical records for ICU exposures, focusing on PPIs and other potentially modifiable exposures that occurred during ICU stays. Health-care facility-onset CDI in the ICU was defined as a newly positive PCR for the C. difficile toxin B gene from an unformed stool, with subsequent receipt of anti-CDI thera...