Blood profile and gut microbial load of broilers fed siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) leaf meal in their diets (original) (raw)
Related papers
Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2020
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Carica papaya (CP) and Chromolaena odorata (CO) on growth performance, blood profile, gut integrity of broiler chicken. In a 42-day study, 200 one-day old Arbor Acre broilers were weighed and randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments with 5 replicates having 8 birds in each group. The treatments were basal diet (negative control, NC), NC + 0.05% antibiotics (positive control, PC), NC + 3% CP, NC + 3% CO and NC + 1.5% CP + 1.5% CO in a completely randomised design. The growth performance indices were measured. On day 42, blood samples were collected, gut microbial population and histopathology were assayed following standard procedure. Results showed that average daily weight gain (g/bird/day) of birds on NC, PC and combination of 1.5% CP + 1.5% CO leaf meals were significantly similar at the finisher phase. The feed intake of birds on NC and PC was higher than those on 3% CO and combination of 1.5% CP + 1.5% CO leaf meals. The dietary treatment had effect on feed conversion ratio in the finisher phase. The highest total Lactobacillus count was observed in 3% CO leaf meal diet, while the antibiotics diet (PC) had the highest Escherichia coli count, and the lowest total Escherichia coli count (3.28 cfu x10 5) was recorded for birds on combination of 1.5% CP + 1.5% CO leaf meals. The histopathology of the gut shows that only those fed 3% CP had eroded villi of the mucosa layer, while all other treatments show normal mucosa layer, moderate inflammatory infiltration of the gland and lamina propia except those fed combinations of 1.5% CP + 1.5% CO. Conclusively, the combination of the leaf meals at 1.5% inclusion in broiler diet had positive effect on beneficial gut microbial population.
The Journal of Poultry Science
The effect of different levels of hogweed powder (HP; Heracleum persicum), flavophospholipol (antibiotic), and probiotics in diet on the performance, carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters, immunity, and intestinal flora of broiler chickens was investigated. In total, 270-day-old male broilers were randomly assigned to six treatment groups as follows: control basal-diet and diet supplemented with flavophospholipol, probiotics, or 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75% HP. Birds in each group were divided into three subgroups with 15 chicks each. Results indicated that the treatment groups did not vary with respect to feed intake (FI), whereas those supplemented with the antibiotic or 0.5% HP showed significantly higher body weight gain (BWG) and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR). Carcass characteristics did not vary among treatments, with the exception of abdominal fat percentage, which was the lowest in broilers fed 0.5% and 0.75% HP. Supplementation of 0.5% and 0.75% HP decreased plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, dietary HP significantly reduced serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels compared to that in the other groups. Antibody titers against Newcastle disease vaccine were not markedly affected by the treatments, whereas titers against avian influenza vaccine were significantly higher in probiotic-and 0.75% HP-supplemented groups. Antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and IgM and IgG levels were not significantly different among groups. The ileum Lactobacillus counts in broilers fed 0.5% or 0.75% HP were significantly higher than those in the other treatment groups, whereas Escherichia coli counts in all treatments were significantly lower than that in the control. Therefore, our observations indicated that HP positively affected the gut microbiota and enhanced feed digestion. In conclusion, supplementation of 0.500.75% HP in broiler diet during the entire rearing period improved BWG and decreased abdominal fat deposition.
EPC 2006 - 12th European Poultry Conference, Verona, Italy, 10-14 September, 2006., 2006
The study was conducted to determine whether dietary supplemental plant extracts could have the potential as alternative growth promoters to antibiotics. One hundred and five, 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in the experiment. The animals were allocated into seven dietary treatments groups in a complete randomized design. The groups were as follow: 1. Control (basal diet), 2. Antibiotic (basal diet + 10 mg flavomycin/kg diet), 3. Yucca schidigera (Basal diet + 120 mg Yucca schidigera extract/kg diet) 4. Oreganum vulgare (Basal diet + 120 mg Oreganum vulgare esanstial oil/kg diet), 5. Thymus vulgaris (Basal diet + 120 mg Thymus vulgaris esantial oil/kg diet), 6. Syzigium aromaticum (Basal diet + 120 mg Syzygium aromaticum esantial oil/kg diet), 7. Zingiber officinale (Basal diet + 120 mg Zingiber officinale essential oil/kg diet). Each group was fed ad libitum its own diet for a period of 42 days. The data were analyzed using GLM procedure of SAS (1987). Antibiotics or plant extract supplementation did not influence (P>0.05) body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency significantly; however, treatments groups achieved numerically higher performance values. The highest weigh gain was achieved with antibiotic or Z. officinale. The birds receiving Z. officinale also attained the highest carcass weight and abdominal fat weight. The results with respect to cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose showed that cholesterol concentration was not influenced (P>0.05) by dietary treatments, however, glucose concentration was elevated (P<0.05) by Z. officinale, while triglyceride concentration was increased (P<0.05) by Z. officinale and also S. aromaticum. Plant extracts used in the trials also affected weight and length of some part of digestive tract. Especially, supplementation of O. vulgare or Z. officinale or S. aromaticum reduced (P<0.05) total length of digestive tract but increased (P<0.05) weight of jejunum. The results also showed that supplemental Z. officinale increased (P<0.05) the number of lactic acid bacteria in the jejunum. It was concluded that dietary supplemental plant extracts, especially Z. officinale increased growth performance and number of beneficial bacteria. It could be speculated that Z. officinale could be of value to replace antibiotics which have been banned to use as growth promoter in animal feeds.
16th European Poultry Conference
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a phytogenic product (Integri-Phi®) containing Quillaja saponaria and Yucca schidigera saponins and polyphenols, known to reduce inflammation and stimulate cell mediated immune response, on intestinal integrity, welfare, and performance of broilers under typical production environment in Belgium. Three commercial farms with two identical poultry houses each differing in Quillaja and Yucca product (QYP) supplementation only, one control (CTRL) and one QYP supplemented (Integri-Phi® at 250g/t), were monitored for two consecutive production cycles with a total of 464 000 Ross308 broilers; each poultry house cycle serving as a replicate. Conventional industrial farming and commercial feed supplemented with in-feed anticoccidials were applied and were identical for each QYP/CTRL paired replicates. Performance data: average body weight at processing (BW), average daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) corrected at 2500 g BW, European Poultry Efficiency Factor (EPEF) and liveability; total mean lesion scores (TMLS) for the three major Eimeria spp. and dysbacteriosis lesion score from five random birds per replicate at day 21 and 35; and food pad dermatitis (FPD) score for 100 birds per replicate at day 35, as an indicator of birds' welfare, were collected and subjected to statistical analysis by paired t-test with a multiple linear regression analysis that adjusts for slaughter age and feed program. QYP significantly improved BW with 38g (CTRL 2587g and QYP 2625g p=0.018) and DWG with 1.2g (CTRL 65.63g and QY 66.87g p=0.018). FCR was improved numerically with 3 points (CTRL 1.54 and QY 1.51 p=0.142) and EPEF with 16 points (CTRL 408 and QY 424 p=0.116). Liveability did not differ significantly (CTRL 96.725% and QYP 97.462 p=0.495). Coccidiosis control was effective and TMLS were not significantly different between the two groups (CTRL 0.83 and 0.60 and QYP 0.83 and 0.63 at 21 and 35 days with p=0.553 and 0.884 respectively). While non-specific enteritis (dysbacteriosis) scores were significantly lower at 35 days in the QYP group (CTRL 2.63 and 4.00 and QYP 2.80 and 3.50 at 21 and 35 days with p=0.611 and 0.028 respectively). In line with reduced enteritis score at 35 days QYP provided close to significant reduction of FPD at 35 days (CTRL 58.33 and QYP 40.17 p=0.086). Overall results suggest that QYP can reduce intestinal inflammation and improve birds' performance and welfare under commercial farming conditions.
Italian Journal of Animal Science, 2012
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 3 different levels (1.25, 2.5 or 5.0%) of black cumin seeds (BCS) on five hundred chicks. A basal diet was supplemented with either 0 (negative control), or 0.1% antibiotic (positive control), or 3 levels of BCS. At day 28 and 42 of age, the 2.5 and 5.0% BCS groups had significantly greater body weight gain (BWG) than the 1.25% BCS and the antibiotic group. The same groups had feed efficiency significantly improved (P<0.05) compared to the 1.25% BCS group and the controls. At both ages, measurement of the dressing percentage showed no marked variation between BCS supplementation and antibiotic. The 2.5 and 5.0% BCS groups showed an increase (P<0.05) in total protein and higher (P<0.05) haematological values than the 1.25%, antibiotic or unsupplemented diet group. The activities of blood enzymes were lower (P<0.05) and caecal coliform and Escherichia coli populations decreased (P<0.05) in BCS and antibiotic groups. Serum and tissue cholesterol concentration decreased (P<0.05) as the levels of BCS increased. The geometric means haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres of the BCS and the antibiotic group were always higher than the negative control. The mean lymphoid organs weight/body weight ratio of the negative control was significantly (P<0.05) lower than BCS and antibiotic groups. In conclusion, including up to 2.5 or 5.0% BSC in the diets of broilers has no deleterious effects on their performance, immunity, serum biochemical constituents nor haematological indices. In fact, it may lead to the development of low-cholesterol chicken meat.
Response of broiler chickens to the dietary inclusion of Chromolaena odorata leaf meal
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 2002
A study was carried out to determine the nutrient composition of the leaf meal of the tropical plant Chromolaena odorata, and its value as a feed ingredient and colouring agent in broiler chickens' diets. Chromolaena odorata leaf meal (COLM) contained (on dry matter basis) crude protein 218.0 g kg" 1 , crude fibre 141.0 g kg" 1 , and metabolizable energy 5.42 MJ kg" 1 , tannic acid equivalent 143 g kg" 1 . Two hundred and forty 2-week-old broiler chickens were used in a complete randomised design to evaluate the effect of diets containing varying amounts of COLM (0,25, 50 and 75 g kg 1 ) on growth performance and some physiological parameters. The diets were fed ad libitum for 6 weeks. The COLM addition had an adverse effect on the performance of broiler chickens by reducing feed intake (r=-0.97), body weight gain (r=-0.99), feed conversion efficiency (r=0.96), water consumption (r=-0.74) and carcass yield (r=-0.98). Mortality rates were, however, unaffected by dietary treatments. Body colour intensity increased with increasing levels of COLM. At dietary levels of 0,25,50 and 75 g kg 1 , the skin, beak and shank colour scores on Roche colour fan were 0, 4.6, 6.8 and 7.9, respectively. Haematological and blood biochemical indices and spleen, liver, heart, gizzard and intestinal weights were unaffected by the level of inclusion of COLM.
2020
This study evaluated the effect of pawpaw, black cumin, and mustard seed meals (PSM, BSM, and MSM, respectively) supplementation on broiler chickens’ performance, gut microflora, and gut morphology. Two basal diets were formulated for the starter and grower phases and divided into five portions. Portion one (Diet 1), the negative control, contained no supplementation, portion two (Diet 2), was supplemented with 0.11 g kg oxytetracycline. The third (Diet 3), the forth (Diet 4) and the fifth portions (Diet 5) were supplemented with 15 g kg PSM, MSM and BSM, respectively. Three-hundred 1-day old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly distributed into five treatments (10 chicks/replicate; 60 chicks/treatment) in a completely randomized design. The performance characteristics of the birds were determined on 7 days interval. On day 42, three birds per replicate were sacrificed for the determination of the carcass traits and relative internal organs weights. At the grower phase and overa...
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2010
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of synbiotics and phytobiotics on performance, small intestine weight, pH and caecal coliform counts of broilers. The influences of synbiotics and phytobiotics on oxidant/antioxidant status in the blood of broilers were also assessed. A total of 200 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments, either fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 1 g/kg synbiotic, 1 g/kg phytobiotic or 1 g/kg synbiotic plus 1 g/kg phytobiotic. The diet supplemented with both synbiotic and phytobiotic had no effect on body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency of broilers at the end of the study (p > 0.05). Neither small intestine weight nor pH was affected by any of the treatments. Supplementation of both synbiotic and phytobiotic to diet decreased the caecal coliform count (p < 0.01). Addition of synbiotics and phytobiotics in combination significantly increased plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p ≤ 0.05), whereasphytobiotic addition alone showed only a slight increase. Similarly, elevated nitric oxide (NO) level was recorded in the synbiotic- and phytobiotic-fed group and in the phytobiotic-fed group (p ≤ 0.001). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of synbiotic and phytobiotic improved the gut health by decreasing the caecal total coliform count, but growth performance was not affected by the supplementations. Further investigations are needed to determine the effects of phytobiotics on oxidative/antioxidative metabolism as regards their compositional analysis.
Influence of pelleted diets and coarse ground mash diets on broilers gut flora
The gut microflora is of major importance for animal performance and health. Molecular techniques create the possibility to obtain detailed knowledge of the composition and dynamics of this flora. An experiment was performed to assess the effects of pelleted versus coarse mash diets on performance and the composition of the intestinal microflora of broilers. Birds were housed in battery cages and allocated to two dietary treatments. Both treatments were assigned to 6 cages with 20 birds per cage. The experiment was divided into a starter (0-8 d) and growerfinisher phase (9-35 d). All birds were ad libitum fed a pelleted starter diet (2.5 mm) followed by one of the two treatments: a coarse mash or a pelleted (3.0 mm) grower-finisher diet. At 35 days of age, from 5 birds per cage, samples of the content of the crop, proximal ileum, distal ileum and the caeca were taken. The bacterial compositions of the samples were determined using the MCPC method (modification of the T-RFLP method, www.mcpcgenetics.com). FCR was significantly improved in birds fed the mash diet (1.588) compared with the pelleted diet (1.639). However, weight gain was numerically higher for the pelleted diet (2118 g) compared with the mash diet (2063 g). In the crop the most dominantly present peak in the mash diet (28% relative abundance) was decreased (P<0.05) with the pelleted diet (12%), whereas in the proximal ileum the opposite effect was found. In the distal ileum and the caeca also shifts (P<0.05) between mash and pelleted diets were found in dominant bacterial peaks. Based on available sequence libraries the bacterial shifts in the crop and proximal ileum most probably represent lactobacillus bacteria and in the distal ileum and caeca represent groups of uncultured bacteria. Especially in the proximal ileum, mash diets appear to result in a more balanced bacterial profile (less dominant bacterial groups), which might be one of the factors why birds fed "coarse" mash diets are frequently reported to show less health problems compared to birds fed pelleted diets.